Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Francesco Redi
B.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C.
Joseph Lister
D.
Robert Koch
E.
Louis Pasteur
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
cholesterol
B.
phospholipid
C.
starch
D.
triglyceride
E.
wax
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
cause human disease
B.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
are infectious particles
E.
can only be found growing in laboratories
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
D.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
E.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
prokaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
eukaryotes
E.
decomposers
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
bioremediation
B.
taxonomy
C.
epidemiology
D.
genetic engineering
E.
immunology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
pathogens
C.
fermenters
D.
decomposers
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Bacteria
B.
Helminths
C.
Fungi
D.
Parasites
E.
Viruses
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
genus, species,family
B.
family, genus,species
C.
kingdom, domain,phylum
D.
family, order,class
E.
class, phylum,order
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
diarrheal diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
respiratory diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
identification
B.
nomenclature
C.
common name
D.
classification
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
C.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
oxygen
B.
carbon
C.
hydrogen
D.
nitrogen
E.
phosphorous
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
molds
B.
parasitic worms
C.
protozoa
D.
infectious particles
E.
bacteria
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
B.
recombinant DNA
C.
bioremediation
D.
nomenclature
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
dark field
B.
bright field
C.
fluorescence
D.
electron
E.
phase contrast
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
green plant
B.
mold
C.
euglena
D.
fungus
E.
algae
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
General purpose
B.
EMB
C.
Transport
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Electron
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Bright field
E.
Dark field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
reducing
B.
minimal
C.
complex
D.
synthetic
E.
enriched
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Has flexibility
B.
Is solid at room temperature
C.
Holds moisture
D.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
E.
Is digested by most microbes
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be selective.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The culture iscontaminated.
D.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
E.
The culturemedium must be differential.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
negative stain
B.
flagellar stain
C.
hanging drop
D.
fixed stained smear
E.
Gram stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Scanning electron
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Transmission electron
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Differential interference contrast
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
capsule staining
B.
simple staining
C.
using the acid-fast stain
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
negative staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Magnification
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
Resolving power
E.
Refraction
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Reducing
B.
Selective
C.
Enriched
D.
Differential
E.
Enumeration
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
mannitol salt agar
B.
MacConkey medium
C.
blood agar
D.
a reducing medium
E.
trypticase soy agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
B.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
C.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
D.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
E.
it is a type of compound microscope
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Needle
B.
Pipette
C.
Petri dish
D.
Swab
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Body
B.
Ocular lens
C.
Condenser
D.
Objective lens
E.
Nosepiece
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
autotrophic
C.
anaerobic
D.
microaerophilic
E.
fastidious
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
filament
B.
sheath
C.
basal body
D.
hook
E.
outer membrane
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
B.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
C.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
D.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
E.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell walls
B.
cell membranes
C.
slime layers
D.
inclusions
E.
capsules
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to destruction by radiation
B.
metabolically inactive
C.
living structures
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
archaea
D.
mycoplasmas
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
B.
gram-positive
C.
gram-negative
D.
both gram-positive and -negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
tRNA
B.
None of thechoices is correct.
C.
rRNA
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
mRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
found in archaea
B.
gram-positive
C.
a spheroplast
D.
acid fast
E.
gram-negative
Question #48
A.
fimbriae
B.
sex pili
C.
cilia
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
Staphylococcus
D.
Sporosarcina
E.
Clostridium
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
lophotrichous
B.
atrichous
C.
monotrichous
D.
peritrichous
E.
amphitrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
capsule
B.
LPS
C.
inclusions
D.
fimbriae
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are essential for growth and metabolism
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
cannot be passed on to progeny
D.
cannot be passed between organisms
E.
are found in all bacteria
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Fimbriae
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Slime layer
D.
Cell membrane
E.
Capsule
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
cilia
C.
flagella
D.
sex pili
E.
fimbriae
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Coccus
C.
Tetrad
D.
Spirochete
E.
Rod
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
D.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
nucleoplasm
C.
chromatin
D.
nuclear envelope
E.
nucleolus
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
microtubules
B.
filaments
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
flagella
E.
cilia
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
C.
helps maintain cell shape
D.
provides support
E.
anchors organelles
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
sporozoa
B.
endospore
C.
seed
D.
trophozoite
E.
cyst
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
lysosome
C.
mitochondria
D.
chloroplast
E.
endoplasmic reticulum
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
facilitate phototaxis
B.
are long, whiplike structures
C.
are used for cell motility
D.
contain microtubules
E.
facilitate chemotaxis
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleolus
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
ribosome
D.
nucleus
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
substrates
B.
nonseptate
C.
parasites
D.
saprobes
E.
dimorphic
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
saprobes
C.
dimorphic
D.
pseudohyphae
E.
parasites
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Protozoa and Animals
D.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
B.
enzymes found in lysosomes
C.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
D.
found in polyribosomes
E.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
B.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
C.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
D.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
E.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
septa
B.
mycelium
C.
dimorphic
D.
molds
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
food vacuole
B.
trophozoite
C.
sporozoite
D.
oocyst
E.
cyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
B.
motility
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
heterotrophic nutrition
E.
cell wall
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Have cell walls
B.
Heterotrophic nutrition
C.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.
Photosynthetic
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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