Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Robert Koch
B.
Joseph Lister
C.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D.
Louis Pasteur
E.
Francesco Redi
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
triglyceride
B.
wax
C.
starch
D.
cholesterol
E.
phospholipid
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
cause human disease
B.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
C.
can only be found growing in laboratories
D.
are infectious particles
E.
lack a cell nucleus
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
C.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
D.
microbes are found on dust particles
E.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
eukaryotes
B.
fermenters
C.
prokaryotes
D.
decomposers
E.
pathogens
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
taxonomy
C.
epidemiology
D.
immunology
E.
bioremediation
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
prokaryotes
C.
fermenters
D.
decomposers
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Parasites
B.
Bacteria
C.
Helminths
D.
Viruses
E.
Fungi
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, genus,species
B.
family, order,class
C.
genus, species,family
D.
class, phylum,order
E.
kingdom, domain,phylum
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
diarrheal diseases
C.
malaria diseases
D.
measles
E.
respiratory diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
nomenclature
B.
classification
C.
common name
D.
identification
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
D.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
oxygen
B.
carbon
C.
nitrogen
D.
hydrogen
E.
phosphorous
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
infectious particles
B.
parasitic worms
C.
bacteria
D.
molds
E.
protozoa
Question #18
A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on ________.
A.
nomenclature
B.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
C.
recombinant DNA
D.
bioremediation
E.
determining evolutionary relatedness
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
phase contrast
B.
dark field
C.
fluorescence
D.
bright field
E.
electron
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
green plant
B.
mold
C.
euglena
D.
algae
E.
fungus
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
Thioglycollate
B.
Blood
C.
General purpose
D.
EMB
E.
Transport
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Electron
B.
Dark field
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Bright field
E.
Phase contrast
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
synthetic
C.
minimal
D.
complex
E.
reducing
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is digested by most microbes
B.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
C.
Is solid at room temperature
D.
Holds moisture
E.
Has flexibility
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
B.
The culturemedium must be selective.
C.
The culture iscontaminated.
D.
The culturemedium must be differential.
E.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
hanging drop
B.
negative stain
C.
Gram stain
D.
fixed stained smear
E.
flagellar stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Differential interference contrast
D.
Scanning electron
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
negative staining
B.
simple staining
C.
capsule staining
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
using the acid-fast stain
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
B.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
C.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Refraction
B.
Magnification
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Resolving power
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Selective
B.
Enriched
C.
Reducing
D.
Differential
E.
Enumeration
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
trypticase soy agar
B.
blood agar
C.
MacConkey medium
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
a reducing medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is a type of compound microscope
B.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
C.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
D.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
E.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Needle
B.
Petri dish
C.
Pipette
D.
Swab
E.
Loop
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Body
B.
Objective lens
C.
Ocular lens
D.
Condenser
E.
Nosepiece
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
autotrophic
C.
fastidious
D.
anaerobic
E.
microaerophilic
Question #39
A.
filament
B.
outer membrane
C.
sheath
D.
hook
E.
basal body
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
B.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
C.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
E.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
inclusions
B.
capsules
C.
cell membranes
D.
slime layers
E.
cell walls
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
metabolically inactive
B.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C.
living structures
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
archaea
D.
mycoplasmas
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
B.
gram-negative
C.
both gram-positive and -negative
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
tRNA
B.
None of thechoices is correct.
C.
rRNA
D.
mRNA
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
a spheroplast
B.
found in archaea
C.
gram-negative
D.
acid fast
E.
gram-positive
Question #48
A.
sex pili
B.
fimbriae
C.
flagella
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
cilia
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Clostridium
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
Sporosarcina
D.
Staphylococcus
E.
Bacillus
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
atrichous
B.
monotrichous
C.
lophotrichous
D.
amphitrichous
E.
peritrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
LPS
B.
slime layer
C.
capsule
D.
inclusions
E.
fimbriae
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are found in all bacteria
B.
cannot be passed between organisms
C.
cannot be passed on to progeny
D.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
E.
are essential for growth and metabolism
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Fimbriae
C.
Cell membrane
D.
Slime layer
E.
Capsule
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
sex pili
C.
flagella
D.
cilia
E.
fimbriae
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Spirochete
C.
Coccus
D.
Rod
E.
Tetrad
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
C.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
D.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
chromatin
B.
nucleolus
C.
nuclear envelope
D.
nucleosome
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
microtubules
B.
filaments
C.
cilia
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
flagella
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
anchors organelles
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
provides support
D.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
E.
helps maintain cell shape
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
cyst
B.
trophozoite
C.
endospore
D.
sporozoa
E.
seed
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
mitochondria
B.
lysosome
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
endoplasmic reticulum
E.
chloroplast
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
facilitate chemotaxis
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
are long, whiplike structures
D.
contain microtubules
E.
are used for cell motility
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
ribosome
C.
nucleolus
D.
lysosome
E.
nucleus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
nonseptate
C.
parasites
D.
substrates
E.
saprobes
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
parasites
D.
saprobes
E.
dimorphic
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
B.
Protozoa and Animals
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
enzymes found in lysosomes
B.
found in polyribosomes
C.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
D.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
E.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
B.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
E.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
mycelium
B.
molds
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
dimorphic
E.
septa
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
cyst
B.
food vacuole
C.
oocyst
D.
trophozoite
E.
sporozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
heterotrophic nutrition
B.
cell wall
C.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
D.
motility
E.
formation of a cyst stage
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Heterotrophic nutrition
C.
Have cell walls
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
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