Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Robert Koch
B.
Francesco Redi
C.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D.
Joseph Lister
E.
Louis Pasteur
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
wax
B.
triglyceride
C.
starch
D.
phospholipid
E.
cholesterol
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
are infectious particles
B.
can only be found growing in laboratories
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
cause human disease
E.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
D.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
E.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
pathogens
C.
eukaryotes
D.
decomposers
E.
prokaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
immunology
B.
taxonomy
C.
bioremediation
D.
genetic engineering
E.
epidemiology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
fermenters
C.
prokaryotes
D.
pathogens
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Viruses
B.
Fungi
C.
Helminths
D.
Parasites
E.
Bacteria
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, order,class
B.
genus, species,family
C.
family, genus,species
D.
kingdom, domain,phylum
E.
class, phylum,order
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
diarrheal diseases
C.
respiratory diseases
D.
measles
E.
malaria diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
identification
B.
nomenclature
C.
classification
D.
taxa
E.
common name
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
D.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
phosphorous
B.
carbon
C.
oxygen
D.
hydrogen
E.
nitrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
parasitic worms
C.
molds
D.
protozoa
E.
infectious particles
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
B.
bioremediation
C.
determining evolutionary relatedness
D.
recombinant DNA
E.
nomenclature
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
electron
B.
phase contrast
C.
fluorescence
D.
bright field
E.
dark field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
euglena
B.
mold
C.
fungus
D.
green plant
E.
algae
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Thioglycollate
B.
EMB
C.
General purpose
D.
Transport
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Bright field
B.
Dark field
C.
Electron
D.
Fluorescence
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
reducing
B.
enriched
C.
minimal
D.
complex
E.
synthetic
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is solid at room temperature
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Is digested by most microbes
D.
Has flexibility
E.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
B.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
The culture iscontaminated.
E.
The culturemedium must be differential.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
flagellar stain
B.
hanging drop
C.
negative stain
D.
Gram stain
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Transmission electron
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Scanning electron
E.
Differential interference contrast
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
capsule staining
B.
negative staining
C.
using the acid-fast stain
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
simple staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
C.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
Refraction
C.
Resolving power
D.
Magnification
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Selective
B.
Enriched
C.
Enumeration
D.
Reducing
E.
Differential
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
trypticase soy agar
B.
blood agar
C.
MacConkey medium
D.
a reducing medium
E.
mannitol salt agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
B.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
C.
it is a type of compound microscope
D.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
E.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Petri dish
B.
Needle
C.
Swab
D.
Pipette
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Body
B.
Nosepiece
C.
Objective lens
D.
Condenser
E.
Ocular lens
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
fastidious
B.
autotrophic
C.
anaerobic
D.
microaerophilic
E.
aerobic
Question #39
A.
outer membrane
B.
sheath
C.
filament
D.
basal body
E.
hook
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
C.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
D.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
E.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
cell membranes
C.
slime layers
D.
cell walls
E.
capsules
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
B.
metabolically inactive
C.
resistant to destruction by radiation
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
living structures
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
archaea
B.
gram-positive organisms
C.
gram-negative organisms
D.
cyanobacteria
E.
mycoplasmas
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
C.
gram-positive
D.
both gram-positive and -negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
rRNA
B.
tRNA
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
mRNA
E.
None of thechoices is correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
gram-negative
B.
gram-positive
C.
a spheroplast
D.
found in archaea
E.
acid fast
Question #48
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
flagella
C.
cilia
D.
fimbriae
E.
sex pili
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
Clostridium
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Staphylococcus
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
peritrichous
B.
lophotrichous
C.
atrichous
D.
amphitrichous
E.
monotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
capsule
B.
inclusions
C.
slime layer
D.
LPS
E.
fimbriae
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are essential for growth and metabolism
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
are found in all bacteria
D.
cannot be passed on to progeny
E.
cannot be passed between organisms
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Slime layer
B.
Capsule
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Cell membrane
E.
Fimbriae
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
cilia
B.
fimbriae
C.
sex pili
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
flagella
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Coccus
B.
Rod
C.
Tetrad
D.
Vibrio
E.
Spirochete
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
D.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
nucleoplasm
C.
nucleolus
D.
chromatin
E.
nuclear envelope
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
flagella
B.
microtubules
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
filaments
E.
cilia
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
provides support
B.
helps maintain cell shape
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
anchors organelles
E.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
sporozoa
B.
endospore
C.
cyst
D.
trophozoite
E.
seed
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
lysosome
C.
mitochondria
D.
endoplasmic reticulum
E.
chloroplast
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are long, whiplike structures
B.
are used for cell motility
C.
contain microtubules
D.
facilitate chemotaxis
E.
facilitate phototaxis
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
D.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
lysosome
B.
nucleolus
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
nucleus
E.
ribosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
substrates
C.
saprobes
D.
dimorphic
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
dimorphic
D.
spores
E.
saprobes
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
B.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
C.
found in polyribosomes
D.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
E.
enzymes found in lysosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
B.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
E.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
mycelium
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
septa
D.
molds
E.
dimorphic
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
cyst
B.
food vacuole
C.
trophozoite
D.
sporozoite
E.
oocyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
B.
heterotrophic nutrition
C.
motility
D.
formation of a cyst stage
E.
cell wall
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Photosynthetic
C.
Have cell walls
D.
Heterotrophic nutrition
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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