The system unit is the main case of a computer or mobile device.

Most computers today support the ____ standard, which means the computer automatically configures new devices as soon as they are installed and the computer is powered up.

The buses that connect peripheral (typically input and output) devices to the motherboard are often called expansion buses.

Magnetic RAM (MRAM) uses ____ rather than an electrical charge to store data.

Unlike ASCII and EBCDIC, Unicode is a universal international coding standard designed to represent text-based data written in any ancient or modern language, including those with different alphabets.

The ____ orders data and instructions from cache or RAM based on the current task.

With pipelining, a new instruction begins executing as soon as the previous one reaches the next stage of the pipeline

Early computers required programs to be written in machine language.

The numbering system we commonly use is called the decimal numbering system because it uses ____ symbols to represent all possible numbers.

Most recent software programs, including the latest versions of Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Microsoft Office, use ASCII.

To convert analog sound to digital sound, several thousand samples—digital representations of the sound at a particular moment—are taken every second.

Jess is a musician who has just bought a new computer. Now she need to figure out how to connect this computer to the devices that were connected to her old computer. Jess has pictures from her old computer saved on a flash memory card. To transfer these to her new computer, she will insert the card into a(n) ____.

Pipelining increases the number of machine cycles completed per second.

Each place value in a binary number represents ____ raised to the appropriate power.

The ____ takes instructions from the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that the control unit can understand.

Video data—such as home movies, feature films, video clips, and television shows—is displayed using a collection of ____.

The key element of the microprocessor is the ____—a device made of semiconductor material that controls the flow of electrons inside a chip.

The main circuit board inside the system unit is called the megaboard.

Because of its large size, audio data is usually encrypted to reduce its file size when it is transmitted over the Internet or stored on a smartphone or another device.

ROM (read-only memory), also called main memory or system memory, is used to store the essential parts of the operating system while the computer is running.

A ____ is approximately 1,000 bytes.

Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer. Jack can speed up his computer by scanning it for viruses and ____.

A circuit board is a thin board containing ____ and other electronic components.

The decode unit coordinates and controls the operations and activities taking place within a CPU core.

The control unit takes the instructions fetched by the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that can be understood by the control unit, ALU, and FPU.

The backside bus (BSB) has been one of the most common types of expansion buses in past years.

Each pixel in a monochrome graphic can be only one of two possible colors (such as black or white).

The ____ tries to predict what data and instructions will be needed and retrieves them ahead of time in order to help avoid delays in processing.

The term ____ refers to chip-based storage.

The ____ allows 127 different devices to connect to a computer via a single USB port on the computer’s system unit.

Today’s CPUs contain hundreds of millions of transistors, and the number doubles approximately every 18 months, a phenomenon known as Moliere’s Law.

The ____ is the section of a CPU core that performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.

One reason a computer might become inefficient is that when programs are uninstalled, pieces of the program are sometimes left behind or references to these programs are left in operating system files such as the ____.

____ have begun to replace ROM for storing system information, such as a computer’s BIOS.

____ are small components typically made out of aluminum with fins that help to dissipate heat.

The binary numbering system uses only two symbols—the digits 0 and 1—to represent all possible numbers.

ASCII is the coding system traditionally used with personal computers.

Like graphics data, ______ such as a song or the sound of someone speaking must be in digital form in order to be stored on a storage medium or processed by a computer.

Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer. Jack can use the ____ program to locate and delete temporary files, such as installation files, Web browsing history, and files in the Recycle Bin.

Terascale computing is the ability of a computer to process one ____ floating point operations per second (teraflops).