Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Joseph Lister
B.
Robert Koch
C.
Francesco Redi
D.
Louis Pasteur
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
triglyceride
B.
phospholipid
C.
cholesterol
D.
starch
E.
wax
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
can only be found growing in laboratories
B.
lack a cell nucleus
C.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
D.
cause human disease
E.
are infectious particles
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
D.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
E.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
prokaryotes
C.
pathogens
D.
eukaryotes
E.
decomposers
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
immunology
B.
genetic engineering
C.
epidemiology
D.
bioremediation
E.
taxonomy
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
pathogens
C.
fermenters
D.
decomposers
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Bacteria
B.
Viruses
C.
Parasites
D.
Helminths
E.
Fungi
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, order,class
B.
kingdom, domain,phylum
C.
family, genus,species
D.
class, phylum,order
E.
genus, species,family
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
malaria diseases
B.
respiratory diseases
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
measles
E.
diarrheal diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
taxa
B.
identification
C.
classification
D.
common name
E.
nomenclature
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
D.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
phosphorous
B.
oxygen
C.
nitrogen
D.
hydrogen
E.
carbon
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
protozoa
C.
infectious particles
D.
molds
E.
parasitic worms
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
recombinant DNA
B.
bioremediation
C.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
D.
nomenclature
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
dark field
B.
electron
C.
phase contrast
D.
bright field
E.
fluorescence
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
euglena
B.
algae
C.
mold
D.
fungus
E.
green plant
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
EMB
B.
Transport
C.
Thioglycollate
D.
General purpose
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Bright field
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Electron
E.
Dark field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
minimal
B.
complex
C.
synthetic
D.
enriched
E.
reducing
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Has flexibility
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
D.
Is digested by most microbes
E.
Is solid at room temperature
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The culture iscontaminated.
D.
The culturemedium must be differential.
E.
The culturemedium must be selective.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
hanging drop
B.
Gram stain
C.
flagellar stain
D.
negative stain
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Differential interference contrast
B.
Transmission electron
C.
Scanning electron
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Fluorescence
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using an acidic dye
B.
capsule staining
C.
simple staining
D.
negative staining
E.
using the acid-fast stain
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Magnification
B.
Resolving power
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
Refraction
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enumeration
B.
Enriched
C.
Differential
D.
Selective
E.
Reducing
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
mannitol salt agar
B.
MacConkey medium
C.
a reducing medium
D.
trypticase soy agar
E.
blood agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is a type of compound microscope
B.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
C.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
D.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
E.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Petri dish
C.
Needle
D.
Swab
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Ocular lens
B.
Body
C.
Nosepiece
D.
Objective lens
E.
Condenser
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
fastidious
B.
microaerophilic
C.
aerobic
D.
autotrophic
E.
anaerobic
Question #39
A.
filament
B.
hook
C.
outer membrane
D.
basal body
E.
sheath
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
B.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
C.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
E.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell walls
B.
capsules
C.
slime layers
D.
inclusions
E.
cell membranes
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
metabolically inactive
C.
resistant to destruction by radiation
D.
living structures
E.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
mycoplasmas
D.
archaea
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
both gram-positive and -negative
B.
C.
gram-negative
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
rRNA
B.
mRNA
C.
None of thechoices is correct.
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
tRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
gram-positive
C.
gram-negative
D.
a spheroplast
E.
found in archaea
Question #48
A.
fimbriae
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
cilia
D.
sex pili
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
Clostridium
C.
Staphylococcus
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
atrichous
B.
amphitrichous
C.
lophotrichous
D.
monotrichous
E.
peritrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
LPS
B.
slime layer
C.
capsule
D.
inclusions
E.
fimbriae
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed on to progeny
B.
are found in all bacteria
C.
cannot be passed between organisms
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
are essential for growth and metabolism
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Slime layer
C.
Fimbriae
D.
Cell membrane
E.
Capsule
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
sex pili
B.
flagella
C.
cilia
D.
fimbriae
E.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Tetrad
B.
Coccus
C.
Vibrio
D.
Spirochete
E.
Rod
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
C.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
D.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
chromatin
B.
nuclear envelope
C.
nucleosome
D.
nucleolus
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
microtubules
B.
filaments
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
cilia
E.
flagella
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
B.
anchors organelles
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
provides support
E.
helps maintain cell shape
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
cyst
C.
endospore
D.
sporozoa
E.
seed
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
mitochondria
B.
chloroplast
C.
lysosome
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
endoplasmic reticulum
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are used for cell motility
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
are long, whiplike structures
D.
facilitate chemotaxis
E.
contain microtubules
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
lysosome
C.
nucleus
D.
nucleolus
E.
ribosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
substrates
B.
dimorphic
C.
saprobes
D.
parasites
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
spores
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
dimorphic
E.
saprobes
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
B.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
B.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
enzymes found in lysosomes
D.
found in polyribosomes
E.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
B.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
C.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
D.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
E.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
mycelium
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
dimorphic
D.
septa
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
oocyst
B.
cyst
C.
sporozoite
D.
food vacuole
E.
trophozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
B.
motility
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
cell wall
E.
heterotrophic nutrition
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Heterotrophic nutrition
B.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
C.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
D.
Photosynthetic
E.
Have cell walls
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