Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Joseph Lister
C.
Robert Koch
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
phospholipid
B.
starch
C.
wax
D.
cholesterol
E.
triglyceride
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
cause human disease
B.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
are infectious particles
E.
can only be found growing in laboratories
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
microbes are found on dust particles
B.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
C.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
D.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
E.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
pathogens
C.
eukaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
prokaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
immunology
B.
genetic engineering
C.
taxonomy
D.
bioremediation
E.
epidemiology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
prokaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
decomposers
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Fungi
B.
Viruses
C.
Helminths
D.
Bacteria
E.
Parasites
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, genus,species
B.
class, phylum,order
C.
kingdom, domain,phylum
D.
genus, species,family
E.
family, order,class
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
respiratory diseases
C.
diarrheal diseases
D.
malaria diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
identification
B.
common name
C.
taxa
D.
classification
E.
nomenclature
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
phosphorous
B.
carbon
C.
oxygen
D.
nitrogen
E.
hydrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
parasitic worms
B.
bacteria
C.
infectious particles
D.
molds
E.
protozoa
Question #18
A.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
B.
recombinant DNA
C.
determining evolutionary relatedness
D.
nomenclature
E.
bioremediation
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
electron
B.
dark field
C.
bright field
D.
phase contrast
E.
fluorescence
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
algae
B.
green plant
C.
fungus
D.
mold
E.
euglena
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Transport
B.
General purpose
C.
EMB
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Bright field
B.
Electron
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Dark field
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
minimal
C.
complex
D.
reducing
E.
synthetic
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
B.
Is digested by most microbes
C.
Has flexibility
D.
Is solid at room temperature
E.
Holds moisture
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
The culture iscontaminated.
D.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
E.
The culturemedium must be selective.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
flagellar stain
B.
hanging drop
C.
negative stain
D.
fixed stained smear
E.
Gram stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Transmission electron
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Scanning electron
D.
Differential interference contrast
E.
Fluorescence
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using the acid-fast stain
B.
capsule staining
C.
using an acidic dye
D.
simple staining
E.
negative staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
Refraction
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Magnification
E.
Resolving power
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Differential
B.
Reducing
C.
Selective
D.
Enumeration
E.
Enriched
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
a reducing medium
B.
trypticase soy agar
C.
MacConkey medium
D.
blood agar
E.
mannitol salt agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
B.
it is a type of compound microscope
C.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
D.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
E.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Needle
C.
Swab
D.
Petri dish
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Body
B.
Ocular lens
C.
Nosepiece
D.
Objective lens
E.
Condenser
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
microaerophilic
C.
autotrophic
D.
fastidious
E.
anaerobic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
sheath
B.
outer membrane
C.
filament
D.
hook
E.
basal body
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
B.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
C.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
D.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
E.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
slime layers
C.
cell membranes
D.
capsules
E.
cell walls
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to destruction by radiation
B.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
living structures
E.
metabolically inactive
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-negative organisms
B.
gram-positive organisms
C.
cyanobacteria
D.
mycoplasmas
E.
archaea
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
C.
gram-positive
D.
both gram-positive and -negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
mRNA
B.
None of thechoices is correct.
C.
tRNA
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
rRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
found in archaea
B.
a spheroplast
C.
gram-positive
D.
acid fast
E.
gram-negative
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
sex pili
C.
cilia
D.
fimbriae
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Clostridium
B.
Sporosarcina
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Bacillus
E.
Staphylococcus
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
monotrichous
B.
peritrichous
C.
atrichous
D.
lophotrichous
E.
amphitrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
LPS
B.
slime layer
C.
fimbriae
D.
inclusions
E.
capsule
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are essential for growth and metabolism
B.
cannot be passed between organisms
C.
are found in all bacteria
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
cannot be passed on to progeny
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Capsule
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Fimbriae
D.
Cell membrane
E.
Slime layer
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
fimbriae
C.
sex pili
D.
cilia
E.
flagella
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Rod
B.
Tetrad
C.
Spirochete
D.
Vibrio
E.
Coccus
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
chromatin
C.
nucleoplasm
D.
nuclear envelope
E.
nucleolus
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
cilia
B.
filaments
C.
flagella
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
microtubules
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
helps maintain cell shape
D.
provides support
E.
anchors organelles
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
seed
B.
trophozoite
C.
sporozoa
D.
cyst
E.
endospore
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
lysosome
B.
mitochondria
C.
chloroplast
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
endoplasmic reticulum
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
facilitate chemotaxis
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
are used for cell motility
D.
are long, whiplike structures
E.
contain microtubules
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
ribosome
B.
nucleolus
C.
nucleus
D.
lysosome
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
parasites
C.
substrates
D.
saprobes
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
parasites
C.
dimorphic
D.
spores
E.
saprobes
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
D.
Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
enzymes found in lysosomes
B.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
found in polyribosomes
D.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
B.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
E.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
mycelium
C.
septa
D.
dimorphic
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
cyst
B.
sporozoite
C.
oocyst
D.
food vacuole
E.
trophozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
formation of a cyst stage
B.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
C.
heterotrophic nutrition
D.
cell wall
E.
motility
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
C.
Have cell walls
D.
Heterotrophic nutrition
E.
Photosynthetic
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