Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Robert Koch
C.
Joseph Lister
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
starch
B.
triglyceride
C.
phospholipid
D.
wax
E.
cholesterol
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
can only be found growing in laboratories
B.
lack a cell nucleus
C.
cause human disease
D.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
E.
are infectious particles
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
C.
microbes are found on dust particles
D.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
E.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
decomposers
C.
fermenters
D.
eukaryotes
E.
pathogens
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
bioremediation
B.
immunology
C.
epidemiology
D.
genetic engineering
E.
taxonomy
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
decomposers
C.
pathogens
D.
fermenters
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Parasites
B.
Viruses
C.
Fungi
D.
Bacteria
E.
Helminths
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
class, phylum,order
B.
kingdom, domain,phylum
C.
family, order,class
D.
family, genus,species
E.
genus, species,family
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
respiratory diseases
D.
diarrheal diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
classification
B.
nomenclature
C.
common name
D.
identification
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
D.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
oxygen
B.
carbon
C.
phosphorous
D.
hydrogen
E.
nitrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
infectious particles
B.
protozoa
C.
bacteria
D.
parasitic worms
E.
molds
Question #18
A.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
B.
recombinant DNA
C.
bioremediation
D.
nomenclature
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
bright field
B.
phase contrast
C.
fluorescence
D.
electron
E.
dark field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
fungus
B.
algae
C.
mold
D.
euglena
E.
green plant
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Transport
B.
EMB
C.
Thioglycollate
D.
Blood
E.
General purpose
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Dark field
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Phase contrast
D.
Bright field
E.
Electron
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
complex
B.
synthetic
C.
reducing
D.
minimal
E.
enriched
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is digested by most microbes
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Is solid at room temperature
D.
Has flexibility
E.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture iscontaminated.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
D.
The culturemedium must be selective.
E.
The culturemedium must be differential.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
negative stain
B.
flagellar stain
C.
hanging drop
D.
fixed stained smear
E.
Gram stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Transmission electron
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Scanning electron
E.
Differential interference contrast
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using the acid-fast stain
B.
simple staining
C.
negative staining
D.
capsule staining
E.
using an acidic dye
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Magnification
B.
Resolving power
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Refraction
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enriched
B.
Selective
C.
Differential
D.
Reducing
E.
Enumeration
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
blood agar
B.
a reducing medium
C.
trypticase soy agar
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
MacConkey medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is a type of compound microscope
B.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
C.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
D.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
E.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Swab
B.
Needle
C.
Loop
D.
Petri dish
E.
Pipette
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Objective lens
B.
Nosepiece
C.
Ocular lens
D.
Condenser
E.
Body
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
microaerophilic
B.
autotrophic
C.
anaerobic
D.
fastidious
E.
aerobic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
outer membrane
B.
hook
C.
basal body
D.
sheath
E.
filament
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
B.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
C.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
D.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
E.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
capsules
B.
cell membranes
C.
cell walls
D.
slime layers
E.
inclusions
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
living structures
B.
metabolically inactive
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
cyanobacteria
C.
mycoplasmas
D.
gram-negative organisms
E.
archaea
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-positive
B.
both gram-positive and -negative
C.
gram-negative
D.
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
mRNA
B.
tRNA
C.
rRNA
D.
None of thechoices is correct.
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
found in archaea
B.
gram-negative
C.
a spheroplast
D.
acid fast
E.
gram-positive
Question #48
A.
flagella
B.
sex pili
C.
cilia
D.
fimbriae
E.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
Clostridium
C.
Sporosarcina
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
Staphylococcus
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
lophotrichous
B.
monotrichous
C.
amphitrichous
D.
atrichous
E.
peritrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
capsule
C.
LPS
D.
slime layer
E.
inclusions
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are found in all bacteria
B.
cannot be passed on to progeny
C.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
D.
are essential for growth and metabolism
E.
cannot be passed between organisms
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Capsule
B.
Slime layer
C.
Cell membrane
D.
Fimbriae
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
flagella
C.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.
sex pili
E.
cilia
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Spirochete
B.
Vibrio
C.
Coccus
D.
Tetrad
E.
Rod
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleoplasm
B.
nucleolus
C.
nucleosome
D.
nuclear envelope
E.
chromatin
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
microtubules
C.
cilia
D.
filaments
E.
flagella
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
helps maintain cell shape
C.
anchors organelles
D.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
E.
provides support
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
endospore
B.
sporozoa
C.
trophozoite
D.
cyst
E.
seed
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
mitochondria
B.
lysosome
C.
chloroplast
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
endoplasmic reticulum
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
contain microtubules
B.
facilitate chemotaxis
C.
facilitate phototaxis
D.
are used for cell motility
E.
are long, whiplike structures
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
B.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
C.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleus
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
lysosome
D.
ribosome
E.
nucleolus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
substrates
B.
saprobes
C.
dimorphic
D.
parasites
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
parasites
C.
spores
D.
saprobes
E.
dimorphic
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
C.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
D.
found in polyribosomes
E.
enzymes found in lysosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
B.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
C.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
D.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
E.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
molds
B.
dimorphic
C.
mycelium
D.
septa
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
cyst
B.
sporozoite
C.
trophozoite
D.
oocyst
E.
food vacuole
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
cell wall
B.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
C.
heterotrophic nutrition
D.
formation of a cyst stage
E.
motility
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Heterotrophic nutrition
B.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
C.
Photosynthetic
D.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
E.
Have cell walls
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