Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C.
Francesco Redi
D.
Robert Koch
E.
Joseph Lister
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
cholesterol
B.
triglyceride
C.
wax
D.
phospholipid
E.
starch
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
cause human disease
B.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
C.
can only be found growing in laboratories
D.
are infectious particles
E.
lack a cell nucleus
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
microbes are found on dust particles
B.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
C.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
D.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
E.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
eukaryotes
C.
prokaryotes
D.
pathogens
E.
fermenters
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
bioremediation
B.
immunology
C.
taxonomy
D.
genetic engineering
E.
epidemiology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
eukaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
decomposers
E.
prokaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Parasites
B.
Bacteria
C.
Viruses
D.
Fungi
E.
Helminths
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
class, phylum,order
B.
genus, species,family
C.
kingdom, domain,phylum
D.
family, genus,species
E.
family, order,class
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
malaria diseases
B.
diarrheal diseases
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
respiratory diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
nomenclature
B.
common name
C.
classification
D.
taxa
E.
identification
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
nitrogen
B.
oxygen
C.
carbon
D.
hydrogen
E.
phosphorous
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
protozoa
B.
parasitic worms
C.
bacteria
D.
infectious particles
E.
molds
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
determining evolutionary relatedness
B.
nomenclature
C.
recombinant DNA
D.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
E.
bioremediation
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
phase contrast
B.
electron
C.
dark field
D.
bright field
E.
fluorescence
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
fungus
B.
euglena
C.
algae
D.
green plant
E.
mold
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Transport
B.
Thioglycollate
C.
General purpose
D.
EMB
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Bright field
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Electron
D.
Dark field
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
synthetic
C.
complex
D.
minimal
E.
reducing
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
B.
Is digested by most microbes
C.
Has flexibility
D.
Holds moisture
E.
Is solid at room temperature
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
E.
The culture iscontaminated.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
hanging drop
B.
Gram stain
C.
negative stain
D.
fixed stained smear
E.
flagellar stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Differential interference contrast
B.
Scanning electron
C.
Transmission electron
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Fluorescence
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
negative staining
B.
capsule staining
C.
using the acid-fast stain
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
simple staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Refraction
B.
Magnification
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
Resolving power
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enriched
B.
Selective
C.
Reducing
D.
Enumeration
E.
Differential
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
blood agar
B.
trypticase soy agar
C.
MacConkey medium
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
a reducing medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
B.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
C.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
D.
it is a type of compound microscope
E.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Needle
C.
Swab
D.
Petri dish
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Ocular lens
B.
Nosepiece
C.
Objective lens
D.
Condenser
E.
Body
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
microaerophilic
B.
aerobic
C.
autotrophic
D.
fastidious
E.
anaerobic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
basal body
B.
hook
C.
outer membrane
D.
sheath
E.
filament
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
C.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
slime layers
C.
capsules
D.
cell walls
E.
cell membranes
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to destruction by radiation
B.
living structures
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
metabolically inactive
E.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
mycoplasmas
D.
archaea
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-positive
B.
gram-negative
C.
D.
both gram-positive and -negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
rRNA
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
None of thechoices is correct.
D.
tRNA
E.
mRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
gram-positive
C.
found in archaea
D.
a spheroplast
E.
gram-negative
Question #48
A.
flagella
B.
fimbriae
C.
sex pili
D.
cilia
E.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
Bacillus
C.
Clostridium
D.
Sporosarcina
E.
Staphylococcus
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
lophotrichous
B.
amphitrichous
C.
peritrichous
D.
monotrichous
E.
atrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
slime layer
B.
fimbriae
C.
LPS
D.
capsule
E.
inclusions
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed between organisms
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
cannot be passed on to progeny
D.
are essential for growth and metabolism
E.
are found in all bacteria
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Cell membrane
B.
Slime layer
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Capsule
E.
Fimbriae
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
cilia
C.
sex pili
D.
fimbriae
E.
flagella
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Spirochete
B.
Vibrio
C.
Tetrad
D.
Rod
E.
Coccus
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
B.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
C.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
chromatin
C.
nuclear envelope
D.
nucleoplasm
E.
nucleolus
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
flagella
C.
cilia
D.
microtubules
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
anchors organelles
C.
provides support
D.
helps maintain cell shape
E.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
seed
B.
sporozoa
C.
cyst
D.
trophozoite
E.
endospore
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
chloroplast
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
lysosome
E.
mitochondria
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
facilitate chemotaxis
B.
are long, whiplike structures
C.
facilitate phototaxis
D.
are used for cell motility
E.
contain microtubules
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleolus
B.
ribosome
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
nucleus
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
saprobes
B.
nonseptate
C.
dimorphic
D.
substrates
E.
parasites
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
dimorphic
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
saprobes
E.
parasites
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
C.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
enzymes found in lysosomes
B.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
C.
found in polyribosomes
D.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
B.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
C.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
D.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
E.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
mycelium
C.
septa
D.
dimorphic
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
oocyst
B.
food vacuole
C.
sporozoite
D.
trophozoite
E.
cyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
cell wall
B.
motility
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
E.
heterotrophic nutrition
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Heterotrophic nutrition
B.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
C.
Photosynthetic
D.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
E.
Have cell walls
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