Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Francesco Redi
B.
Louis Pasteur
C.
Robert Koch
D.
Joseph Lister
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
triglyceride
B.
wax
C.
phospholipid
D.
starch
E.
cholesterol
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
can only be found growing in laboratories
B.
are infectious particles
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
cause human disease
E.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
B.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
C.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
D.
microbes are found on dust particles
E.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
prokaryotes
C.
eukaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
decomposers
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
immunology
C.
epidemiology
D.
taxonomy
E.
bioremediation
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
pathogens
C.
decomposers
D.
eukaryotes
E.
prokaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Parasites
B.
Helminths
C.
Bacteria
D.
Viruses
E.
Fungi
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
kingdom, domain,phylum
B.
genus, species,family
C.
family, genus,species
D.
family, order,class
E.
class, phylum,order
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
malaria diseases
B.
diarrheal diseases
C.
measles
D.
AIDS-related diseases
E.
respiratory diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
nomenclature
B.
taxa
C.
identification
D.
classification
E.
common name
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
D.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
carbon
B.
oxygen
C.
hydrogen
D.
nitrogen
E.
phosphorous
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
protozoa
C.
parasitic worms
D.
infectious particles
E.
molds
Question #18
A.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
B.
recombinant DNA
C.
bioremediation
D.
determining evolutionary relatedness
E.
nomenclature
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
bright field
B.
fluorescence
C.
dark field
D.
phase contrast
E.
electron
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
euglena
C.
algae
D.
green plant
E.
fungus
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
General purpose
B.
Transport
C.
EMB
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Electron
B.
Bright field
C.
Dark field
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Fluorescence
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
reducing
B.
synthetic
C.
minimal
D.
complex
E.
enriched
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is solid at room temperature
B.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
C.
Holds moisture
D.
Has flexibility
E.
Is digested by most microbes
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be selective.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
The culture iscontaminated.
D.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
E.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
Gram stain
B.
flagellar stain
C.
negative stain
D.
hanging drop
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Scanning electron
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Transmission electron
E.
Differential interference contrast
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using the acid-fast stain
B.
negative staining
C.
using an acidic dye
D.
capsule staining
E.
simple staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
D.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Magnification
B.
Refraction
C.
Resolving power
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Reducing
B.
Differential
C.
Enriched
D.
Enumeration
E.
Selective
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
MacConkey medium
B.
trypticase soy agar
C.
blood agar
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
a reducing medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
B.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
C.
it is a type of compound microscope
D.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
E.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Needle
B.
Petri dish
C.
Pipette
D.
Loop
E.
Swab
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Ocular lens
B.
Condenser
C.
Objective lens
D.
Body
E.
Nosepiece
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
autotrophic
B.
anaerobic
C.
microaerophilic
D.
aerobic
E.
fastidious
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
filament
B.
basal body
C.
hook
D.
sheath
E.
outer membrane
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
B.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
C.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell membranes
B.
slime layers
C.
cell walls
D.
inclusions
E.
capsules
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
living structures
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
metabolically inactive
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
mycoplasmas
B.
gram-positive organisms
C.
gram-negative organisms
D.
cyanobacteria
E.
archaea
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
C.
both gram-positive and -negative
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
rRNA
B.
mRNA
C.
None of thechoices is correct.
D.
tRNA
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
found in archaea
B.
gram-negative
C.
gram-positive
D.
a spheroplast
E.
acid fast
Question #48
A.
cilia
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
fimbriae
D.
flagella
E.
sex pili
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Sporosarcina
B.
Staphylococcus
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Bacillus
E.
Clostridium
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
monotrichous
B.
lophotrichous
C.
atrichous
D.
amphitrichous
E.
peritrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
LPS
B.
inclusions
C.
capsule
D.
fimbriae
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed between organisms
B.
are found in all bacteria
C.
are essential for growth and metabolism
D.
cannot be passed on to progeny
E.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Cell membrane
B.
Capsule
C.
Fimbriae
D.
Slime layer
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
flagella
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
cilia
D.
sex pili
E.
fimbriae
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Coccus
B.
Spirochete
C.
Tetrad
D.
Rod
E.
Vibrio
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleoplasm
B.
nucleosome
C.
nuclear envelope
D.
nucleolus
E.
chromatin
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
microtubules
C.
flagella
D.
cilia
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
B.
provides support
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
anchors organelles
E.
helps maintain cell shape
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
endospore
B.
seed
C.
sporozoa
D.
trophozoite
E.
cyst
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
lysosome
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
endoplasmic reticulum
D.
mitochondria
E.
chloroplast
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
contain microtubules
B.
are long, whiplike structures
C.
facilitate phototaxis
D.
facilitate chemotaxis
E.
are used for cell motility
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
nucleus
C.
ribosome
D.
nucleolus
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
saprobes
B.
parasites
C.
nonseptate
D.
dimorphic
E.
substrates
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
spores
C.
saprobes
D.
dimorphic
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Protozoa and Animals
C.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
D.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
found in polyribosomes
B.
enzymes found in lysosomes
C.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
D.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
B.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
C.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
D.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
E.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
molds
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
mycelium
D.
dimorphic
E.
septa
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
sporozoite
B.
cyst
C.
trophozoite
D.
oocyst
E.
food vacuole
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
formation of a cyst stage
B.
cell wall
C.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
D.
motility
E.
heterotrophic nutrition
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Heterotrophic nutrition
C.
Photosynthetic
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Have cell walls
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