East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Francesco Redi

B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C. Joseph Lister

D. Robert Koch

E. Louis Pasteur

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. cholesterol

B. phospholipid

C. wax

D. triglyceride

E. starch

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. can only be found growing in laboratories

B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

C. lack a cell nucleus

D. cause human disease

E. are infectious particles

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B. microbes are found on dust particles

C. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

D. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

E. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. decomposers

B. fermenters

C. pathogens

D. prokaryotes

E. eukaryotes

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. genetic engineering

B. taxonomy

C. epidemiology

D. bioremediation

E. immunology

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. eukaryotes

B. decomposers

C. prokaryotes

D. fermenters

E. pathogens

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Viruses

B. Fungi

C. Helminths

D. Bacteria

E. Parasites

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. genus, species,family

B. kingdom, domain,phylum

C. family, genus,species

D. class, phylum,order

E. family, order,class

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. measles

B. respiratory diseases

C. malaria diseases

D. AIDS-related diseases

E. diarrheal diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. taxa

B. classification

C. common name

D. nomenclature

E. identification

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

B. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

D. Bacteria are larger than viruses

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #15

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. phosphorous

B. nitrogen

C. oxygen

D. carbon

E. hydrogen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. infectious particles

B. molds

C. bacteria

D. parasitic worms

E. protozoa

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. determining evolutionary relatedness

B. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

C. recombinant DNA

D. nomenclature

E. bioremediation

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

B. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

C. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. dark field

B. electron

C. phase contrast

D. fluorescence

E. bright field

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. fungus

B. euglena

C. green plant

D. mold

E. algae

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. EMB

B. Transport

C. Blood

D. General purpose

E. Thioglycollate

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Phase contrast

B. Dark field

C. Fluorescence

D. Bright field

E. Electron

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. synthetic

B. enriched

C. reducing

D. complex

E. minimal

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Holds moisture

B. Is solid at room temperature

C. Is digested by most microbes

D. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

E. Has flexibility

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The culturemedium must be differential.

B. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

C. The culturemedium must be selective.

D. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

E. The culture iscontaminated.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. Gram stain

B. fixed stained smear

C. negative stain

D. hanging drop

E. flagellar stain

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Transmission electron

B. Phase contrast

C. Fluorescence

D. Scanning electron

E. Differential interference contrast

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. simple staining

B. using an acidic dye

C. using the acid-fast stain

D. negative staining

E. capsule staining

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. All of thechoices are correct.

B. Resolving power

C. None of the choices are correct.

D. Magnification

E. Refraction

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enriched

B. Differential

C. Enumeration

D. Selective

E. Reducing

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. blood agar

B. MacConkey medium

C. a reducing medium

D. mannitol salt agar

E. trypticase soy agar

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it is a type of compound microscope

B. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

C. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

D. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Pipette

B. Loop

C. Petri dish

D. Swab

E. Needle

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Body

B. Objective lens

C. Condenser

D. Ocular lens

E. Nosepiece

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. autotrophic

B. microaerophilic

C. aerobic

D. anaerobic

E. fastidious

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. outer membrane

B. filament

C. sheath

D. basal body

E. hook

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

B. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

C. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

D. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

E. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. cell walls

B. capsules

C. slime layers

D. cell membranes

E. inclusions

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. metabolically inactive

B. living structures

C. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

D. resistant to destruction by radiation

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. cyanobacteria

B. gram-positive organisms

C. mycoplasmas

D. gram-negative organisms

E. archaea

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

B. gram-positive

C. gram-negative

D. both gram-positive and -negative

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. tRNA

B. rRNA

C. mRNA

D. All of thechoices are correct.

E. None of thechoices is correct.

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. a spheroplast

B. found in archaea

C. gram-positive

D. acid fast

E. gram-negative

Question #48

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A. cilia

B. fimbriae

C. sex pili

D. flagella

E. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Staphylococcus

B. Sporosarcina

C. All of thechoices are correct.

D. Bacillus

E. Clostridium

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. peritrichous

B. amphitrichous

C. lophotrichous

D. monotrichous

E. atrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. LPS

B. capsule

C. inclusions

D. fimbriae

E. slime layer

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are often the site of pathogenic genes

B. are essential for growth and metabolism

C. are found in all bacteria

D. cannot be passed on to progeny

E. cannot be passed between organisms

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Cell membrane

B. Slime layer

C. Capsule

D. Fimbriae

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. cilia

B. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C. sex pili

D. flagella

E. fimbriae

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Tetrad

B. Spirochete

C. Vibrio

D. Rod

E. Coccus

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

C. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleosome

B. nucleolus

C. chromatin

D. nucleoplasm

E. nuclear envelope

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. cilia

B. None of the choices are correct.

C. flagella

D. filaments

E. microtubules

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. anchors organelles

C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

D. provides support

E. helps maintain cell shape

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. seed

B. trophozoite

C. sporozoa

D. cyst

E. endospore

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. mitochondria

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. Golgi apparatus

D. chloroplast

E. lysosome

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. are long, whiplike structures

B. contain microtubules

C. facilitate chemotaxis

D. facilitate phototaxis

E. are used for cell motility

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

C. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. ribosome

B. lysosome

C. Golgi apparatus

D. nucleolus

E. nucleus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. dimorphic

B. parasites

C. nonseptate

D. substrates

E. saprobes

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. parasites

B. saprobes

C. pseudohyphae

D. spores

E. dimorphic

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

B. Protozoa and Animals

C. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

D. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

B. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

C. proteins of the cytoskeleton

D. enzymes found in lysosomes

E. found in polyribosomes

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

B. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

C. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

D. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. septa

B. pseudohyphae

C. dimorphic

D. molds

E. mycelium

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. food vacuole

B. sporozoite

C. trophozoite

D. cyst

E. oocyst

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. cell wall

B. heterotrophic nutrition

C. formation of a cyst stage

D. ectoplasm and endoplasm

E. motility

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Photosynthetic

B. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

C. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

D. Have cell walls

E. Heterotrophic nutrition

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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