East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Louis Pasteur

B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C. Francesco Redi

D. Joseph Lister

E. Robert Koch

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. wax

B. starch

C. triglyceride

D. phospholipid

E. cholesterol

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

B. cause human disease

C. are infectious particles

D. lack a cell nucleus

E. can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

B. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

C. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

D. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

E. microbes are found on dust particles

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. fermenters

B. eukaryotes

C. prokaryotes

D. decomposers

E. pathogens

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. taxonomy

B. bioremediation

C. genetic engineering

D. epidemiology

E. immunology

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. decomposers

B. eukaryotes

C. pathogens

D. prokaryotes

E. fermenters

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Bacteria

B. Fungi

C. Viruses

D. Helminths

E. Parasites

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. family, order,class

B. family, genus,species

C. kingdom, domain,phylum

D. class, phylum,order

E. genus, species,family

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. AIDS-related diseases

B. malaria diseases

C. diarrheal diseases

D. measles

E. respiratory diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. classification

B. identification

C. common name

D. taxa

E. nomenclature

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

B. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

C. Bacteria are larger than viruses

D. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. phosphorous

B. oxygen

C. hydrogen

D. nitrogen

E. carbon

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. parasitic worms

B. protozoa

C. molds

D. infectious particles

E. bacteria

Question #18

A. recombinant DNA

B. determining evolutionary relatedness

C. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

D. bioremediation

E. nomenclature

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

C. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. fluorescence

B. dark field

C. bright field

D. electron

E. phase contrast

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. euglena

B. mold

C. algae

D. fungus

E. green plant

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. Blood

B. General purpose

C. Thioglycollate

D. Transport

E. EMB

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Bright field

B. Fluorescence

C. Electron

D. Dark field

E. Phase contrast

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. enriched

B. minimal

C. reducing

D. complex

E. synthetic

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Is digested by most microbes

B. Has flexibility

C. Is solid at room temperature

D. Holds moisture

E. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B. The culturemedium must be differential.

C. The culture iscontaminated.

D. The culturemedium must be selective.

E. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. flagellar stain

B. negative stain

C. hanging drop

D. Gram stain

E. fixed stained smear

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Fluorescence

B. Differential interference contrast

C. Transmission electron

D. Phase contrast

E. Scanning electron

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. capsule staining

B. using the acid-fast stain

C. simple staining

D. negative staining

E. using an acidic dye

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

D. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. Magnification

B. Refraction

C. All of thechoices are correct.

D. Resolving power

E. None of the choices are correct.

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Selective

B. Reducing

C. Enriched

D. Differential

E. Enumeration

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. MacConkey medium

B. trypticase soy agar

C. mannitol salt agar

D. blood agar

E. a reducing medium

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

B. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

C. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

D. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E. it is a type of compound microscope

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Needle

B. Loop

C. Pipette

D. Petri dish

E. Swab

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Ocular lens

B. Objective lens

C. Nosepiece

D. Body

E. Condenser

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. aerobic

B. fastidious

C. microaerophilic

D. anaerobic

E. autotrophic

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. sheath

B. outer membrane

C. basal body

D. filament

E. hook

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

B. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

C. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

D. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

E. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. slime layers

B. cell walls

C. inclusions

D. capsules

E. cell membranes

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

B. metabolically inactive

C. living structures

D. All of the choices are correct.

E. resistant to destruction by radiation

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. archaea

B. gram-negative organisms

C. gram-positive organisms

D. cyanobacteria

E. mycoplasmas

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. both gram-positive and -negative

B. gram-positive

C. gram-negative

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. All of thechoices are correct.

B. rRNA

C. None of thechoices is correct.

D. tRNA

E. mRNA

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. found in archaea

B. gram-positive

C. acid fast

D. a spheroplast

E. gram-negative

Question #48

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A. fimbriae

B. cilia

C. flagella

D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E. sex pili

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. All of thechoices are correct.

B. Clostridium

C. Bacillus

D. Sporosarcina

E. Staphylococcus

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. peritrichous

B. atrichous

C. amphitrichous

D. lophotrichous

E. monotrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. slime layer

B. LPS

C. fimbriae

D. inclusions

E. capsule

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are often the site of pathogenic genes

B. cannot be passed on to progeny

C. cannot be passed between organisms

D. are essential for growth and metabolism

E. are found in all bacteria

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Slime layer

B. Fimbriae

C. Capsule

D. All of the choices are correct.

E. Cell membrane

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. cilia

B. flagella

C. fimbriae

D. sex pili

E. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Coccus

B. Vibrio

C. Rod

D. Tetrad

E. Spirochete

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleosome

B. chromatin

C. nucleolus

D. nuclear envelope

E. nucleoplasm

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. cilia

B. flagella

C. None of the choices are correct.

D. filaments

E. microtubules

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. anchors organelles

B. All of the choices are correct.

C. helps maintain cell shape

D. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

E. provides support

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. seed

B. cyst

C. endospore

D. trophozoite

E. sporozoa

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. mitochondria

B. Golgi apparatus

C. endoplasmic reticulum

D. lysosome

E. chloroplast

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. are used for cell motility

B. facilitate phototaxis

C. are long, whiplike structures

D. contain microtubules

E. facilitate chemotaxis

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

B. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

C. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

D. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. ribosome

C. nucleolus

D. lysosome

E. nucleus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. saprobes

B. parasites

C. substrates

D. nonseptate

E. dimorphic

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. parasites

B. saprobes

C. dimorphic

D. spores

E. pseudohyphae

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

B. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

C. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D. Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. proteins of the cytoskeleton

B. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

C. found in polyribosomes

D. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

E. enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

B. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

C. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

D. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. septa

B. mycelium

C. pseudohyphae

D. dimorphic

E. molds

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. trophozoite

B. cyst

C. oocyst

D. sporozoite

E. food vacuole

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. ectoplasm and endoplasm

B. cell wall

C. heterotrophic nutrition

D. formation of a cyst stage

E. motility

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Photosynthetic

B. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

C. Have cell walls

D. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

E. Heterotrophic nutrition

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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