East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Louis Pasteur

B. Joseph Lister

C. Robert Koch

D. Francesco Redi

E. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. cholesterol

B. starch

C. triglyceride

D. wax

E. phospholipid

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. lack a cell nucleus

B. cause human disease

C. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

D. are infectious particles

E. can only be found growing in laboratories

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. microbes are found on dust particles

B. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

C. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

D. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

E. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. pathogens

B. decomposers

C. fermenters

D. prokaryotes

E. eukaryotes

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. epidemiology

B. bioremediation

C. taxonomy

D. immunology

E. genetic engineering

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. prokaryotes

B. pathogens

C. decomposers

D. fermenters

E. eukaryotes

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Fungi

B. Parasites

C. Bacteria

D. Viruses

E. Helminths

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. family, genus,species

B. class, phylum,order

C. kingdom, domain,phylum

D. family, order,class

E. genus, species,family

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. diarrheal diseases

B. measles

C. AIDS-related diseases

D. malaria diseases

E. respiratory diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. classification

B. identification

C. nomenclature

D. common name

E. taxa

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

B. Bacteria are larger than viruses

C. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

D. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. carbon

B. hydrogen

C. nitrogen

D. oxygen

E. phosphorous

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. bacteria

B. molds

C. parasitic worms

D. infectious particles

E. protozoa

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

B. bioremediation

C. determining evolutionary relatedness

D. recombinant DNA

E. nomenclature

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

B. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

C. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. fluorescence

B. electron

C. phase contrast

D. bright field

E. dark field

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. euglena

B. fungus

C. mold

D. green plant

E. algae

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. General purpose

B. EMB

C. Blood

D. Transport

E. Thioglycollate

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Dark field

B. Phase contrast

C. Electron

D. Bright field

E. Fluorescence

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. synthetic

B. complex

C. minimal

D. enriched

E. reducing

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Holds moisture

B. Is digested by most microbes

C. Has flexibility

D. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

E. Is solid at room temperature

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The culturemedium must be differential.

B. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

C. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

D. The culturemedium must be selective.

E. The culture iscontaminated.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. fixed stained smear

B. flagellar stain

C. negative stain

D. hanging drop

E. Gram stain

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Phase contrast

B. Scanning electron

C. Transmission electron

D. Differential interference contrast

E. Fluorescence

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. negative staining

B. using an acidic dye

C. simple staining

D. using the acid-fast stain

E. capsule staining

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

B. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

C. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. Resolving power

B. None of the choices are correct.

C. Magnification

D. Refraction

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Reducing

B. Enriched

C. Selective

D. Differential

E. Enumeration

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. trypticase soy agar

B. a reducing medium

C. MacConkey medium

D. mannitol salt agar

E. blood agar

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

B. it is a type of compound microscope

C. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

D. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Swab

B. Petri dish

C. Pipette

D. Needle

E. Loop

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Objective lens

B. Ocular lens

C. Condenser

D. Body

E. Nosepiece

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. aerobic

B. anaerobic

C. microaerophilic

D. autotrophic

E. fastidious

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. outer membrane

B. filament

C. sheath

D. hook

E. basal body

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

B. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

C. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

D. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

E. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. cell membranes

B. slime layers

C. capsules

D. cell walls

E. inclusions

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. living structures

B. All of the choices are correct.

C. metabolically inactive

D. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

E. resistant to destruction by radiation

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. gram-positive organisms

B. archaea

C. gram-negative organisms

D. mycoplasmas

E. cyanobacteria

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. gram-negative

B. gram-positive

D. both gram-positive and -negative

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. rRNA

B. tRNA

C. mRNA

D. All of thechoices are correct.

E. None of thechoices is correct.

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. found in archaea

B. gram-negative

C. gram-positive

D. a spheroplast

E. acid fast

Question #48

A. sex pili

B. cilia

C. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

D. fimbriae

E. flagella

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. All of thechoices are correct.

B. Bacillus

C. Staphylococcus

D. Sporosarcina

E. Clostridium

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. peritrichous

B. lophotrichous

C. atrichous

D. amphitrichous

E. monotrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. fimbriae

B. LPS

C. slime layer

D. inclusions

E. capsule

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are essential for growth and metabolism

B. cannot be passed on to progeny

C. are often the site of pathogenic genes

D. cannot be passed between organisms

E. are found in all bacteria

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Cell membrane

B. Capsule

C. Slime layer

D. Fimbriae

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. sex pili

B. flagella

C. cilia

D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

E. fimbriae

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Coccus

B. Vibrio

C. Rod

D. Spirochete

E. Tetrad

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

B. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

C. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleosome

B. nucleoplasm

C. nuclear envelope

D. chromatin

E. nucleolus

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. microtubules

B. filaments

C. None of the choices are correct.

D. cilia

E. flagella

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. anchors organelles

B. provides support

C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

D. All of the choices are correct.

E. helps maintain cell shape

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. cyst

B. seed

C. sporozoa

D. trophozoite

E. endospore

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. mitochondria

B. Golgi apparatus

C. chloroplast

D. endoplasmic reticulum

E. lysosome

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. are used for cell motility

B. are long, whiplike structures

C. contain microtubules

D. facilitate phototaxis

E. facilitate chemotaxis

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

C. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

D. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. nucleus

B. lysosome

C. ribosome

D. nucleolus

E. Golgi apparatus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. nonseptate

B. substrates

C. dimorphic

D. parasites

E. saprobes

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. spores

B. dimorphic

C. parasites

D. saprobes

E. pseudohyphae

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Protozoa and Animals

B. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

C. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

D. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

B. found in polyribosomes

C. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

D. enzymes found in lysosomes

E. proteins of the cytoskeleton

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

B. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

C. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

D. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

E. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. pseudohyphae

B. dimorphic

C. septa

D. molds

E. mycelium

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. oocyst

B. sporozoite

C. cyst

D. trophozoite

E. food vacuole

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. formation of a cyst stage

B. cell wall

C. ectoplasm and endoplasm

D. heterotrophic nutrition

E. motility

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Heterotrophic nutrition

B. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

C. Have cell walls

D. Photosynthetic

E. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

Need help with your exam preparation?

Need help with your exam preparation?