Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Robert Koch
B.
Francesco Redi
C.
Joseph Lister
D.
Louis Pasteur
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
starch
B.
phospholipid
C.
wax
D.
cholesterol
E.
triglyceride
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
lack a cell nucleus
B.
are infectious particles
C.
can only be found growing in laboratories
D.
cause human disease
E.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
microbes are found on dust particles
B.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
C.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
D.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
E.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
pathogens
C.
eukaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
prokaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
immunology
B.
epidemiology
C.
genetic engineering
D.
taxonomy
E.
bioremediation
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
eukaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
prokaryotes
E.
decomposers
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Bacteria
B.
Fungi
C.
Helminths
D.
Parasites
E.
Viruses
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, genus,species
B.
family, order,class
C.
genus, species,family
D.
class, phylum,order
E.
kingdom, domain,phylum
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
measles
B.
respiratory diseases
C.
diarrheal diseases
D.
AIDS-related diseases
E.
malaria diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
common name
B.
classification
C.
taxa
D.
identification
E.
nomenclature
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
hydrogen
B.
phosphorous
C.
carbon
D.
oxygen
E.
nitrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
protozoa
B.
bacteria
C.
infectious particles
D.
parasitic worms
E.
molds
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
nomenclature
B.
determining evolutionary relatedness
C.
bioremediation
D.
recombinant DNA
E.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
fluorescence
B.
phase contrast
C.
electron
D.
dark field
E.
bright field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
algae
C.
fungus
D.
euglena
E.
green plant
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
EMB
B.
General purpose
C.
Transport
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Bright field
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Dark field
E.
Electron
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
minimal
B.
synthetic
C.
enriched
D.
complex
E.
reducing
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
B.
Has flexibility
C.
Is solid at room temperature
D.
Is digested by most microbes
E.
Holds moisture
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be differential.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
D.
The culture iscontaminated.
E.
The culturemedium must be selective.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
hanging drop
B.
flagellar stain
C.
Gram stain
D.
negative stain
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Scanning electron
D.
Differential interference contrast
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using the acid-fast stain
B.
negative staining
C.
capsule staining
D.
simple staining
E.
using an acidic dye
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
D.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Resolving power
B.
Refraction
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Magnification
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enriched
B.
Enumeration
C.
Differential
D.
Reducing
E.
Selective
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
mannitol salt agar
B.
blood agar
C.
a reducing medium
D.
MacConkey medium
E.
trypticase soy agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
B.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
C.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
D.
it is a type of compound microscope
E.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Swab
B.
Pipette
C.
Needle
D.
Loop
E.
Petri dish
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Nosepiece
B.
Condenser
C.
Ocular lens
D.
Objective lens
E.
Body
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
microaerophilic
C.
autotrophic
D.
anaerobic
E.
fastidious
Question #39
A.
outer membrane
B.
hook
C.
filament
D.
basal body
E.
sheath
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
B.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
C.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
D.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
E.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell membranes
B.
slime layers
C.
cell walls
D.
inclusions
E.
capsules
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
metabolically inactive
B.
resistant to destruction by radiation
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
living structures
E.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
mycoplasmas
D.
cyanobacteria
E.
archaea
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
both gram-positive and -negative
B.
C.
gram-positive
D.
gram-negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
mRNA
C.
None of thechoices is correct.
D.
tRNA
E.
rRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
gram-negative
C.
found in archaea
D.
gram-positive
E.
a spheroplast
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
sex pili
B.
fimbriae
C.
flagella
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
cilia
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
Staphylococcus
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Sporosarcina
E.
Clostridium
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
monotrichous
B.
atrichous
C.
peritrichous
D.
amphitrichous
E.
lophotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
LPS
B.
slime layer
C.
inclusions
D.
fimbriae
E.
capsule
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed on to progeny
B.
cannot be passed between organisms
C.
are found in all bacteria
D.
are essential for growth and metabolism
E.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Capsule
B.
Cell membrane
C.
Fimbriae
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Slime layer
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
cilia
C.
fimbriae
D.
flagella
E.
sex pili
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Tetrad
C.
Rod
D.
Coccus
E.
Spirochete
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleoplasm
B.
nucleolus
C.
nucleosome
D.
nuclear envelope
E.
chromatin
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
microtubules
B.
filaments
C.
cilia
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
flagella
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
provides support
B.
helps maintain cell shape
C.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D.
anchors organelles
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
endospore
B.
trophozoite
C.
cyst
D.
sporozoa
E.
seed
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
mitochondria
B.
lysosome
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
endoplasmic reticulum
E.
chloroplast
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
facilitate chemotaxis
B.
contain microtubules
C.
are used for cell motility
D.
are long, whiplike structures
E.
facilitate phototaxis
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
nucleus
C.
lysosome
D.
ribosome
E.
nucleolus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
saprobes
B.
dimorphic
C.
nonseptate
D.
substrates
E.
parasites
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
spores
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
dimorphic
E.
saprobes
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Protozoa and Animals
D.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
B.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
found in polyribosomes
D.
enzymes found in lysosomes
E.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
B.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
C.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
D.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
E.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
molds
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
septa
D.
dimorphic
E.
mycelium
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
oocyst
B.
trophozoite
C.
sporozoite
D.
cyst
E.
food vacuole
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
B.
cell wall
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
motility
E.
heterotrophic nutrition
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Have cell walls
B.
Heterotrophic nutrition
C.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
D.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
E.
Photosynthetic
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