Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Francesco Redi
C.
Robert Koch
D.
Joseph Lister
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
phospholipid
B.
wax
C.
starch
D.
cholesterol
E.
triglyceride
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
can only be found growing in laboratories
B.
lack a cell nucleus
C.
are infectious particles
D.
cause human disease
E.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
microbes are found on dust particles
B.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
C.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
D.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
E.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
eukaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
prokaryotes
E.
pathogens
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
taxonomy
B.
immunology
C.
genetic engineering
D.
epidemiology
E.
bioremediation
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
eukaryotes
B.
fermenters
C.
decomposers
D.
pathogens
E.
prokaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Fungi
B.
Bacteria
C.
Helminths
D.
Parasites
E.
Viruses
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
kingdom, domain,phylum
B.
family, genus,species
C.
class, phylum,order
D.
genus, species,family
E.
family, order,class
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
measles
D.
diarrheal diseases
E.
respiratory diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
nomenclature
B.
common name
C.
identification
D.
classification
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
D.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
nitrogen
B.
carbon
C.
hydrogen
D.
phosphorous
E.
oxygen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
parasitic worms
B.
protozoa
C.
molds
D.
bacteria
E.
infectious particles
Question #18
A.
determining evolutionary relatedness
B.
nomenclature
C.
recombinant DNA
D.
bioremediation
E.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
dark field
B.
electron
C.
bright field
D.
fluorescence
E.
phase contrast
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
green plant
B.
euglena
C.
algae
D.
fungus
E.
mold
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
General purpose
B.
Blood
C.
Transport
D.
EMB
E.
Thioglycollate
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Dark field
C.
Bright field
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Electron
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
reducing
C.
complex
D.
minimal
E.
synthetic
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Holds moisture
B.
Is digested by most microbes
C.
Has flexibility
D.
Is solid at room temperature
E.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture iscontaminated.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
D.
The culturemedium must be selective.
E.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
fixed stained smear
B.
flagellar stain
C.
hanging drop
D.
Gram stain
E.
negative stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Scanning electron
C.
Phase contrast
D.
Differential interference contrast
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
simple staining
B.
capsule staining
C.
using the acid-fast stain
D.
negative staining
E.
using an acidic dye
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
D.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Magnification
B.
Resolving power
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Refraction
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Reducing
B.
Enumeration
C.
Selective
D.
Differential
E.
Enriched
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
a reducing medium
B.
trypticase soy agar
C.
MacConkey medium
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
blood agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
B.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
C.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
D.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
E.
it is a type of compound microscope
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Swab
B.
Petri dish
C.
Pipette
D.
Needle
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Nosepiece
B.
Condenser
C.
Body
D.
Objective lens
E.
Ocular lens
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
anaerobic
B.
aerobic
C.
fastidious
D.
autotrophic
E.
microaerophilic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
filament
B.
hook
C.
sheath
D.
basal body
E.
outer membrane
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
C.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
capsules
B.
slime layers
C.
inclusions
D.
cell walls
E.
cell membranes
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
living structures
B.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C.
resistant to destruction by radiation
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
metabolically inactive
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
mycoplasmas
B.
cyanobacteria
C.
gram-positive organisms
D.
archaea
E.
gram-negative organisms
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
both gram-positive and -negative
C.
gram-positive
D.
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
None of thechoices is correct.
B.
mRNA
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
rRNA
E.
tRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
gram-negative
C.
found in archaea
D.
a spheroplast
E.
gram-positive
Question #48
A.
sex pili
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
fimbriae
D.
cilia
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Staphylococcus
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
Clostridium
D.
Bacillus
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
lophotrichous
B.
atrichous
C.
amphitrichous
D.
monotrichous
E.
peritrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
fimbriae
C.
capsule
D.
slime layer
E.
LPS
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed between organisms
B.
cannot be passed on to progeny
C.
are essential for growth and metabolism
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
are found in all bacteria
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Fimbriae
B.
Slime layer
C.
Capsule
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Cell membrane
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
flagella
B.
sex pili
C.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.
cilia
E.
fimbriae
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Tetrad
B.
Vibrio
C.
Coccus
D.
Rod
E.
Spirochete
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
nuclear envelope
C.
chromatin
D.
nucleolus
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
cilia
C.
flagella
D.
microtubules
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
helps maintain cell shape
B.
anchors organelles
C.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D.
provides support
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
sporozoa
B.
endospore
C.
cyst
D.
seed
E.
trophozoite
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
chloroplast
D.
mitochondria
E.
lysosome
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are used for cell motility
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
facilitate chemotaxis
D.
contain microtubules
E.
are long, whiplike structures
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleus
B.
lysosome
C.
nucleolus
D.
ribosome
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
substrates
C.
nonseptate
D.
saprobes
E.
dimorphic
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
dimorphic
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
saprobes
E.
parasites
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
B.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
C.
enzymes found in lysosomes
D.
found in polyribosomes
E.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
B.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
C.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
D.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
E.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
mycelium
C.
septa
D.
dimorphic
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
food vacuole
B.
oocyst
C.
cyst
D.
trophozoite
E.
sporozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
heterotrophic nutrition
B.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
C.
motility
D.
formation of a cyst stage
E.
cell wall
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Heterotrophic nutrition
B.
Have cell walls
C.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
D.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
E.
Photosynthetic
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