East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

B. Louis Pasteur

C. Joseph Lister

D. Robert Koch

E. Francesco Redi

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. triglyceride

B. wax

C. starch

D. phospholipid

E. cholesterol

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. are infectious particles

B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

C. lack a cell nucleus

D. cause human disease

E. can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

B. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

C. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

D. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

E. microbes are found on dust particles

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. fermenters

B. prokaryotes

C. eukaryotes

D. pathogens

E. decomposers

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. immunology

B. epidemiology

C. bioremediation

D. taxonomy

E. genetic engineering

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. prokaryotes

B. eukaryotes

C. fermenters

D. decomposers

E. pathogens

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Helminths

B. Viruses

C. Bacteria

D. Parasites

E. Fungi

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. kingdom, domain,phylum

B. class, phylum,order

C. family, genus,species

D. family, order,class

E. genus, species,family

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. respiratory diseases

B. measles

C. diarrheal diseases

D. malaria diseases

E. AIDS-related diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. common name

B. classification

C. nomenclature

D. identification

E. taxa

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

C. Bacteria are larger than viruses

D. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. carbon

B. phosphorous

C. oxygen

D. hydrogen

E. nitrogen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. molds

B. bacteria

C. parasitic worms

D. protozoa

E. infectious particles

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. bioremediation

B. determining evolutionary relatedness

C. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

D. nomenclature

E. recombinant DNA

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. phase contrast

B. dark field

C. electron

D. bright field

E. fluorescence

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. fungus

B. green plant

C. mold

D. euglena

E. algae

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. Thioglycollate

B. EMB

C. General purpose

D. Blood

E. Transport

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Phase contrast

B. Dark field

C. Fluorescence

D. Electron

E. Bright field

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. reducing

B. synthetic

C. minimal

D. enriched

E. complex

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Holds moisture

B. Is digested by most microbes

C. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

D. Has flexibility

E. Is solid at room temperature

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The culture iscontaminated.

B. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

C. The culturemedium must be differential.

D. The culturemedium must be selective.

E. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. negative stain

B. fixed stained smear

C. hanging drop

D. flagellar stain

E. Gram stain

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Fluorescence

B. Differential interference contrast

C. Scanning electron

D. Phase contrast

E. Transmission electron

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. capsule staining

B. using an acidic dye

C. negative staining

D. simple staining

E. using the acid-fast stain

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. None of the choices are correct.

B. Magnification

C. Resolving power

D. Refraction

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enriched

B. Enumeration

C. Differential

D. Reducing

E. Selective

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. mannitol salt agar

B. trypticase soy agar

C. blood agar

D. MacConkey medium

E. a reducing medium

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it is a type of compound microscope

B. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

C. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

D. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

E. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Swab

B. Loop

C. Needle

D. Petri dish

E. Pipette

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Condenser

B. Body

C. Ocular lens

D. Nosepiece

E. Objective lens

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. microaerophilic

B. fastidious

C. autotrophic

D. aerobic

E. anaerobic

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. filament

B. basal body

C. outer membrane

D. sheath

E. hook

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

B. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

C. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

D. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

E. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. slime layers

B. cell walls

C. capsules

D. cell membranes

E. inclusions

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. metabolically inactive

B. All of the choices are correct.

C. living structures

D. resistant to destruction by radiation

E. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. gram-negative organisms

B. gram-positive organisms

C. archaea

D. cyanobacteria

E. mycoplasmas

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. gram-positive

B. both gram-positive and -negative

D. gram-negative

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. mRNA

B. All of thechoices are correct.

C. rRNA

D. None of thechoices is correct.

E. tRNA

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. acid fast

B. a spheroplast

C. gram-negative

D. found in archaea

E. gram-positive

Question #48

A. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

B. fimbriae

C. flagella

D. cilia

E. sex pili

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Bacillus

B. All of thechoices are correct.

C. Sporosarcina

D. Staphylococcus

E. Clostridium

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. monotrichous

B. lophotrichous

C. atrichous

D. peritrichous

E. amphitrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. LPS

B. fimbriae

C. inclusions

D. slime layer

E. capsule

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are essential for growth and metabolism

B. cannot be passed on to progeny

C. cannot be passed between organisms

D. are often the site of pathogenic genes

E. are found in all bacteria

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Fimbriae

B. All of the choices are correct.

C. Cell membrane

D. Slime layer

E. Capsule

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. fimbriae

B. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C. sex pili

D. flagella

E. cilia

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Rod

B. Spirochete

C. Tetrad

D. Vibrio

E. Coccus

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

C. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

D. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleosome

B. nucleoplasm

C. chromatin

D. nuclear envelope

E. nucleolus

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. None of the choices are correct.

B. filaments

C. cilia

D. flagella

E. microtubules

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. anchors organelles

B. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

C. All of the choices are correct.

D. helps maintain cell shape

E. provides support

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. endospore

B. seed

C. trophozoite

D. sporozoa

E. cyst

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. lysosome

D. chloroplast

E. mitochondria

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. facilitate phototaxis

B. contain microtubules

C. facilitate chemotaxis

D. are used for cell motility

E. are long, whiplike structures

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

B. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

C. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. nucleus

B. nucleolus

C. lysosome

D. ribosome

E. Golgi apparatus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. saprobes

B. dimorphic

C. nonseptate

D. parasites

E. substrates

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. parasites

B. saprobes

C. dimorphic

D. pseudohyphae

E. spores

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Protozoa and Animals

B. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

C. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. enzymes found in lysosomes

B. found in polyribosomes

C. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

D. proteins of the cytoskeleton

E. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

B. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

C. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

D. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

E. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. molds

B. dimorphic

C. pseudohyphae

D. septa

E. mycelium

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. food vacuole

B. cyst

C. oocyst

D. sporozoite

E. trophozoite

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. cell wall

B. formation of a cyst stage

C. heterotrophic nutrition

D. motility

E. ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Have cell walls

B. Photosynthetic

C. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

D. Heterotrophic nutrition

E. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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