Biol 303 - Intermediate Cell Biology » Fall 2021 » Exam 2 Fast Facts

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Question #1
Most of the enzymes needed for the Krebs cycle are found in solubilized in the matrix of the mitochondria.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #2
The second law of thermodynamics describes how spontaneous events occur with the input of external energy.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #3
Enzymatic transfer of a phosphate from a low energy intermediate to a high energy ADP is called substrate level phosphorylation.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #4
NAD+ is a non-protein cofactor that is reduced during glycolysis in order to form NADH.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #5
Electron transfer in Complex 1 is coupled by conformational changes to the translocation of H+ across the membrane.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #6
The first law of thermodynamics _________.
A.   All of these statements are correct.
B.   is the law of conservation of energy.
C.   states that energy can be transduced from one form to another.
D.   states that energy can be neither created not destroyed.
Question #7
How does the mitochondria provide the energy for ATP production?
A.   NADH and FADH2
B.   Oxygen's affinity for electrons
C.   ATP hydrolysis
D.   proton-motive force
Question #8
For a reaction with a standard free energy change, ΔG°’ = -7.3 kcal/mol, which of the following statements is true?
A.   The reaction is endergonic.
B.   The reaction is exergonic.
C.   None of these answers are correct.
D.   The reaction would never occur spontaneously.
Question #9
In the reaction A + B <—> C + D, how might the reaction take place in the cell if the Δ G is very positive?
A.   The reaction would probably take place by coupling it to a reaction with a larger -ΔG so that when the ΔG values are added up the sum is negative.
B.   The reaction would probably take place by coupling it to a reaction with a larger ΔG so that when the ΔG values are added up the sum is positive.
C.   The reaction would probably take place by coupling it to a reaction with the same positive ΔG so that when the ΔG values are added up the energy levels balance.
D.   The reaction would probably take place by coupling it to a reaction with a smaller -ΔG so that when the ΔG values are added up the sum is positive.
Question #10
You incubate isolated intact mitochondria in a buffered solution containing succinate (an oxidizable substrate) and ADP plus Pi. Upon adding cyanide (an inhibitor of Complex IV, cyto-chrome oxidase), you examine the effect on oxygen consumption and the production of ATP. What do you predict?
A.   Oxygen will be consumed, and ATP will be produced
B.   Oxygen will be consumed, but no ATP will be produced
C.   Oxygen will not be consumed, and no ATP will be produced
D.   Oxygen will not be consumed, but ATP will be produced
Question #11
The F0 portion of ATP synthase functions as a .
A.   an enzyme that synthesizes ATP
B.   a proton pump
C.   a channel that conducts protons from the matrix back to the intermembrane space
D.   a channel that conducts protons from the intermembrane space back to the matrix
Question #12
In oxidative phosphorylation, ATP production is coupled to the events in the electron-transport chain. What is being oxidized? And what is being reduced?
A.   FADH2 and O2
B.   NADH and H2O
C.   H2O and NAD+
D.   FAD and O2
Question #13
What provides the energy for the rotation of the F1 portion of ATP synthase?
A.   proton movement from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space
B.   reduction of NADH
C.   ATP hydrolysis
D.   proton movement from intermembrane space to the matrix
Question #14
Adherens junctions completely circle the cell and contacts with neighboring cells.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #15
  
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #16
Tight junctions completely circle the cell and contacts with neighboring cells.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #17
Matrix metalloproteinases can digest almost all the ECM components, showing that the ECM is dynamic.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #18
Which of the following describes the structure of proteoglycans? (Pick the one best answer)
A.   Repeating negatively charged disaccharides attached to a protein core which is attached to a long carbohydrate.
B.   An array of carbohydrates attached to a protein core.
C.   Repeating carbohydrates attached to a long core protein embedded in the cell membrane.
D.   A carbohydrate modified protein.
Question #19
Which of the following is NOT a function of the basement membrane?
A.   It is part of the barrier to prevent the movement of macromolecules.
B.   It serves as a binding surface for cells to adhere to.
C.   It gives mechanical support to cells.
D.   It is involved in cell to cell interactions.
Question #20
How are the individual strands that make up microtubules held together?
A.   magnetism
B.   strong interactions and covalent interactions
C.   noncovalent interactions
D.   covalent interactions
Question #21
You are a multicellular organism. If you jump into a pool of water, how come you don’t pop?
A.   Your skin is strong because of desmosomes.
B.   Your skin has tight junctions making a water tight seal.
C.   Your skin has adherens junctions that communicate with the cytoplasm preventing rupture of the cell.
D.   Just keep swimming, just keep swimming, and you will be okay.
E.   Your skin has gap junctions sending electrical signals to the nucleus which then controls the structure of the cell membrane.
Question #22
Which of the following is NOT a role for adherens junctions?
A.   They can be used to send signals inside the cell or outside the cell.
B.   They form a belt around the top surface of the cell in order to bind one cell to the next cell.
C.   They provide support for mechanical stress.
D.   They bind to actin cytoskeletal proteins.
E.   They use cadherin integral proteins to join two cells.
Question #23
The Golgi complex contains functionally similar compartments with a cis and trans face that are identical in composition.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #24
The types of proteins synthesized at the RER include secreted proteins, peripheral membrane proteins and lysosomal enzymes.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #25
The rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with each other as well as the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #26
A quality control system is used to tag misfolded proteins that eventually are degraded by proteasomes in the cytosol.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #27
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:
A.   protein modifications.
B.   sequestration of calcium ions.
C.   detoxification in the liver.
D.   synthesis of steroid hormones.
Question #28
What is not involved in receptor mediated endocytosis?
A.   clathrin molecules assembled into triskelions
B.   adaptor molecules selectively bind to cargo molecules
C.   adaptor molecules recruit the clathrin molecules to the vesicle
D.   invagination of the plasma membrane occurs first followed by coating of the pits by clathrin
Question #29
Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
A.   endoplasmic reticulum
B.   nuclear envelope
C.   Golgi apparatus
D.   mitochondrion
Question #30
_____________ residues act as an “address” for delivery of proteins to lysosomes
A.   mannose 6-phosphate
B.   ubiquitin
C.   BiP
D.   glycosyltransferase

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