East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Joseph Lister

B. Francesco Redi

C. Louis Pasteur

D. Robert Koch

E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. starch

B. triglyceride

C. cholesterol

D. wax

E. phospholipid

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. are infectious particles

B. can only be found growing in laboratories

C. lack a cell nucleus

D. cause human disease

E. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

B. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

C. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

D. microbes are found on dust particles

E. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. decomposers

B. pathogens

C. fermenters

D. eukaryotes

E. prokaryotes

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. taxonomy

B. epidemiology

C. genetic engineering

D. bioremediation

E. immunology

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. pathogens

B. prokaryotes

C. eukaryotes

D. decomposers

E. fermenters

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Viruses

B. Bacteria

C. Helminths

D. Parasites

E. Fungi

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. family, order,class

B. genus, species,family

C. family, genus,species

D. kingdom, domain,phylum

E. class, phylum,order

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. measles

B. malaria diseases

C. diarrheal diseases

D. AIDS-related diseases

E. respiratory diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. identification

B. classification

C. common name

D. nomenclature

E. taxa

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

B. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

C. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

D. Bacteria are larger than viruses

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. nitrogen

B. oxygen

C. phosphorous

D. carbon

E. hydrogen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. bacteria

B. protozoa

C. parasitic worms

D. molds

E. infectious particles

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. recombinant DNA

B. bioremediation

C. determining evolutionary relatedness

D. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

E. nomenclature

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

C. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. fluorescence

B. dark field

C. electron

D. phase contrast

E. bright field

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. mold

B. algae

C. euglena

D. fungus

E. green plant

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. Transport

B. Thioglycollate

C. General purpose

D. Blood

E. EMB

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Electron

B. Fluorescence

C. Dark field

D. Bright field

E. Phase contrast

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. reducing

B. complex

C. synthetic

D. enriched

E. minimal

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Holds moisture

B. Is digested by most microbes

C. Has flexibility

D. Is solid at room temperature

E. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The culturemedium must be differential.

B. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

C. The culture iscontaminated.

D. The culturemedium must be selective.

E. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. Gram stain

B. fixed stained smear

C. negative stain

D. flagellar stain

E. hanging drop

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Transmission electron

B. Phase contrast

C. Scanning electron

D. Fluorescence

E. Differential interference contrast

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. using the acid-fast stain

B. simple staining

C. negative staining

D. using an acidic dye

E. capsule staining

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

D. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. Resolving power

B. None of the choices are correct.

C. All of thechoices are correct.

D. Refraction

E. Magnification

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enriched

B. Differential

C. Selective

D. Reducing

E. Enumeration

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. blood agar

B. trypticase soy agar

C. MacConkey medium

D. a reducing medium

E. mannitol salt agar

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

B. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

C. it is a type of compound microscope

D. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Pipette

B. Loop

C. Swab

D. Petri dish

E. Needle

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Body

B. Objective lens

C. Ocular lens

D. Nosepiece

E. Condenser

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. microaerophilic

B. aerobic

C. autotrophic

D. anaerobic

E. fastidious

Question #39

A. filament

B. outer membrane

C. sheath

D. hook

E. basal body

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

B. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

C. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

D. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

E. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. cell walls

B. inclusions

C. slime layers

D. capsules

E. cell membranes

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

B. resistant to destruction by radiation

C. metabolically inactive

D. living structures

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. cyanobacteria

B. gram-negative organisms

C. archaea

D. gram-positive organisms

E. mycoplasmas

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

B. gram-negative

C. both gram-positive and -negative

D. gram-positive

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. None of thechoices is correct.

B. mRNA

C. rRNA

D. tRNA

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. found in archaea

B. acid fast

C. a spheroplast

D. gram-negative

E. gram-positive

Question #48

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.

A. flagella

B. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

C. sex pili

D. fimbriae

E. cilia

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Sporosarcina

B. Clostridium

C. Bacillus

D. Staphylococcus

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. monotrichous

B. amphitrichous

C. peritrichous

D. lophotrichous

E. atrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. capsule

B. slime layer

C. LPS

D. inclusions

E. fimbriae

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. cannot be passed between organisms

B. are often the site of pathogenic genes

C. are essential for growth and metabolism

D. are found in all bacteria

E. cannot be passed on to progeny

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Fimbriae

B. Slime layer

C. All of the choices are correct.

D. Capsule

E. Cell membrane

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. flagella

B. cilia

C. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D. fimbriae

E. sex pili

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Rod

B. Tetrad

C. Spirochete

D. Coccus

E. Vibrio

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

B. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

C. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleolus

B. chromatin

C. nuclear envelope

D. nucleosome

E. nucleoplasm

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. cilia

B. microtubules

C. filaments

D. None of the choices are correct.

E. flagella

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. All of the choices are correct.

B. provides support

C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

D. helps maintain cell shape

E. anchors organelles

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. endospore

B. seed

C. trophozoite

D. sporozoa

E. cyst

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. chloroplast

D. mitochondria

E. lysosome

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. contain microtubules

B. are long, whiplike structures

C. facilitate chemotaxis

D. are used for cell motility

E. facilitate phototaxis

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

B. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

C. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. nucleus

C. lysosome

D. nucleolus

E. ribosome

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. nonseptate

B. parasites

C. substrates

D. dimorphic

E. saprobes

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. saprobes

B. parasites

C. dimorphic

D. pseudohyphae

E. spores

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

B. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

C. Protozoa and Animals

D. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. found in polyribosomes

B. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

C. enzymes found in lysosomes

D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

E. proteins of the cytoskeleton

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

B. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

C. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

D. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

E. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. mycelium

B. dimorphic

C. pseudohyphae

D. molds

E. septa

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. trophozoite

B. sporozoite

C. food vacuole

D. cyst

E. oocyst

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. heterotrophic nutrition

B. cell wall

C. formation of a cyst stage

D. motility

E. ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

B. Photosynthetic

C. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

D. Have cell walls

E. Heterotrophic nutrition

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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