Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Joseph Lister
B.
Louis Pasteur
C.
Robert Koch
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
triglyceride
B.
phospholipid
C.
cholesterol
D.
wax
E.
starch
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
are infectious particles
B.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
can only be found growing in laboratories
E.
cause human disease
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
D.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
E.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
decomposers
C.
pathogens
D.
eukaryotes
E.
prokaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
immunology
C.
taxonomy
D.
epidemiology
E.
bioremediation
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
eukaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
prokaryotes
E.
pathogens
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Viruses
B.
Fungi
C.
Helminths
D.
Parasites
E.
Bacteria
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
kingdom, domain,phylum
B.
family, genus,species
C.
class, phylum,order
D.
family, order,class
E.
genus, species,family
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
measles
B.
diarrheal diseases
C.
malaria diseases
D.
AIDS-related diseases
E.
respiratory diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
common name
B.
identification
C.
nomenclature
D.
classification
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
nitrogen
B.
carbon
C.
oxygen
D.
hydrogen
E.
phosphorous
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
molds
B.
protozoa
C.
parasitic worms
D.
bacteria
E.
infectious particles
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
B.
nomenclature
C.
bioremediation
D.
recombinant DNA
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
bright field
B.
phase contrast
C.
fluorescence
D.
dark field
E.
electron
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
algae
B.
euglena
C.
green plant
D.
mold
E.
fungus
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Thioglycollate
B.
EMB
C.
Blood
D.
Transport
E.
General purpose
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Electron
B.
Dark field
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Bright field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
synthetic
B.
reducing
C.
complex
D.
enriched
E.
minimal
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Has flexibility
B.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
C.
Is solid at room temperature
D.
Is digested by most microbes
E.
Holds moisture
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be differential.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
The culture iscontaminated.
E.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
fixed stained smear
B.
flagellar stain
C.
hanging drop
D.
negative stain
E.
Gram stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Differential interference contrast
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Transmission electron
E.
Scanning electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
negative staining
B.
using the acid-fast stain
C.
simple staining
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
capsule staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
Resolving power
C.
Refraction
D.
Magnification
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enumeration
B.
Reducing
C.
Enriched
D.
Selective
E.
Differential
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
MacConkey medium
B.
mannitol salt agar
C.
blood agar
D.
trypticase soy agar
E.
a reducing medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
B.
it is a type of compound microscope
C.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
D.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
E.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Petri dish
B.
Pipette
C.
Loop
D.
Swab
E.
Needle
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Body
B.
Ocular lens
C.
Condenser
D.
Nosepiece
E.
Objective lens
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
anaerobic
B.
aerobic
C.
fastidious
D.
microaerophilic
E.
autotrophic
Question #39
A.
hook
B.
basal body
C.
outer membrane
D.
sheath
E.
filament
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
B.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
C.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
D.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
E.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
slime layers
B.
inclusions
C.
cell walls
D.
cell membranes
E.
capsules
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
B.
metabolically inactive
C.
resistant to destruction by radiation
D.
living structures
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
cyanobacteria
C.
archaea
D.
mycoplasmas
E.
gram-negative organisms
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
B.
both gram-positive and -negative
C.
gram-positive
D.
gram-negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
mRNA
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
rRNA
D.
None of thechoices is correct.
E.
tRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
a spheroplast
B.
gram-positive
C.
gram-negative
D.
acid fast
E.
found in archaea
Question #48
A.
flagella
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
cilia
D.
sex pili
E.
fimbriae
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
Sporosarcina
D.
Staphylococcus
E.
Clostridium
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
peritrichous
B.
amphitrichous
C.
atrichous
D.
lophotrichous
E.
monotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
LPS
C.
fimbriae
D.
capsule
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are found in all bacteria
B.
cannot be passed on to progeny
C.
cannot be passed between organisms
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
are essential for growth and metabolism
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Cell membrane
B.
Fimbriae
C.
Capsule
D.
Slime layer
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
sex pili
C.
fimbriae
D.
flagella
E.
cilia
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Rod
B.
Tetrad
C.
Vibrio
D.
Spirochete
E.
Coccus
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
B.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nuclear envelope
B.
nucleolus
C.
chromatin
D.
nucleoplasm
E.
nucleosome
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
filaments
B.
cilia
C.
microtubules
D.
flagella
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
helps maintain cell shape
D.
anchors organelles
E.
provides support
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
seed
B.
cyst
C.
endospore
D.
sporozoa
E.
trophozoite
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
mitochondria
C.
chloroplast
D.
lysosome
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
facilitate chemotaxis
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
contain microtubules
D.
are used for cell motility
E.
are long, whiplike structures
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
C.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
D.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
ribosome
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
nucleolus
D.
nucleus
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
saprobes
B.
substrates
C.
dimorphic
D.
nonseptate
E.
parasites
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
saprobes
B.
dimorphic
C.
spores
D.
parasites
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
found in polyribosomes
B.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
C.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
D.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E.
enzymes found in lysosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
B.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
C.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
D.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
E.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
septa
B.
dimorphic
C.
molds
D.
pseudohyphae
E.
mycelium
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
food vacuole
B.
cyst
C.
sporozoite
D.
oocyst
E.
trophozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
heterotrophic nutrition
B.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
motility
E.
cell wall
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Have cell walls
C.
Heterotrophic nutrition
D.
Photosynthetic
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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