Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Joseph Lister
B.
Louis Pasteur
C.
Robert Koch
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
cholesterol
B.
phospholipid
C.
triglyceride
D.
starch
E.
wax
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
cause human disease
B.
can only be found growing in laboratories
C.
are infectious particles
D.
lack a cell nucleus
E.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
microbes are found on dust particles
B.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
C.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
D.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
E.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
prokaryotes
C.
pathogens
D.
fermenters
E.
eukaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
immunology
B.
bioremediation
C.
genetic engineering
D.
epidemiology
E.
taxonomy
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
eukaryotes
C.
decomposers
D.
fermenters
E.
pathogens
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Parasites
B.
Viruses
C.
Helminths
D.
Bacteria
E.
Fungi
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
kingdom, domain,phylum
B.
class, phylum,order
C.
family, genus,species
D.
family, order,class
E.
genus, species,family
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
diarrheal diseases
B.
measles
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
respiratory diseases
E.
malaria diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
nomenclature
B.
common name
C.
taxa
D.
identification
E.
classification
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
phosphorous
B.
carbon
C.
hydrogen
D.
nitrogen
E.
oxygen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
protozoa
B.
bacteria
C.
infectious particles
D.
molds
E.
parasitic worms
Question #18
A.
bioremediation
B.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
C.
determining evolutionary relatedness
D.
nomenclature
E.
recombinant DNA
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
electron
B.
phase contrast
C.
dark field
D.
bright field
E.
fluorescence
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
fungus
B.
green plant
C.
algae
D.
mold
E.
euglena
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
General purpose
B.
Thioglycollate
C.
Transport
D.
EMB
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Dark field
B.
Electron
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Bright field
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
minimal
B.
synthetic
C.
reducing
D.
complex
E.
enriched
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is digested by most microbes
B.
Is solid at room temperature
C.
Holds moisture
D.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
E.
Has flexibility
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
B.
The culture iscontaminated.
C.
The culturemedium must be differential.
D.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
E.
The culturemedium must be selective.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
flagellar stain
B.
hanging drop
C.
Gram stain
D.
negative stain
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Scanning electron
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Differential interference contrast
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using the acid-fast stain
B.
simple staining
C.
using an acidic dye
D.
negative staining
E.
capsule staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
B.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Magnification
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
Resolving power
D.
Refraction
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Reducing
B.
Enriched
C.
Differential
D.
Selective
E.
Enumeration
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
trypticase soy agar
B.
MacConkey medium
C.
mannitol salt agar
D.
blood agar
E.
a reducing medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
B.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
C.
it is a type of compound microscope
D.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
E.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Petri dish
C.
Loop
D.
Swab
E.
Needle
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Ocular lens
B.
Body
C.
Objective lens
D.
Nosepiece
E.
Condenser
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
autotrophic
C.
microaerophilic
D.
anaerobic
E.
fastidious
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
outer membrane
B.
basal body
C.
filament
D.
sheath
E.
hook
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
B.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
C.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
capsules
B.
inclusions
C.
cell membranes
D.
slime layers
E.
cell walls
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
metabolically inactive
C.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
living structures
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
archaea
C.
gram-negative organisms
D.
cyanobacteria
E.
mycoplasmas
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
C.
both gram-positive and -negative
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
mRNA
B.
None of thechoices is correct.
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
rRNA
E.
tRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
found in archaea
C.
a spheroplast
D.
gram-negative
E.
gram-positive
Question #48
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
sex pili
C.
flagella
D.
fimbriae
E.
cilia
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
Bacillus
C.
Staphylococcus
D.
Clostridium
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
monotrichous
B.
lophotrichous
C.
amphitrichous
D.
peritrichous
E.
atrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
slime layer
C.
LPS
D.
inclusions
E.
capsule
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed on to progeny
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
are found in all bacteria
D.
cannot be passed between organisms
E.
are essential for growth and metabolism
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Cell membrane
B.
Fimbriae
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Capsule
E.
Slime layer
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
sex pili
C.
flagella
D.
cilia
E.
fimbriae
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Rod
B.
Tetrad
C.
Coccus
D.
Spirochete
E.
Vibrio
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
B.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
C.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
chromatin
B.
nucleolus
C.
nuclear envelope
D.
nucleosome
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
flagella
B.
microtubules
C.
cilia
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
B.
provides support
C.
helps maintain cell shape
D.
anchors organelles
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
endospore
B.
seed
C.
trophozoite
D.
cyst
E.
sporozoa
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
lysosome
C.
chloroplast
D.
mitochondria
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are used for cell motility
B.
contain microtubules
C.
are long, whiplike structures
D.
facilitate phototaxis
E.
facilitate chemotaxis
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
C.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
ribosome
B.
lysosome
C.
nucleus
D.
nucleolus
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
nonseptate
B.
saprobes
C.
dimorphic
D.
substrates
E.
parasites
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
saprobes
C.
spores
D.
pseudohyphae
E.
dimorphic
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Protozoa and Animals
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
enzymes found in lysosomes
B.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
C.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
D.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
E.
found in polyribosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
B.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
C.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
D.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
E.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
mycelium
C.
dimorphic
D.
septa
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
cyst
C.
sporozoite
D.
oocyst
E.
food vacuole
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
cell wall
B.
motility
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
heterotrophic nutrition
E.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Heterotrophic nutrition
B.
Photosynthetic
C.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.
Have cell walls
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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