East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Louis Pasteur

B. Francesco Redi

C. Joseph Lister

D. Robert Koch

E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. phospholipid

B. cholesterol

C. triglyceride

D. wax

E. starch

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. lack a cell nucleus

B. can only be found growing in laboratories

C. cause human disease

D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

E. are infectious particles

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

C. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

D. microbes are found on dust particles

E. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. decomposers

B. eukaryotes

C. pathogens

D. fermenters

E. prokaryotes

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. genetic engineering

B. epidemiology

C. bioremediation

D. immunology

E. taxonomy

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. pathogens

B. decomposers

C. prokaryotes

D. eukaryotes

E. fermenters

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Fungi

B. Parasites

C. Bacteria

D. Viruses

E. Helminths

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. class, phylum,order

B. family, order,class

C. genus, species,family

D. family, genus,species

E. kingdom, domain,phylum

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. AIDS-related diseases

B. respiratory diseases

C. measles

D. malaria diseases

E. diarrheal diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. nomenclature

B. common name

C. classification

D. taxa

E. identification

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

B. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C. Bacteria are larger than viruses

D. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. carbon

B. hydrogen

C. nitrogen

D. phosphorous

E. oxygen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. infectious particles

B. protozoa

C. parasitic worms

D. molds

E. bacteria

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. recombinant DNA

B. determining evolutionary relatedness

C. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

D. bioremediation

E. nomenclature

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

D. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. bright field

B. electron

C. phase contrast

D. fluorescence

E. dark field

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. green plant

B. fungus

C. mold

D. euglena

E. algae

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. General purpose

B. EMB

C. Transport

D. Thioglycollate

E. Blood

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Phase contrast

B. Electron

C. Dark field

D. Bright field

E. Fluorescence

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. synthetic

B. reducing

C. enriched

D. minimal

E. complex

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Holds moisture

B. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

C. Is digested by most microbes

D. Has flexibility

E. Is solid at room temperature

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B. The culturemedium must be selective.

C. The culturemedium must be differential.

D. The culture iscontaminated.

E. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. fixed stained smear

B. hanging drop

C. negative stain

D. flagellar stain

E. Gram stain

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Fluorescence

B. Scanning electron

C. Transmission electron

D. Differential interference contrast

E. Phase contrast

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. using the acid-fast stain

B. capsule staining

C. using an acidic dye

D. simple staining

E. negative staining

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

C. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

D. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. Refraction

B. Resolving power

C. None of the choices are correct.

D. All of thechoices are correct.

E. Magnification

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Selective

B. Enriched

C. Differential

D. Reducing

E. Enumeration

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. blood agar

B. a reducing medium

C. MacConkey medium

D. trypticase soy agar

E. mannitol salt agar

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

B. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

C. it is a type of compound microscope

D. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Petri dish

B. Needle

C. Pipette

D. Loop

E. Swab

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Objective lens

B. Body

C. Ocular lens

D. Nosepiece

E. Condenser

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. aerobic

B. fastidious

C. anaerobic

D. microaerophilic

E. autotrophic

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. basal body

B. hook

C. outer membrane

D. sheath

E. filament

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

B. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

C. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

D. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

E. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. capsules

B. inclusions

C. cell membranes

D. slime layers

E. cell walls

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. metabolically inactive

B. All of the choices are correct.

C. resistant to destruction by radiation

D. living structures

E. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. gram-positive organisms

B. mycoplasmas

C. gram-negative organisms

D. archaea

E. cyanobacteria

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. both gram-positive and -negative

B. gram-negative

C. gram-positive

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. tRNA

B. None of thechoices is correct.

C. mRNA

D. All of thechoices are correct.

E. rRNA

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. gram-negative

B. acid fast

C. gram-positive

D. a spheroplast

E. found in archaea

Question #48

A. cilia

B. flagella

C. sex pili

D. fimbriae

E. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Bacillus

B. All of thechoices are correct.

C. Staphylococcus

D. Clostridium

E. Sporosarcina

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. monotrichous

B. atrichous

C. amphitrichous

D. peritrichous

E. lophotrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. fimbriae

B. LPS

C. inclusions

D. capsule

E. slime layer

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are essential for growth and metabolism

B. cannot be passed on to progeny

C. are often the site of pathogenic genes

D. are found in all bacteria

E. cannot be passed between organisms

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Slime layer

B. Cell membrane

C. Capsule

D. All of the choices are correct.

E. Fimbriae

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. flagella

B. fimbriae

C. cilia

D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E. sex pili

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Tetrad

B. Coccus

C. Spirochete

D. Vibrio

E. Rod

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

D. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleosome

B. nuclear envelope

C. nucleolus

D. nucleoplasm

E. chromatin

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. flagella

B. filaments

C. None of the choices are correct.

D. cilia

E. microtubules

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

C. helps maintain cell shape

D. provides support

E. anchors organelles

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. cyst

B. seed

C. trophozoite

D. sporozoa

E. endospore

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. chloroplast

C. lysosome

D. mitochondria

E. endoplasmic reticulum

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. facilitate chemotaxis

B. facilitate phototaxis

C. are used for cell motility

D. contain microtubules

E. are long, whiplike structures

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. nucleolus

B. lysosome

C. nucleus

D. Golgi apparatus

E. ribosome

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. substrates

B. nonseptate

C. dimorphic

D. saprobes

E. parasites

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. dimorphic

B. pseudohyphae

C. parasites

D. spores

E. saprobes

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

B. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

C. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D. Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. found in polyribosomes

B. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

C. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

D. enzymes found in lysosomes

E. proteins of the cytoskeleton

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

B. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

C. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

D. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

E. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. septa

B. pseudohyphae

C. dimorphic

D. mycelium

E. molds

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. trophozoite

B. sporozoite

C. cyst

D. food vacuole

E. oocyst

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. formation of a cyst stage

B. heterotrophic nutrition

C. ectoplasm and endoplasm

D. motility

E. cell wall

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

B. Heterotrophic nutrition

C. Have cell walls

D. Photosynthetic

E. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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