East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Louis Pasteur

B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C. Francesco Redi

D. Robert Koch

E. Joseph Lister

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. starch

B. triglyceride

C. phospholipid

D. cholesterol

E. wax

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. cause human disease

B. lack a cell nucleus

C. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

D. are infectious particles

E. can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

C. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

D. microbes are found on dust particles

E. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. pathogens

B. decomposers

C. fermenters

D. prokaryotes

E. eukaryotes

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. taxonomy

B. genetic engineering

C. bioremediation

D. epidemiology

E. immunology

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. decomposers

B. eukaryotes

C. fermenters

D. pathogens

E. prokaryotes

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Fungi

B. Helminths

C. Parasites

D. Bacteria

E. Viruses

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. class, phylum,order

B. family, genus,species

C. genus, species,family

D. kingdom, domain,phylum

E. family, order,class

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. measles

B. respiratory diseases

C. diarrheal diseases

D. AIDS-related diseases

E. malaria diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. nomenclature

B. identification

C. classification

D. taxa

E. common name

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

B. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C. Bacteria are larger than viruses

D. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. carbon

B. nitrogen

C. phosphorous

D. oxygen

E. hydrogen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. protozoa

B. parasitic worms

C. molds

D. bacteria

E. infectious particles

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. bioremediation

B. nomenclature

C. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

D. recombinant DNA

E. determining evolutionary relatedness

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

C. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

D. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. fluorescence

B. electron

C. bright field

D. dark field

E. phase contrast

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. fungus

B. mold

C. algae

D. green plant

E. euglena

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. General purpose

B. Blood

C. Transport

D. Thioglycollate

E. EMB

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Phase contrast

B. Electron

C. Dark field

D. Bright field

E. Fluorescence

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. enriched

B. synthetic

C. complex

D. minimal

E. reducing

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Is solid at room temperature

B. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

C. Is digested by most microbes

D. Holds moisture

E. Has flexibility

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The culture iscontaminated.

B. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

C. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

D. The culturemedium must be selective.

E. The culturemedium must be differential.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. negative stain

B. Gram stain

C. flagellar stain

D. hanging drop

E. fixed stained smear

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Fluorescence

B. Scanning electron

C. Differential interference contrast

D. Transmission electron

E. Phase contrast

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. negative staining

B. simple staining

C. capsule staining

D. using an acidic dye

E. using the acid-fast stain

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. All of thechoices are correct.

B. None of the choices are correct.

C. Resolving power

D. Magnification

E. Refraction

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enriched

B. Reducing

C. Enumeration

D. Selective

E. Differential

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. a reducing medium

B. blood agar

C. trypticase soy agar

D. MacConkey medium

E. mannitol salt agar

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

B. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

C. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

D. it is a type of compound microscope

E. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Loop

B. Needle

C. Petri dish

D. Pipette

E. Swab

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Nosepiece

B. Ocular lens

C. Objective lens

D. Body

E. Condenser

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. fastidious

B. autotrophic

C. aerobic

D. anaerobic

E. microaerophilic

Question #39

A. filament

B. hook

C. outer membrane

D. sheath

E. basal body

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

B. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

C. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

D. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

E. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. inclusions

B. cell membranes

C. slime layers

D. capsules

E. cell walls

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. resistant to destruction by radiation

C. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

D. metabolically inactive

E. living structures

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. gram-negative organisms

B. cyanobacteria

C. mycoplasmas

D. gram-positive organisms

E. archaea

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. gram-positive

C. gram-negative

D. both gram-positive and -negative

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. rRNA

B. tRNA

C. None of thechoices is correct.

D. mRNA

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. gram-negative

B. acid fast

C. a spheroplast

D. found in archaea

E. gram-positive

Question #48

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B. sex pili

C. cilia

D. flagella

E. fimbriae

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Bacillus

B. Staphylococcus

C. Clostridium

D. Sporosarcina

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. lophotrichous

B. peritrichous

C. monotrichous

D. atrichous

E. amphitrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. fimbriae

B. inclusions

C. capsule

D. LPS

E. slime layer

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are found in all bacteria

B. are often the site of pathogenic genes

C. are essential for growth and metabolism

D. cannot be passed on to progeny

E. cannot be passed between organisms

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Capsule

B. Cell membrane

C. Fimbriae

D. All of the choices are correct.

E. Slime layer

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. cilia

B. fimbriae

C. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D. flagella

E. sex pili

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Vibrio

B. Rod

C. Tetrad

D. Coccus

E. Spirochete

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

C. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleolus

B. nuclear envelope

C. nucleoplasm

D. nucleosome

E. chromatin

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. filaments

B. flagella

C. None of the choices are correct.

D. microtubules

E. cilia

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. helps maintain cell shape

C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

D. anchors organelles

E. provides support

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. cyst

B. endospore

C. trophozoite

D. seed

E. sporozoa

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. mitochondria

B. chloroplast

C. Golgi apparatus

D. lysosome

E. endoplasmic reticulum

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. are used for cell motility

B. facilitate phototaxis

C. facilitate chemotaxis

D. are long, whiplike structures

E. contain microtubules

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

B. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

C. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. lysosome

C. nucleolus

D. ribosome

E. nucleus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. substrates

B. saprobes

C. parasites

D. nonseptate

E. dimorphic

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. dimorphic

B. pseudohyphae

C. parasites

D. spores

E. saprobes

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B. Protozoa and Animals

C. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

D. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. proteins of the cytoskeleton

B. found in polyribosomes

C. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

E. enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

B. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

C. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

D. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. dimorphic

B. septa

C. mycelium

D. molds

E. pseudohyphae

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. trophozoite

B. sporozoite

C. food vacuole

D. oocyst

E. cyst

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. cell wall

B. ectoplasm and endoplasm

C. heterotrophic nutrition

D. motility

E. formation of a cyst stage

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Photosynthetic

B. Heterotrophic nutrition

C. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

D. Have cell walls

E. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

Need help with your exam preparation?

Need help with your exam preparation?