Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Francesco Redi
C.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D.
Robert Koch
E.
Joseph Lister
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
cholesterol
B.
starch
C.
wax
D.
phospholipid
E.
triglyceride
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
can only be found growing in laboratories
B.
lack a cell nucleus
C.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
D.
are infectious particles
E.
cause human disease
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
D.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
E.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
pathogens
C.
fermenters
D.
decomposers
E.
eukaryotes
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
immunology
C.
taxonomy
D.
epidemiology
E.
bioremediation
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
decomposers
C.
fermenters
D.
prokaryotes
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Helminths
B.
Bacteria
C.
Fungi
D.
Parasites
E.
Viruses
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
class, phylum,order
B.
kingdom, domain,phylum
C.
genus, species,family
D.
family, genus,species
E.
family, order,class
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
respiratory diseases
B.
measles
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
diarrheal diseases
E.
malaria diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
taxa
B.
identification
C.
common name
D.
classification
E.
nomenclature
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
D.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
hydrogen
B.
carbon
C.
nitrogen
D.
phosphorous
E.
oxygen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
molds
B.
parasitic worms
C.
bacteria
D.
infectious particles
E.
protozoa
Question #18
A.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
B.
bioremediation
C.
nomenclature
D.
recombinant DNA
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
dark field
B.
fluorescence
C.
electron
D.
bright field
E.
phase contrast
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
euglena
B.
algae
C.
mold
D.
green plant
E.
fungus
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Blood
B.
General purpose
C.
EMB
D.
Transport
E.
Thioglycollate
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Dark field
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Electron
D.
Bright field
E.
Fluorescence
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
synthetic
C.
minimal
D.
reducing
E.
complex
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Holds moisture
B.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
C.
Is solid at room temperature
D.
Has flexibility
E.
Is digested by most microbes
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
D.
The culturemedium must be selective.
E.
The culture iscontaminated.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
flagellar stain
B.
negative stain
C.
fixed stained smear
D.
hanging drop
E.
Gram stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Differential interference contrast
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Scanning electron
D.
Transmission electron
E.
Fluorescence
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
capsule staining
B.
using the acid-fast stain
C.
using an acidic dye
D.
simple staining
E.
negative staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
C.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
Magnification
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
Refraction
E.
Resolving power
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enriched
B.
Differential
C.
Reducing
D.
Enumeration
E.
Selective
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
MacConkey medium
B.
blood agar
C.
mannitol salt agar
D.
trypticase soy agar
E.
a reducing medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
B.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
C.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
D.
it is a type of compound microscope
E.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Swab
B.
Pipette
C.
Needle
D.
Loop
E.
Petri dish
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Objective lens
B.
Condenser
C.
Nosepiece
D.
Ocular lens
E.
Body
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
fastidious
C.
autotrophic
D.
microaerophilic
E.
anaerobic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
basal body
B.
hook
C.
outer membrane
D.
filament
E.
sheath
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
C.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
D.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
E.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
cell walls
C.
slime layers
D.
cell membranes
E.
capsules
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
living structures
B.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C.
metabolically inactive
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-negative organisms
B.
mycoplasmas
C.
archaea
D.
gram-positive organisms
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
both gram-positive and -negative
C.
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
tRNA
B.
mRNA
C.
None of thechoices is correct.
D.
rRNA
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
found in archaea
B.
acid fast
C.
a spheroplast
D.
gram-positive
E.
gram-negative
Question #48
A.
flagella
B.
cilia
C.
fimbriae
D.
sex pili
E.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Staphylococcus
B.
Sporosarcina
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Clostridium
E.
Bacillus
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
lophotrichous
B.
atrichous
C.
peritrichous
D.
monotrichous
E.
amphitrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
LPS
B.
fimbriae
C.
inclusions
D.
slime layer
E.
capsule
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are found in all bacteria
B.
cannot be passed on to progeny
C.
cannot be passed between organisms
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
are essential for growth and metabolism
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Cell membrane
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Fimbriae
D.
Slime layer
E.
Capsule
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
sex pili
C.
flagella
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
cilia
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Tetrad
B.
Spirochete
C.
Vibrio
D.
Coccus
E.
Rod
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
nuclear envelope
C.
chromatin
D.
nucleolus
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
flagella
B.
filaments
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
cilia
E.
microtubules
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
helps maintain cell shape
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D.
provides support
E.
anchors organelles
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
sporozoa
B.
trophozoite
C.
cyst
D.
seed
E.
endospore
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
chloroplast
C.
endoplasmic reticulum
D.
mitochondria
E.
lysosome
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are long, whiplike structures
B.
are used for cell motility
C.
facilitate phototaxis
D.
facilitate chemotaxis
E.
contain microtubules
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
D.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleus
B.
lysosome
C.
nucleolus
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
ribosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
substrates
B.
dimorphic
C.
saprobes
D.
parasites
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
dimorphic
C.
spores
D.
saprobes
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
C.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
C.
enzymes found in lysosomes
D.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
E.
found in polyribosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
B.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
E.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
septa
C.
mycelium
D.
molds
E.
dimorphic
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
oocyst
B.
trophozoite
C.
cyst
D.
food vacuole
E.
sporozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
motility
B.
cell wall
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
heterotrophic nutrition
E.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
C.
Heterotrophic nutrition
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Have cell walls
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