Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Robert Koch
B.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C.
Francesco Redi
D.
Joseph Lister
E.
Louis Pasteur
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
phospholipid
B.
wax
C.
cholesterol
D.
triglyceride
E.
starch
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
lack a cell nucleus
B.
cause human disease
C.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
D.
are infectious particles
E.
can only be found growing in laboratories
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
B.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
C.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
D.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
E.
microbes are found on dust particles
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
eukaryotes
C.
prokaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
pathogens
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
immunology
C.
bioremediation
D.
epidemiology
E.
taxonomy
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
pathogens
C.
eukaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
decomposers
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Fungi
B.
Helminths
C.
Parasites
D.
Viruses
E.
Bacteria
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, genus,species
B.
genus, species,family
C.
family, order,class
D.
kingdom, domain,phylum
E.
class, phylum,order
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
respiratory diseases
B.
AIDS-related diseases
C.
diarrheal diseases
D.
malaria diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
classification
B.
identification
C.
common name
D.
taxa
E.
nomenclature
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
D.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
oxygen
B.
hydrogen
C.
carbon
D.
nitrogen
E.
phosphorous
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
parasitic worms
C.
molds
D.
protozoa
E.
infectious particles
Question #18
A.
bioremediation
B.
nomenclature
C.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
D.
recombinant DNA
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
fluorescence
B.
phase contrast
C.
dark field
D.
bright field
E.
electron
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
green plant
B.
euglena
C.
algae
D.
mold
E.
fungus
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Thioglycollate
B.
Blood
C.
Transport
D.
EMB
E.
General purpose
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Electron
B.
Bright field
C.
Phase contrast
D.
Fluorescence
E.
Dark field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
complex
B.
reducing
C.
enriched
D.
minimal
E.
synthetic
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is solid at room temperature
B.
Has flexibility
C.
Is digested by most microbes
D.
Holds moisture
E.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The culturemedium must be differential.
D.
The culture iscontaminated.
E.
The culturemedium must be selective.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
hanging drop
B.
flagellar stain
C.
fixed stained smear
D.
negative stain
E.
Gram stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Differential interference contrast
B.
Scanning electron
C.
Transmission electron
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Fluorescence
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
simple staining
B.
using an acidic dye
C.
negative staining
D.
capsule staining
E.
using the acid-fast stain
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
Refraction
C.
Resolving power
D.
Magnification
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enriched
B.
Reducing
C.
Enumeration
D.
Differential
E.
Selective
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
MacConkey medium
B.
a reducing medium
C.
trypticase soy agar
D.
blood agar
E.
mannitol salt agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is a type of compound microscope
B.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
C.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
D.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
E.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Loop
C.
Needle
D.
Swab
E.
Petri dish
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Objective lens
B.
Body
C.
Nosepiece
D.
Ocular lens
E.
Condenser
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
autotrophic
B.
aerobic
C.
fastidious
D.
anaerobic
E.
microaerophilic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
filament
B.
hook
C.
basal body
D.
sheath
E.
outer membrane
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
B.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
C.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
D.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
E.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
slime layers
B.
cell walls
C.
capsules
D.
inclusions
E.
cell membranes
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
metabolically inactive
B.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C.
living structures
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
resistant to destruction by radiation
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
mycoplasmas
B.
gram-positive organisms
C.
archaea
D.
cyanobacteria
E.
gram-negative organisms
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
both gram-positive and -negative
C.
gram-positive
D.
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
mRNA
C.
None of thechoices is correct.
D.
tRNA
E.
rRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
a spheroplast
B.
gram-negative
C.
gram-positive
D.
acid fast
E.
found in archaea
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
sex pili
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
cilia
D.
fimbriae
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
Clostridium
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Staphylococcus
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
atrichous
B.
peritrichous
C.
lophotrichous
D.
monotrichous
E.
amphitrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
slime layer
C.
inclusions
D.
capsule
E.
LPS
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are essential for growth and metabolism
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
cannot be passed on to progeny
D.
cannot be passed between organisms
E.
are found in all bacteria
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Slime layer
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Cell membrane
D.
Fimbriae
E.
Capsule
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
cilia
B.
fimbriae
C.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.
flagella
E.
sex pili
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Coccus
C.
Rod
D.
Spirochete
E.
Tetrad
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
D.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
nucleolus
C.
chromatin
D.
nuclear envelope
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
flagella
B.
filaments
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
microtubules
E.
cilia
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
helps maintain cell shape
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
provides support
D.
anchors organelles
E.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
cyst
C.
sporozoa
D.
endospore
E.
seed
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
lysosome
B.
mitochondria
C.
chloroplast
D.
endoplasmic reticulum
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are used for cell motility
B.
facilitate chemotaxis
C.
facilitate phototaxis
D.
are long, whiplike structures
E.
contain microtubules
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
C.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
ribosome
B.
nucleus
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
lysosome
E.
nucleolus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
substrates
B.
nonseptate
C.
dimorphic
D.
parasites
E.
saprobes
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
spores
D.
saprobes
E.
dimorphic
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
B.
Protozoa and Animals
C.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
B.
enzymes found in lysosomes
C.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
D.
found in polyribosomes
E.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
B.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
C.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
D.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
E.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
molds
C.
mycelium
D.
pseudohyphae
E.
septa
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
sporozoite
B.
cyst
C.
oocyst
D.
trophozoite
E.
food vacuole
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
formation of a cyst stage
B.
heterotrophic nutrition
C.
cell wall
D.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
E.
motility
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Heterotrophic nutrition
C.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Have cell walls
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