Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C.
Joseph Lister
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Robert Koch
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
phospholipid
B.
triglyceride
C.
cholesterol
D.
wax
E.
starch
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
lack a cell nucleus
B.
can only be found growing in laboratories
C.
are infectious particles
D.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
E.
cause human disease
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
D.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
E.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
eukaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
prokaryotes
E.
decomposers
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
bioremediation
C.
epidemiology
D.
taxonomy
E.
immunology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
decomposers
C.
prokaryotes
D.
pathogens
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Fungi
B.
Viruses
C.
Bacteria
D.
Helminths
E.
Parasites
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
class, phylum,order
B.
genus, species,family
C.
family, genus,species
D.
kingdom, domain,phylum
E.
family, order,class
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
diarrheal diseases
D.
respiratory diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
nomenclature
B.
taxa
C.
common name
D.
classification
E.
identification
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
C.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
D.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
carbon
B.
phosphorous
C.
nitrogen
D.
oxygen
E.
hydrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
protozoa
B.
molds
C.
bacteria
D.
parasitic worms
E.
infectious particles
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
bioremediation
B.
nomenclature
C.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
D.
recombinant DNA
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
electron
B.
fluorescence
C.
phase contrast
D.
dark field
E.
bright field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
green plant
C.
euglena
D.
algae
E.
fungus
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Transport
B.
EMB
C.
General purpose
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Bright field
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Electron
E.
Dark field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
reducing
B.
synthetic
C.
enriched
D.
minimal
E.
complex
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Has flexibility
B.
Is digested by most microbes
C.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
D.
Holds moisture
E.
Is solid at room temperature
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture iscontaminated.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
E.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
flagellar stain
B.
Gram stain
C.
hanging drop
D.
negative stain
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Scanning electron
D.
Differential interference contrast
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
negative staining
B.
using an acidic dye
C.
using the acid-fast stain
D.
simple staining
E.
capsule staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Refraction
B.
Resolving power
C.
Magnification
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enumeration
B.
Enriched
C.
Differential
D.
Selective
E.
Reducing
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
blood agar
B.
a reducing medium
C.
MacConkey medium
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
trypticase soy agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
B.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
C.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
D.
it is a type of compound microscope
E.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Needle
B.
Swab
C.
Loop
D.
Petri dish
E.
Pipette
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Nosepiece
B.
Body
C.
Condenser
D.
Ocular lens
E.
Objective lens
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
microaerophilic
B.
autotrophic
C.
anaerobic
D.
fastidious
E.
aerobic
Question #39
A.
filament
B.
hook
C.
outer membrane
D.
basal body
E.
sheath
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
B.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
C.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
D.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
E.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
slime layers
B.
cell membranes
C.
capsules
D.
cell walls
E.
inclusions
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
metabolically inactive
B.
living structures
C.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-negative organisms
B.
mycoplasmas
C.
archaea
D.
gram-positive organisms
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-positive
B.
gram-negative
C.
both gram-positive and -negative
D.
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
None of thechoices is correct.
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
rRNA
D.
mRNA
E.
tRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
a spheroplast
B.
gram-positive
C.
found in archaea
D.
acid fast
E.
gram-negative
Question #48
A.
sex pili
B.
fimbriae
C.
cilia
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
Bacillus
C.
Staphylococcus
D.
Clostridium
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
amphitrichous
B.
atrichous
C.
peritrichous
D.
monotrichous
E.
lophotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
slime layer
B.
inclusions
C.
fimbriae
D.
capsule
E.
LPS
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are found in all bacteria
B.
cannot be passed between organisms
C.
are essential for growth and metabolism
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
cannot be passed on to progeny
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Cell membrane
C.
Slime layer
D.
Capsule
E.
Fimbriae
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
sex pili
C.
cilia
D.
flagella
E.
fimbriae
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Tetrad
B.
Vibrio
C.
Spirochete
D.
Rod
E.
Coccus
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
D.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
chromatin
B.
nuclear envelope
C.
nucleosome
D.
nucleoplasm
E.
nucleolus
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
filaments
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
microtubules
D.
flagella
E.
cilia
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
helps maintain cell shape
B.
anchors organelles
C.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
provides support
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
seed
B.
cyst
C.
trophozoite
D.
sporozoa
E.
endospore
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
chloroplast
B.
mitochondria
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
lysosome
E.
endoplasmic reticulum
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are long, whiplike structures
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
facilitate chemotaxis
D.
contain microtubules
E.
are used for cell motility
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleus
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
lysosome
D.
nucleolus
E.
ribosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
nonseptate
C.
substrates
D.
saprobes
E.
parasites
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
spores
D.
saprobes
E.
parasites
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
found in polyribosomes
C.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
D.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E.
enzymes found in lysosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
B.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
C.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
D.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
E.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
septa
B.
molds
C.
dimorphic
D.
mycelium
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
food vacuole
C.
sporozoite
D.
oocyst
E.
cyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
formation of a cyst stage
B.
heterotrophic nutrition
C.
motility
D.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
E.
cell wall
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Heterotrophic nutrition
B.
Photosynthetic
C.
Have cell walls
D.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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