East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Francesco Redi

B. Joseph Lister

C. Robert Koch

D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

E. Louis Pasteur

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. starch

B. cholesterol

C. triglyceride

D. wax

E. phospholipid

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. cause human disease

B. can only be found growing in laboratories

C. lack a cell nucleus

D. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

E. are infectious particles

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

B. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

C. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

D. microbes are found on dust particles

E. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. decomposers

B. pathogens

C. eukaryotes

D. fermenters

E. prokaryotes

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. taxonomy

B. immunology

C. epidemiology

D. genetic engineering

E. bioremediation

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. prokaryotes

B. eukaryotes

C. pathogens

D. fermenters

E. decomposers

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Helminths

B. Parasites

C. Bacteria

D. Viruses

E. Fungi

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. kingdom, domain,phylum

B. class, phylum,order

C. genus, species,family

D. family, order,class

E. family, genus,species

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. diarrheal diseases

B. respiratory diseases

C. AIDS-related diseases

D. malaria diseases

E. measles

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. classification

B. nomenclature

C. taxa

D. common name

E. identification

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

B. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C. Bacteria are larger than viruses

D. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. nitrogen

B. oxygen

C. carbon

D. phosphorous

E. hydrogen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. bacteria

B. parasitic worms

C. protozoa

D. molds

E. infectious particles

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. recombinant DNA

B. bioremediation

C. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

D. determining evolutionary relatedness

E. nomenclature

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

D. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. bright field

B. dark field

C. phase contrast

D. electron

E. fluorescence

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. mold

B. green plant

C. fungus

D. algae

E. euglena

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. EMB

B. Transport

C. Blood

D. Thioglycollate

E. General purpose

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Fluorescence

B. Bright field

C. Electron

D. Dark field

E. Phase contrast

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. complex

B. synthetic

C. minimal

D. reducing

E. enriched

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Is solid at room temperature

B. Has flexibility

C. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

D. Is digested by most microbes

E. Holds moisture

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The culturemedium must be selective.

B. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

C. The culture iscontaminated.

D. The culturemedium must be differential.

E. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. negative stain

B. Gram stain

C. flagellar stain

D. hanging drop

E. fixed stained smear

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Phase contrast

B. Fluorescence

C. Scanning electron

D. Differential interference contrast

E. Transmission electron

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. simple staining

B. negative staining

C. using the acid-fast stain

D. capsule staining

E. using an acidic dye

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

D. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. None of the choices are correct.

B. All of thechoices are correct.

C. Magnification

D. Refraction

E. Resolving power

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enumeration

B. Enriched

C. Reducing

D. Selective

E. Differential

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. trypticase soy agar

B. a reducing medium

C. mannitol salt agar

D. blood agar

E. MacConkey medium

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

B. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

C. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

D. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E. it is a type of compound microscope

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Petri dish

B. Swab

C. Needle

D. Pipette

E. Loop

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Ocular lens

B. Condenser

C. Objective lens

D. Body

E. Nosepiece

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. microaerophilic

B. fastidious

C. anaerobic

D. aerobic

E. autotrophic

Question #39

A. outer membrane

B. hook

C. sheath

D. basal body

E. filament

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

B. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

C. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

D. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

E. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. inclusions

B. capsules

C. cell walls

D. cell membranes

E. slime layers

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

B. living structures

C. resistant to destruction by radiation

D. All of the choices are correct.

E. metabolically inactive

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. gram-positive organisms

B. gram-negative organisms

C. archaea

D. cyanobacteria

E. mycoplasmas

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

B. gram-negative

C. gram-positive

D. both gram-positive and -negative

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. All of thechoices are correct.

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

D. None of thechoices is correct.

E. mRNA

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. a spheroplast

B. found in archaea

C. acid fast

D. gram-positive

E. gram-negative

Question #48

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A. sex pili

B. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C. cilia

D. fimbriae

E. flagella

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Bacillus

B. Staphylococcus

C. Clostridium

D. All of thechoices are correct.

E. Sporosarcina

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. lophotrichous

B. atrichous

C. amphitrichous

D. peritrichous

E. monotrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. slime layer

B. LPS

C. inclusions

D. capsule

E. fimbriae

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are essential for growth and metabolism

B. are often the site of pathogenic genes

C. cannot be passed between organisms

D. are found in all bacteria

E. cannot be passed on to progeny

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Cell membrane

B. Fimbriae

C. Slime layer

D. Capsule

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. fimbriae

B. flagella

C. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D. cilia

E. sex pili

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Coccus

B. Tetrad

C. Vibrio

D. Rod

E. Spirochete

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. chromatin

B. nucleolus

C. nucleoplasm

D. nucleosome

E. nuclear envelope

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. microtubules

B. cilia

C. flagella

D. filaments

E. None of the choices are correct.

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. helps maintain cell shape

B. provides support

C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

D. All of the choices are correct.

E. anchors organelles

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. cyst

B. endospore

C. seed

D. trophozoite

E. sporozoa

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. lysosome

C. mitochondria

D. chloroplast

E. endoplasmic reticulum

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. are long, whiplike structures

B. facilitate chemotaxis

C. are used for cell motility

D. contain microtubules

E. facilitate phototaxis

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. nucleus

B. lysosome

C. ribosome

D. Golgi apparatus

E. nucleolus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. saprobes

B. parasites

C. substrates

D. nonseptate

E. dimorphic

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. dimorphic

B. saprobes

C. pseudohyphae

D. parasites

E. spores

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B. Protozoa and Animals

C. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

D. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. found in polyribosomes

B. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

C. proteins of the cytoskeleton

D. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

E. enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

B. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

C. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

D. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

E. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. molds

B. pseudohyphae

C. dimorphic

D. septa

E. mycelium

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. cyst

B. trophozoite

C. oocyst

D. sporozoite

E. food vacuole

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. heterotrophic nutrition

B. motility

C. formation of a cyst stage

D. cell wall

E. ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Photosynthetic

B. Heterotrophic nutrition

C. Have cell walls

D. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

E. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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