East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Francesco Redi

B. Robert Koch

C. Joseph Lister

D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

E. Louis Pasteur

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. wax

B. starch

C. cholesterol

D. triglyceride

E. phospholipid

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

B. are infectious particles

C. can only be found growing in laboratories

D. cause human disease

E. lack a cell nucleus

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

B. microbes are found on dust particles

C. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

D. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

E. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. pathogens

B. eukaryotes

C. prokaryotes

D. decomposers

E. fermenters

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. bioremediation

B. epidemiology

C. genetic engineering

D. immunology

E. taxonomy

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. decomposers

B. prokaryotes

C. fermenters

D. pathogens

E. eukaryotes

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Viruses

B. Parasites

C. Helminths

D. Fungi

E. Bacteria

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. family, order,class

B. class, phylum,order

C. family, genus,species

D. genus, species,family

E. kingdom, domain,phylum

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. respiratory diseases

B. malaria diseases

C. AIDS-related diseases

D. measles

E. diarrheal diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. nomenclature

B. identification

C. classification

D. common name

E. taxa

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

C. Bacteria are larger than viruses

D. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. phosphorous

B. hydrogen

C. oxygen

D. carbon

E. nitrogen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. protozoa

B. molds

C. parasitic worms

D. infectious particles

E. bacteria

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. nomenclature

B. recombinant DNA

C. bioremediation

D. determining evolutionary relatedness

E. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

C. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. dark field

B. electron

C. fluorescence

D. phase contrast

E. bright field

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. fungus

B. mold

C. euglena

D. algae

E. green plant

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. Thioglycollate

B. General purpose

C. Blood

D. EMB

E. Transport

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Fluorescence

B. Phase contrast

C. Bright field

D. Dark field

E. Electron

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. enriched

B. minimal

C. reducing

D. synthetic

E. complex

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Is digested by most microbes

B. Holds moisture

C. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

D. Is solid at room temperature

E. Has flexibility

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

B. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

C. The culturemedium must be differential.

D. The culturemedium must be selective.

E. The culture iscontaminated.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. flagellar stain

B. fixed stained smear

C. hanging drop

D. Gram stain

E. negative stain

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Transmission electron

B. Scanning electron

C. Fluorescence

D. Phase contrast

E. Differential interference contrast

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. using an acidic dye

B. simple staining

C. using the acid-fast stain

D. capsule staining

E. negative staining

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. Refraction

B. None of the choices are correct.

C. Magnification

D. Resolving power

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enriched

B. Differential

C. Enumeration

D. Selective

E. Reducing

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. a reducing medium

B. MacConkey medium

C. mannitol salt agar

D. trypticase soy agar

E. blood agar

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it is a type of compound microscope

B. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

C. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

D. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Pipette

B. Loop

C. Swab

D. Petri dish

E. Needle

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Body

B. Objective lens

C. Condenser

D. Nosepiece

E. Ocular lens

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. microaerophilic

B. aerobic

C. anaerobic

D. fastidious

E. autotrophic

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. filament

B. basal body

C. hook

D. sheath

E. outer membrane

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

B. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

C. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

D. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

E. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. cell walls

B. capsules

C. inclusions

D. slime layers

E. cell membranes

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. metabolically inactive

C. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

D. living structures

E. resistant to destruction by radiation

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. gram-negative organisms

B. archaea

C. mycoplasmas

D. gram-positive organisms

E. cyanobacteria

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. gram-negative

B. gram-positive

D. both gram-positive and -negative

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. mRNA

B. All of thechoices are correct.

C. None of thechoices is correct.

D. rRNA

E. tRNA

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. a spheroplast

B. acid fast

C. gram-negative

D. gram-positive

E. found in archaea

Question #48

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A. cilia

B. flagella

C. fimbriae

D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E. sex pili

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Clostridium

B. Sporosarcina

C. Staphylococcus

D. Bacillus

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. peritrichous

B. lophotrichous

C. monotrichous

D. amphitrichous

E. atrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. capsule

B. LPS

C. slime layer

D. fimbriae

E. inclusions

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. cannot be passed between organisms

B. are essential for growth and metabolism

C. cannot be passed on to progeny

D. are found in all bacteria

E. are often the site of pathogenic genes

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. Capsule

C. Slime layer

D. Cell membrane

E. Fimbriae

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. sex pili

B. cilia

C. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D. fimbriae

E. flagella

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Coccus

B. Tetrad

C. Vibrio

D. Rod

E. Spirochete

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

C. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

D. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleoplasm

B. chromatin

C. nucleosome

D. nuclear envelope

E. nucleolus

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. microtubules

B. cilia

C. filaments

D. None of the choices are correct.

E. flagella

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

C. provides support

D. anchors organelles

E. helps maintain cell shape

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. endospore

B. cyst

C. seed

D. trophozoite

E. sporozoa

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. endoplasmic reticulum

B. Golgi apparatus

C. mitochondria

D. chloroplast

E. lysosome

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. are long, whiplike structures

B. are used for cell motility

C. facilitate chemotaxis

D. contain microtubules

E. facilitate phototaxis

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

B. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

C. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

D. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. nucleolus

C. lysosome

D. ribosome

E. nucleus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. parasites

B. nonseptate

C. dimorphic

D. substrates

E. saprobes

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. dimorphic

B. pseudohyphae

C. spores

D. saprobes

E. parasites

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Protozoa and Animals

B. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

C. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. proteins of the cytoskeleton

B. found in polyribosomes

C. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

E. enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

B. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

C. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

D. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

E. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. septa

B. pseudohyphae

C. dimorphic

D. molds

E. mycelium

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. oocyst

B. sporozoite

C. food vacuole

D. cyst

E. trophozoite

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. heterotrophic nutrition

B. formation of a cyst stage

C. cell wall

D. ectoplasm and endoplasm

E. motility

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Photosynthetic

B. Have cell walls

C. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

D. Heterotrophic nutrition

E. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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