Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B.
Louis Pasteur
C.
Joseph Lister
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Robert Koch
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
phospholipid
B.
triglyceride
C.
cholesterol
D.
starch
E.
wax
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
are infectious particles
B.
can only be found growing in laboratories
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
cause human disease
E.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
C.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
D.
microbes are found on dust particles
E.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
pathogens
C.
prokaryotes
D.
eukaryotes
E.
fermenters
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
epidemiology
B.
bioremediation
C.
taxonomy
D.
immunology
E.
genetic engineering
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
decomposers
B.
fermenters
C.
prokaryotes
D.
eukaryotes
E.
pathogens
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Viruses
B.
Fungi
C.
Parasites
D.
Bacteria
E.
Helminths
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
class, phylum,order
B.
genus, species,family
C.
family, order,class
D.
kingdom, domain,phylum
E.
family, genus,species
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
diarrheal diseases
B.
respiratory diseases
C.
malaria diseases
D.
AIDS-related diseases
E.
measles
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
classification
B.
common name
C.
taxa
D.
nomenclature
E.
identification
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
D.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
nitrogen
B.
carbon
C.
phosphorous
D.
oxygen
E.
hydrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
protozoa
B.
parasitic worms
C.
bacteria
D.
infectious particles
E.
molds
Question #18
A.
determining evolutionary relatedness
B.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
C.
nomenclature
D.
bioremediation
E.
recombinant DNA
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
bright field
B.
phase contrast
C.
electron
D.
fluorescence
E.
dark field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
euglena
C.
algae
D.
fungus
E.
green plant
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Transport
B.
EMB
C.
General purpose
D.
Thioglycollate
E.
Blood
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Dark field
C.
Bright field
D.
Electron
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
minimal
B.
complex
C.
enriched
D.
reducing
E.
synthetic
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Has flexibility
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Is solid at room temperature
D.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
E.
Is digested by most microbes
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be selective.
B.
The culturemedium must be differential.
C.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
D.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
E.
The culture iscontaminated.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
flagellar stain
B.
Gram stain
C.
fixed stained smear
D.
hanging drop
E.
negative stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Scanning electron
C.
Differential interference contrast
D.
Transmission electron
E.
Fluorescence
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
using the acid-fast stain
B.
negative staining
C.
using an acidic dye
D.
capsule staining
E.
simple staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
B.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
Refraction
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
Resolving power
E.
Magnification
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Selective
B.
Differential
C.
Reducing
D.
Enumeration
E.
Enriched
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
a reducing medium
B.
blood agar
C.
MacConkey medium
D.
trypticase soy agar
E.
mannitol salt agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
B.
it is a type of compound microscope
C.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
D.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
E.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Swab
B.
Needle
C.
Pipette
D.
Petri dish
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Ocular lens
B.
Objective lens
C.
Body
D.
Nosepiece
E.
Condenser
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
autotrophic
C.
microaerophilic
D.
fastidious
E.
anaerobic
Question #39
A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _______.
A.
outer membrane
B.
hook
C.
sheath
D.
basal body
E.
filament
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
C.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
capsules
B.
cell walls
C.
slime layers
D.
inclusions
E.
cell membranes
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
living structures
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
resistant to destruction by radiation
D.
metabolically inactive
E.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
archaea
C.
mycoplasmas
D.
gram-negative organisms
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
both gram-positive and -negative
B.
gram-negative
C.
gram-positive
D.
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
None of thechoices is correct.
B.
rRNA
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
tRNA
E.
mRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
a spheroplast
B.
acid fast
C.
found in archaea
D.
gram-negative
E.
gram-positive
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
sex pili
B.
flagella
C.
fimbriae
D.
cilia
E.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Staphylococcus
B.
Clostridium
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Bacillus
E.
Sporosarcina
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
amphitrichous
B.
monotrichous
C.
peritrichous
D.
lophotrichous
E.
atrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
slime layer
C.
fimbriae
D.
capsule
E.
LPS
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed between organisms
B.
are found in all bacteria
C.
are essential for growth and metabolism
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
cannot be passed on to progeny
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Fimbriae
B.
Capsule
C.
Cell membrane
D.
Slime layer
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
sex pili
B.
fimbriae
C.
flagella
D.
cilia
E.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Coccus
B.
Vibrio
C.
Tetrad
D.
Spirochete
E.
Rod
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
B.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
D.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleolus
B.
nucleoplasm
C.
nucleosome
D.
nuclear envelope
E.
chromatin
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
microtubules
B.
cilia
C.
flagella
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
B.
anchors organelles
C.
provides support
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
helps maintain cell shape
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
sporozoa
B.
seed
C.
cyst
D.
trophozoite
E.
endospore
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
mitochondria
B.
endoplasmic reticulum
C.
lysosome
D.
chloroplast
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
facilitate chemotaxis
B.
are long, whiplike structures
C.
are used for cell motility
D.
facilitate phototaxis
E.
contain microtubules
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleolus
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
ribosome
D.
nucleus
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
saprobes
B.
substrates
C.
parasites
D.
dimorphic
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
dimorphic
C.
saprobes
D.
parasites
E.
pseudohyphae
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
found in polyribosomes
B.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
D.
enzymes found in lysosomes
E.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
B.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
E.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
septa
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
mycelium
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
cyst
B.
trophozoite
C.
oocyst
D.
food vacuole
E.
sporozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
heterotrophic nutrition
B.
cell wall
C.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
D.
motility
E.
formation of a cyst stage
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Have cell walls
C.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Heterotrophic nutrition
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