Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Robert Koch
B.
Louis Pasteur
C.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Joseph Lister
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
triglyceride
B.
starch
C.
wax
D.
cholesterol
E.
phospholipid
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
lack a cell nucleus
B.
are infectious particles
C.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
D.
cause human disease
E.
can only be found growing in laboratories
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
D.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
E.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
eukaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
pathogens
E.
prokaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
immunology
B.
bioremediation
C.
taxonomy
D.
epidemiology
E.
genetic engineering
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
prokaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
pathogens
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Fungi
B.
Bacteria
C.
Parasites
D.
Helminths
E.
Viruses
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, order,class
B.
kingdom, domain,phylum
C.
class, phylum,order
D.
family, genus,species
E.
genus, species,family
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
diarrheal diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
measles
D.
AIDS-related diseases
E.
respiratory diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
classification
B.
nomenclature
C.
identification
D.
common name
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
D.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
oxygen
B.
nitrogen
C.
phosphorous
D.
hydrogen
E.
carbon
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
infectious particles
C.
molds
D.
parasitic worms
E.
protozoa
Question #18
A.
determining evolutionary relatedness
B.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
C.
nomenclature
D.
bioremediation
E.
recombinant DNA
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
fluorescence
B.
phase contrast
C.
dark field
D.
electron
E.
bright field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
fungus
C.
green plant
D.
algae
E.
euglena
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Transport
B.
Blood
C.
Thioglycollate
D.
General purpose
E.
EMB
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Electron
B.
Bright field
C.
Dark field
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Fluorescence
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
reducing
B.
enriched
C.
complex
D.
synthetic
E.
minimal
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is solid at room temperature
B.
Is digested by most microbes
C.
Holds moisture
D.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
E.
Has flexibility
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
B.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
C.
The culture iscontaminated.
D.
The culturemedium must be differential.
E.
The culturemedium must be selective.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
fixed stained smear
B.
hanging drop
C.
negative stain
D.
flagellar stain
E.
Gram stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Scanning electron
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Differential interference contrast
D.
Transmission electron
E.
Phase contrast
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
capsule staining
B.
using the acid-fast stain
C.
negative staining
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
simple staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Resolving power
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
Magnification
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
Refraction
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Reducing
B.
Differential
C.
Selective
D.
Enriched
E.
Enumeration
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
blood agar
B.
MacConkey medium
C.
a reducing medium
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
trypticase soy agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
B.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
C.
it is a type of compound microscope
D.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
E.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Needle
B.
Swab
C.
Loop
D.
Pipette
E.
Petri dish
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Condenser
B.
Body
C.
Ocular lens
D.
Objective lens
E.
Nosepiece
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
microaerophilic
B.
fastidious
C.
aerobic
D.
autotrophic
E.
anaerobic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
basal body
B.
hook
C.
sheath
D.
filament
E.
outer membrane
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
B.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
C.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell walls
B.
inclusions
C.
slime layers
D.
cell membranes
E.
capsules
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
B.
metabolically inactive
C.
living structures
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
archaea
C.
cyanobacteria
D.
gram-negative organisms
E.
mycoplasmas
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
both gram-positive and -negative
B.
C.
gram-positive
D.
gram-negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
None of thechoices is correct.
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
mRNA
D.
rRNA
E.
tRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
found in archaea
C.
gram-positive
D.
gram-negative
E.
a spheroplast
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
flagella
B.
cilia
C.
sex pili
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
fimbriae
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
Sporosarcina
C.
Staphylococcus
D.
Bacillus
E.
Clostridium
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
atrichous
B.
peritrichous
C.
amphitrichous
D.
lophotrichous
E.
monotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
LPS
B.
fimbriae
C.
inclusions
D.
slime layer
E.
capsule
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed on to progeny
B.
are essential for growth and metabolism
C.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
D.
cannot be passed between organisms
E.
are found in all bacteria
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Cell membrane
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Capsule
D.
Slime layer
E.
Fimbriae
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
cilia
B.
flagella
C.
fimbriae
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
sex pili
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Coccus
B.
Tetrad
C.
Spirochete
D.
Rod
E.
Vibrio
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
B.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
D.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
nucleoplasm
C.
nucleolus
D.
chromatin
E.
nuclear envelope
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
cilia
B.
flagella
C.
filaments
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
microtubules
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
helps maintain cell shape
B.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
C.
provides support
D.
anchors organelles
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
seed
B.
trophozoite
C.
sporozoa
D.
endospore
E.
cyst
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
chloroplast
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
mitochondria
E.
lysosome
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are used for cell motility
B.
contain microtubules
C.
are long, whiplike structures
D.
facilitate chemotaxis
E.
facilitate phototaxis
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
nucleus
C.
nucleolus
D.
ribosome
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
substrates
B.
dimorphic
C.
saprobes
D.
nonseptate
E.
parasites
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
parasites
D.
dimorphic
E.
saprobes
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
found in polyribosomes
B.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
C.
enzymes found in lysosomes
D.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
B.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
E.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
septa
B.
dimorphic
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
mycelium
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
oocyst
B.
food vacuole
C.
sporozoite
D.
trophozoite
E.
cyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
cell wall
B.
formation of a cyst stage
C.
motility
D.
heterotrophic nutrition
E.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
B.
Have cell walls
C.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.
Photosynthetic
E.
Heterotrophic nutrition
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