Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Francesco Redi
B.
Robert Koch
C.
Louis Pasteur
D.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
E.
Joseph Lister
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
cholesterol
B.
phospholipid
C.
wax
D.
starch
E.
triglyceride
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
B.
cause human disease
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
are infectious particles
E.
can only be found growing in laboratories
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
D.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
E.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
decomposers
C.
eukaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
prokaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
taxonomy
B.
genetic engineering
C.
immunology
D.
bioremediation
E.
epidemiology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
pathogens
C.
fermenters
D.
prokaryotes
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Fungi
B.
Parasites
C.
Helminths
D.
Viruses
E.
Bacteria
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
genus, species,family
B.
kingdom, domain,phylum
C.
family, genus,species
D.
class, phylum,order
E.
family, order,class
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
respiratory diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
diarrheal diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
identification
B.
nomenclature
C.
classification
D.
taxa
E.
common name
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
B.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
C.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
oxygen
B.
hydrogen
C.
carbon
D.
nitrogen
E.
phosphorous
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
parasitic worms
B.
protozoa
C.
bacteria
D.
infectious particles
E.
molds
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
bioremediation
B.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
C.
recombinant DNA
D.
determining evolutionary relatedness
E.
nomenclature
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
C.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
bright field
B.
electron
C.
fluorescence
D.
phase contrast
E.
dark field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
fungus
C.
green plant
D.
euglena
E.
algae
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Transport
B.
General purpose
C.
EMB
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Electron
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Bright field
D.
Fluorescence
E.
Dark field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
synthetic
B.
minimal
C.
reducing
D.
complex
E.
enriched
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is solid at room temperature
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Has flexibility
D.
Is digested by most microbes
E.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture iscontaminated.
B.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
The culturemedium must be differential.
E.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
hanging drop
B.
fixed stained smear
C.
Gram stain
D.
negative stain
E.
flagellar stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Differential interference contrast
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Phase contrast
D.
Scanning electron
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using the acid-fast stain
B.
using an acidic dye
C.
simple staining
D.
negative staining
E.
capsule staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Refraction
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
Resolving power
D.
Magnification
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enumeration
B.
Differential
C.
Selective
D.
Enriched
E.
Reducing
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
blood agar
B.
MacConkey medium
C.
trypticase soy agar
D.
a reducing medium
E.
mannitol salt agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
B.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
C.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
D.
it is a type of compound microscope
E.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Loop
B.
Pipette
C.
Swab
D.
Needle
E.
Petri dish
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Condenser
B.
Nosepiece
C.
Ocular lens
D.
Body
E.
Objective lens
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
microaerophilic
B.
fastidious
C.
autotrophic
D.
anaerobic
E.
aerobic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
filament
B.
basal body
C.
hook
D.
outer membrane
E.
sheath
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
C.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
D.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
E.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell walls
B.
inclusions
C.
capsules
D.
cell membranes
E.
slime layers
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
metabolically inactive
D.
living structures
E.
resistant to destruction by radiation
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
archaea
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
gram-positive organisms
D.
mycoplasmas
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
both gram-positive and -negative
B.
C.
gram-negative
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
mRNA
B.
tRNA
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
rRNA
E.
None of thechoices is correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
a spheroplast
B.
acid fast
C.
gram-positive
D.
found in archaea
E.
gram-negative
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
flagella
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
sex pili
D.
cilia
E.
fimbriae
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Clostridium
B.
Staphylococcus
C.
Bacillus
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
monotrichous
B.
atrichous
C.
amphitrichous
D.
peritrichous
E.
lophotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
slime layer
C.
LPS
D.
capsule
E.
fimbriae
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed on to progeny
B.
cannot be passed between organisms
C.
are found in all bacteria
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
are essential for growth and metabolism
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Slime layer
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Cell membrane
D.
Capsule
E.
Fimbriae
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
sex pili
D.
cilia
E.
flagella
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Tetrad
B.
Coccus
C.
Vibrio
D.
Rod
E.
Spirochete
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
D.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleolus
B.
nucleosome
C.
nucleoplasm
D.
chromatin
E.
nuclear envelope
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
filaments
B.
cilia
C.
microtubules
D.
flagella
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
B.
anchors organelles
C.
provides support
D.
helps maintain cell shape
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
endospore
B.
cyst
C.
trophozoite
D.
seed
E.
sporozoa
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
mitochondria
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
lysosome
E.
chloroplast
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
contain microtubules
B.
are used for cell motility
C.
facilitate chemotaxis
D.
facilitate phototaxis
E.
are long, whiplike structures
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
C.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleolus
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
ribosome
D.
nucleus
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
nonseptate
B.
substrates
C.
dimorphic
D.
parasites
E.
saprobes
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
saprobes
C.
parasites
D.
pseudohyphae
E.
spores
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
D.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
enzymes found in lysosomes
C.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
D.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
E.
found in polyribosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
B.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
E.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
septa
C.
molds
D.
dimorphic
E.
mycelium
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
food vacuole
C.
sporozoite
D.
cyst
E.
oocyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
heterotrophic nutrition
B.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
motility
E.
cell wall
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Have cell walls
C.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.
Heterotrophic nutrition
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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