East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

B. Francesco Redi

C. Joseph Lister

D. Louis Pasteur

E. Robert Koch

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. wax

B. triglyceride

C. cholesterol

D. starch

E. phospholipid

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. can only be found growing in laboratories

B. cause human disease

C. are infectious particles

D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

E. lack a cell nucleus

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B. microbes are found on dust particles

C. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

D. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

E. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. pathogens

B. prokaryotes

C. fermenters

D. eukaryotes

E. decomposers

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. genetic engineering

B. epidemiology

C. taxonomy

D. immunology

E. bioremediation

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. pathogens

B. fermenters

C. prokaryotes

D. eukaryotes

E. decomposers

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Bacteria

B. Helminths

C. Fungi

D. Parasites

E. Viruses

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. family, order,class

B. family, genus,species

C. kingdom, domain,phylum

D. class, phylum,order

E. genus, species,family

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. measles

B. diarrheal diseases

C. respiratory diseases

D. malaria diseases

E. AIDS-related diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. nomenclature

B. classification

C. identification

D. taxa

E. common name

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Bacteria are larger than viruses

B. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

C. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

D. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. phosphorous

B. oxygen

C. nitrogen

D. hydrogen

E. carbon

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. protozoa

B. infectious particles

C. molds

D. parasitic worms

E. bacteria

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

B. determining evolutionary relatedness

C. nomenclature

D. recombinant DNA

E. bioremediation

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

B. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

C. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. bright field

B. electron

C. dark field

D. fluorescence

E. phase contrast

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. mold

B. euglena

C. green plant

D. fungus

E. algae

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. Thioglycollate

B. General purpose

C. Transport

D. EMB

E. Blood

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Bright field

B. Dark field

C. Electron

D. Fluorescence

E. Phase contrast

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. complex

B. enriched

C. minimal

D. synthetic

E. reducing

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Is solid at room temperature

B. Holds moisture

C. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

D. Is digested by most microbes

E. Has flexibility

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

C. The culturemedium must be differential.

D. The culturemedium must be selective.

E. The culture iscontaminated.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. fixed stained smear

B. flagellar stain

C. negative stain

D. Gram stain

E. hanging drop

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Fluorescence

B. Transmission electron

C. Differential interference contrast

D. Phase contrast

E. Scanning electron

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. using the acid-fast stain

B. simple staining

C. negative staining

D. using an acidic dye

E. capsule staining

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

B. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

D. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. Refraction

B. Resolving power

C. All of thechoices are correct.

D. Magnification

E. None of the choices are correct.

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enriched

B. Selective

C. Enumeration

D. Differential

E. Reducing

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. a reducing medium

B. trypticase soy agar

C. mannitol salt agar

D. MacConkey medium

E. blood agar

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

B. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

C. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

D. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E. it is a type of compound microscope

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Petri dish

B. Pipette

C. Swab

D. Loop

E. Needle

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Nosepiece

B. Condenser

C. Objective lens

D. Body

E. Ocular lens

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. anaerobic

B. fastidious

C. aerobic

D. autotrophic

E. microaerophilic

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. hook

B. outer membrane

C. basal body

D. filament

E. sheath

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

B. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

C. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

D. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

E. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. slime layers

B. cell walls

C. capsules

D. cell membranes

E. inclusions

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. resistant to destruction by radiation

B. metabolically inactive

C. All of the choices are correct.

D. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

E. living structures

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. archaea

B. cyanobacteria

C. mycoplasmas

D. gram-negative organisms

E. gram-positive organisms

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. gram-negative

B. both gram-positive and -negative

C. gram-positive

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. rRNA

B. None of thechoices is correct.

C. tRNA

D. All of thechoices are correct.

E. mRNA

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. acid fast

B. gram-positive

C. found in archaea

D. gram-negative

E. a spheroplast

Question #48

A. cilia

B. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C. sex pili

D. flagella

E. fimbriae

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Staphylococcus

B. Bacillus

C. Clostridium

D. Sporosarcina

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. lophotrichous

B. amphitrichous

C. atrichous

D. peritrichous

E. monotrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. inclusions

B. slime layer

C. capsule

D. LPS

E. fimbriae

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. cannot be passed on to progeny

B. cannot be passed between organisms

C. are found in all bacteria

D. are often the site of pathogenic genes

E. are essential for growth and metabolism

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Cell membrane

B. Fimbriae

C. Capsule

D. Slime layer

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. sex pili

B. flagella

C. cilia

D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E. fimbriae

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Coccus

B. Spirochete

C. Vibrio

D. Tetrad

E. Rod

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nuclear envelope

B. nucleolus

C. nucleosome

D. nucleoplasm

E. chromatin

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. microtubules

B. cilia

C. filaments

D. flagella

E. None of the choices are correct.

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B. All of the choices are correct.

C. anchors organelles

D. provides support

E. helps maintain cell shape

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. endospore

B. cyst

C. sporozoa

D. seed

E. trophozoite

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. endoplasmic reticulum

B. mitochondria

C. lysosome

D. Golgi apparatus

E. chloroplast

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. facilitate phototaxis

B. are used for cell motility

C. contain microtubules

D. facilitate chemotaxis

E. are long, whiplike structures

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. lysosome

C. nucleolus

D. nucleus

E. ribosome

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. parasites

B. dimorphic

C. nonseptate

D. saprobes

E. substrates

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. spores

B. pseudohyphae

C. parasites

D. dimorphic

E. saprobes

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

C. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D. Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

B. enzymes found in lysosomes

C. found in polyribosomes

D. proteins of the cytoskeleton

E. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

B. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

C. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

D. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. molds

B. mycelium

C. dimorphic

D. septa

E. pseudohyphae

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. oocyst

B. food vacuole

C. trophozoite

D. cyst

E. sporozoite

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. cell wall

B. ectoplasm and endoplasm

C. heterotrophic nutrition

D. formation of a cyst stage

E. motility

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Have cell walls

B. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

C. Photosynthetic

D. Heterotrophic nutrition

E. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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