Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here
Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Francesco Redi
B.
Joseph Lister
C.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D.
Robert Koch
E.
Louis Pasteur
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
starch
B.
cholesterol
C.
phospholipid
D.
triglyceride
E.
wax
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
are infectious particles
B.
cause human disease
C.
can only be found growing in laboratories
D.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
E.
lack a cell nucleus
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
B.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
C.
microbes are found on dust particles
D.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
E.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
eukaryotes
C.
decomposers
D.
prokaryotes
E.
pathogens
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
epidemiology
B.
bioremediation
C.
immunology
D.
genetic engineering
E.
taxonomy
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
eukaryotes
B.
fermenters
C.
prokaryotes
D.
pathogens
E.
decomposers
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Viruses
B.
Helminths
C.
Fungi
D.
Bacteria
E.
Parasites
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, order,class
B.
genus, species,family
C.
kingdom, domain,phylum
D.
class, phylum,order
E.
family, genus,species
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
respiratory diseases
D.
diarrheal diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
taxa
B.
classification
C.
identification
D.
common name
E.
nomenclature
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
B.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
C.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
D.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
carbon
B.
phosphorous
C.
oxygen
D.
nitrogen
E.
hydrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
parasitic worms
C.
molds
D.
protozoa
E.
infectious particles
Question #18
A.
bioremediation
B.
recombinant DNA
C.
determining evolutionary relatedness
D.
nomenclature
E.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
bright field
B.
electron
C.
dark field
D.
fluorescence
E.
phase contrast
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
algae
B.
fungus
C.
green plant
D.
mold
E.
euglena
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
EMB
B.
General purpose
C.
Transport
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Bright field
B.
Dark field
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Electron
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
minimal
B.
synthetic
C.
enriched
D.
complex
E.
reducing
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is digested by most microbes
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Is solid at room temperature
D.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
E.
Has flexibility
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be differential.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
The culture iscontaminated.
E.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
fixed stained smear
B.
hanging drop
C.
negative stain
D.
Gram stain
E.
flagellar stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Transmission electron
D.
Scanning electron
E.
Differential interference contrast
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using an acidic dye
B.
using the acid-fast stain
C.
simple staining
D.
negative staining
E.
capsule staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
Magnification
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Refraction
E.
Resolving power
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Selective
B.
Reducing
C.
Enriched
D.
Enumeration
E.
Differential
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
MacConkey medium
B.
a reducing medium
C.
mannitol salt agar
D.
trypticase soy agar
E.
blood agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
B.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
C.
it is a type of compound microscope
D.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
E.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Needle
B.
Petri dish
C.
Pipette
D.
Swab
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Nosepiece
B.
Condenser
C.
Body
D.
Ocular lens
E.
Objective lens
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
autotrophic
B.
fastidious
C.
anaerobic
D.
microaerophilic
E.
aerobic
Question #39
A.
outer membrane
B.
filament
C.
sheath
D.
basal body
E.
hook
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
B.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
C.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
D.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
E.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell membranes
B.
cell walls
C.
slime layers
D.
capsules
E.
inclusions
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C.
living structures
D.
metabolically inactive
E.
resistant to destruction by radiation
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-negative organisms
B.
archaea
C.
mycoplasmas
D.
cyanobacteria
E.
gram-positive organisms
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
B.
gram-positive
C.
both gram-positive and -negative
D.
gram-negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
tRNA
B.
None of thechoices is correct.
C.
rRNA
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
mRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
gram-positive
B.
gram-negative
C.
acid fast
D.
a spheroplast
E.
found in archaea
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
cilia
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
fimbriae
D.
flagella
E.
sex pili
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Sporosarcina
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
Staphylococcus
D.
Bacillus
E.
Clostridium
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
lophotrichous
B.
amphitrichous
C.
monotrichous
D.
peritrichous
E.
atrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
LPS
C.
fimbriae
D.
capsule
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are found in all bacteria
B.
cannot be passed on to progeny
C.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
D.
are essential for growth and metabolism
E.
cannot be passed between organisms
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Slime layer
C.
Fimbriae
D.
Cell membrane
E.
Capsule
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
sex pili
B.
fimbriae
C.
cilia
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
flagella
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Coccus
B.
Spirochete
C.
Rod
D.
Tetrad
E.
Vibrio
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
C.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
nuclear envelope
C.
nucleolus
D.
nucleoplasm
E.
chromatin
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
flagella
C.
cilia
D.
microtubules
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
provides support
B.
anchors organelles
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
helps maintain cell shape
E.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
sporozoa
B.
endospore
C.
trophozoite
D.
cyst
E.
seed
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
chloroplast
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
lysosome
E.
mitochondria
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are long, whiplike structures
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
facilitate chemotaxis
D.
are used for cell motility
E.
contain microtubules
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleus
B.
nucleolus
C.
lysosome
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
ribosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
nonseptate
B.
dimorphic
C.
parasites
D.
substrates
E.
saprobes
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
spores
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
saprobes
E.
parasites
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
found in polyribosomes
B.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
C.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
D.
enzymes found in lysosomes
E.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
B.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
C.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
D.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
E.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
molds
B.
septa
C.
mycelium
D.
dimorphic
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
cyst
B.
food vacuole
C.
sporozoite
D.
oocyst
E.
trophozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
motility
B.
formation of a cyst stage
C.
heterotrophic nutrition
D.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
E.
cell wall
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
C.
Have cell walls
D.
Heterotrophic nutrition
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here