East Los Angeles College » Microbiology » Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1

The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.

A. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

B. Joseph Lister

C. Louis Pasteur

D. Francesco Redi

E. Robert Koch

Question #2

All of the following are lipids except _____.

A. cholesterol

B. starch

C. wax

D. triglyceride

E. phospholipid

Question #3

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.

A. can only be found growing in laboratories

B. lack a cell nucleus

C. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

D. are infectious particles

E. cause human disease

Question #4

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.

A. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms

B. a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

C. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

D. microbes are found on dust particles

E. microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills

Question #5

Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.

A. eukaryotes

B. prokaryotes

C. fermenters

D. pathogens

E. decomposers

Question #6

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.

A. genetic engineering

B. bioremediation

C. epidemiology

D. taxonomy

E. immunology

Question #7

Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.

A. prokaryotes

B. decomposers

C. pathogens

D. eukaryotes

E. fermenters

Question #8

Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #9

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

A. Helminths

B. Parasites

C. Fungi

D. Bacteria

E. Viruses

Question #10

Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:

A. kingdom, domain,phylum

B. class, phylum,order

C. family, genus,species

D. family, order,class

E. genus, species,family

Question #11

The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.

A. AIDS-related diseases

B. diarrheal diseases

C. measles

D. respiratory diseases

E. malaria diseases

Question #12

Taxonomy does not involve _____.

A. classification

B. common name

C. taxa

D. identification

E. nomenclature

Question #13

Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?

A. Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms

B. Bacteria are larger than viruses

C. Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses

D. Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria

Question #14

All proteins are enzymes.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #15

Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #16

Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.

A. carbon

B. hydrogen

C. phosphorous

D. nitrogen

E. oxygen

Question #17

Helminths are _____.

A. molds

B. infectious particles

C. protozoa

D. bacteria

E. parasitic worms

Question #18

A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.

A. nomenclature

B. determining if that species is the cause of a new disease

C. determining evolutionary relatedness

D. bioremediation

E. recombinant DNA

Question #19

Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #20

Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.

A. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder

B. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder

C. Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution

D. Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder

Question #21

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

A. dark field

B. fluorescence

C. bright field

D. phase contrast

E. electron

Question #22

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.

A. euglena

B. green plant

C. algae

D. mold

E. fungus

Question #23

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

A. General purpose

B. Transport

C. EMB

D. Thioglycollate

E. Blood

Question #24

Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

A. Dark field

B. Bright field

C. Electron

D. Fluorescence

E. Phase contrast

Question #25

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.

A. synthetic

B. reducing

C. minimal

D. complex

E. enriched

Question #26

Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

A. Is solid at room temperature

B. Is digested by most microbes

C. Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

D. Has flexibility

E. Holds moisture

Question #27

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

A. The incubationtemperature was incorrect.

B. The culture iscontaminated.

C. Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.

D. The culturemedium must be differential.

E. The culturemedium must be selective.

Question #28

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.

A. Gram stain

B. flagellar stain

C. fixed stained smear

D. hanging drop

E. negative stain

Question #29

Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

A. Fluorescence

B. Phase contrast

C. Scanning electron

D. Differential interference contrast

E. Transmission electron

Question #30

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.

A. using an acidic dye

B. simple staining

C. capsule staining

D. using the acid-fast stain

E. negative staining

Question #31

Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.

A. Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

B. Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate

C. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,

D. Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,

Question #32

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

A. All of thechoices are correct.

B. None of the choices are correct.

C. Magnification

D. Resolving power

E. Refraction

Question #33

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

A. Enriched

B. Reducing

C. Enumeration

D. Selective

E. Differential

Question #34

A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.

A. mannitol salt agar

B. MacConkey medium

C. trypticase soy agar

D. blood agar

E. a reducing medium

Question #35

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.

A. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image

B. it is a type of compound microscope

C. it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections

D. it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

E. it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein

Question #36

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

A. Petri dish

B. Loop

C. Pipette

D. Swab

E. Needle

Question #37

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?

A. Condenser

B. Nosepiece

C. Objective lens

D. Body

E. Ocular lens

Question #38

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

A. aerobic

B. autotrophic

C. anaerobic

D. fastidious

E. microaerophilic

Question #39

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.

A. outer membrane

B. hook

C. sheath

D. basal body

E. filament

Question #40

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?

A. Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.

B. The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.

C. The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.

D. The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.

E. The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.

Question #41

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.

A. cell walls

B. inclusions

C. capsules

D. cell membranes

E. slime layers

Question #42

Endospores are ________.

A. resistant to destruction by radiation

B. resistant to heat and chemical destruction

C. living structures

D. metabolically inactive

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #43

Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #44

Lysozyme is most effective against _______.

A. mycoplasmas

B. cyanobacteria

C. gram-positive organisms

D. archaea

E. gram-negative organisms

Question #45

During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

A. both gram-positive and -negative

C. gram-negative

D. gram-positive

Question #46

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.

A. None of thechoices is correct.

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

D. mRNA

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #47

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.

A. gram-positive

B. acid fast

C. found in archaea

D. a spheroplast

E. gram-negative

Question #48

A. flagella

B. fimbriae

C. sex pili

D. cilia

E. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #49

When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #50

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.

A. Clostridium

B. Bacillus

C. Staphylococcus

D. Sporosarcina

E. All of thechoices are correct.

Question #51

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.

A. lophotrichous

B. peritrichous

C. amphitrichous

D. monotrichous

E. atrichous

Question #52

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.

A. fimbriae

B. slime layer

C. inclusions

D. LPS

E. capsule

Question #53

Plasmids ________.

A. are often the site of pathogenic genes

B. are essential for growth and metabolism

C. are found in all bacteria

D. cannot be passed on to progeny

E. cannot be passed between organisms

Question #54

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

A. Capsule

B. Cell membrane

C. Slime layer

D. Fimbriae

E. All of the choices are correct.

Question #55

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.

A. flagella

B. cilia

C. sex pili

D. fimbriae

E. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Question #56

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

A. Tetrad

B. Rod

C. Vibrio

D. Spirochete

E. Coccus

Question #57

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #58

Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.

A. Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer

B. Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols

C. Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

D. Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins

Question #59

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.

A. nucleosome

B. chromatin

C. nuclear envelope

D. nucleoplasm

E. nucleolus

Question #60

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.

A. microtubules

B. filaments

C. None of the choices are correct.

D. cilia

E. flagella

Question #61

The cytoskeleton ________.

A. functions in movements of the cytoplasm

B. provides support

C. All of the choices are correct.

D. anchors organelles

E. helps maintain cell shape

Question #62

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.

A. endospore

B. sporozoa

C. trophozoite

D. cyst

E. seed

Question #63

An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.

A. Golgi apparatus

B. mitochondria

C. lysosome

D. chloroplast

E. endoplasmic reticulum

Question #64

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.

A. contain microtubules

B. are long, whiplike structures

C. are used for cell motility

D. facilitate chemotaxis

E. facilitate phototaxis

Question #65

Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.

A. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

B. Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi

C. Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi

D. Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea

Question #66

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A. nucleolus

B. ribosome

C. lysosome

D. nucleus

E. Golgi apparatus

Question #67

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.

A. parasites

B. nonseptate

C. dimorphic

D. saprobes

E. substrates

Question #68

Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.

A. saprobes

B. parasites

C. dimorphic

D. spores

E. pseudohyphae

Question #69

Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.

A. Protozoa and Animals

B. Algae, Protozoa and Animals

C. Algae, Plants, and Fungi

D. Fungi, Protozoa and Animals

Question #70

Histones are ________.

A. proteins of the cytoskeleton

B. found in polyribosomes

C. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum

D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus

E. enzymes found in lysosomes

Question #71

Which is mismatched?

A. Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever

B. Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease

C. Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection

D. Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection

E. Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water

Question #72

Filamentous fungi are called _______.

A. mycelium

B. dimorphic

C. pseudohyphae

D. molds

E. septa

Question #73

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.

A. food vacuole

B. trophozoite

C. sporozoite

D. oocyst

E. cyst

Question #74

All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.

A. heterotrophic nutrition

B. cell wall

C. formation of a cyst stage

D. motility

E. ectoplasm and endoplasm

Question #75

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A. Heterotrophic nutrition

B. Include single-celled and filamentous forms

C. Have cell walls

D. Can use a wide variety of nutrients

E. Photosynthetic

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Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4

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