Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C.
Robert Koch
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Joseph Lister
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
phospholipid
B.
starch
C.
wax
D.
triglyceride
E.
cholesterol
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
are infectious particles
B.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
C.
cause human disease
D.
can only be found growing in laboratories
E.
lack a cell nucleus
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
microbes are found on dust particles
B.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
C.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
D.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
E.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
eukaryotes
B.
pathogens
C.
prokaryotes
D.
decomposers
E.
fermenters
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
epidemiology
B.
genetic engineering
C.
bioremediation
D.
taxonomy
E.
immunology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
pathogens
C.
prokaryotes
D.
eukaryotes
E.
fermenters
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Helminths
B.
Viruses
C.
Parasites
D.
Fungi
E.
Bacteria
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, order,class
B.
kingdom, domain,phylum
C.
genus, species,family
D.
family, genus,species
E.
class, phylum,order
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
respiratory diseases
B.
measles
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
malaria diseases
E.
diarrheal diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
classification
B.
nomenclature
C.
identification
D.
common name
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
B.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
C.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
D.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
phosphorous
B.
oxygen
C.
nitrogen
D.
carbon
E.
hydrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
parasitic worms
B.
protozoa
C.
molds
D.
bacteria
E.
infectious particles
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
determining evolutionary relatedness
B.
bioremediation
C.
nomenclature
D.
recombinant DNA
E.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
phase contrast
B.
fluorescence
C.
bright field
D.
electron
E.
dark field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
fungus
B.
mold
C.
euglena
D.
algae
E.
green plant
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
General purpose
B.
Blood
C.
Transport
D.
EMB
E.
Thioglycollate
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Electron
C.
Bright field
D.
Dark field
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
minimal
B.
enriched
C.
reducing
D.
complex
E.
synthetic
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is solid at room temperature
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Has flexibility
D.
Is digested by most microbes
E.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture iscontaminated.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
E.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
fixed stained smear
B.
hanging drop
C.
Gram stain
D.
flagellar stain
E.
negative stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Scanning electron
C.
Transmission electron
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Differential interference contrast
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
simple staining
B.
using the acid-fast stain
C.
capsule staining
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
negative staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Resolving power
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
Magnification
D.
Refraction
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Differential
B.
Reducing
C.
Enumeration
D.
Selective
E.
Enriched
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
MacConkey medium
B.
trypticase soy agar
C.
blood agar
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
a reducing medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
B.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
C.
it is a type of compound microscope
D.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
E.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Loop
C.
Swab
D.
Needle
E.
Petri dish
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Condenser
B.
Ocular lens
C.
Nosepiece
D.
Body
E.
Objective lens
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
microaerophilic
C.
autotrophic
D.
anaerobic
E.
fastidious
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
filament
B.
basal body
C.
outer membrane
D.
sheath
E.
hook
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
B.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
C.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
D.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
E.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell walls
B.
capsules
C.
cell membranes
D.
inclusions
E.
slime layers
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
living structures
C.
resistant to destruction by radiation
D.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
E.
metabolically inactive
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
cyanobacteria
D.
mycoplasmas
E.
archaea
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
B.
both gram-positive and -negative
C.
gram-negative
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
tRNA
B.
mRNA
C.
None of thechoices is correct.
D.
rRNA
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
gram-negative
B.
acid fast
C.
gram-positive
D.
a spheroplast
E.
found in archaea
Question #48
A.
sex pili
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
cilia
D.
fimbriae
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
Sporosarcina
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Clostridium
E.
Staphylococcus
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
peritrichous
B.
amphitrichous
C.
atrichous
D.
lophotrichous
E.
monotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
fimbriae
C.
capsule
D.
LPS
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are essential for growth and metabolism
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
cannot be passed between organisms
D.
are found in all bacteria
E.
cannot be passed on to progeny
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Slime layer
B.
Cell membrane
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Fimbriae
E.
Capsule
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
cilia
C.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.
flagella
E.
sex pili
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Tetrad
B.
Spirochete
C.
Rod
D.
Vibrio
E.
Coccus
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
D.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleolus
B.
nucleoplasm
C.
nuclear envelope
D.
chromatin
E.
nucleosome
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
cilia
C.
microtubules
D.
flagella
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
provides support
B.
anchors organelles
C.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
helps maintain cell shape
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
seed
C.
cyst
D.
endospore
E.
sporozoa
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
mitochondria
C.
lysosome
D.
chloroplast
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
contain microtubules
B.
are used for cell motility
C.
are long, whiplike structures
D.
facilitate chemotaxis
E.
facilitate phototaxis
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
C.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
ribosome
C.
nucleolus
D.
lysosome
E.
nucleus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
parasites
C.
substrates
D.
saprobes
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
saprobes
C.
parasites
D.
spores
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
C.
Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
C.
found in polyribosomes
D.
enzymes found in lysosomes
E.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
B.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
C.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
D.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
E.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
molds
C.
mycelium
D.
dimorphic
E.
septa
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
sporozoite
B.
trophozoite
C.
oocyst
D.
cyst
E.
food vacuole
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
formation of a cyst stage
B.
motility
C.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
D.
cell wall
E.
heterotrophic nutrition
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Heterotrophic nutrition
C.
Have cell walls
D.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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