Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Louis Pasteur
B.
Joseph Lister
C.
Francesco Redi
D.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
E.
Robert Koch
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
starch
B.
triglyceride
C.
cholesterol
D.
phospholipid
E.
wax
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
can only be found growing in laboratories
B.
cause human disease
C.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
D.
lack a cell nucleus
E.
are infectious particles
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
B.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
C.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
D.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
E.
microbes are found on dust particles
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
prokaryotes
C.
eukaryotes
D.
decomposers
E.
pathogens
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
epidemiology
B.
bioremediation
C.
immunology
D.
genetic engineering
E.
taxonomy
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
decomposers
C.
prokaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Fungi
B.
Bacteria
C.
Viruses
D.
Parasites
E.
Helminths
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
kingdom, domain,phylum
B.
genus, species,family
C.
family, order,class
D.
family, genus,species
E.
class, phylum,order
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
malaria diseases
B.
measles
C.
AIDS-related diseases
D.
respiratory diseases
E.
diarrheal diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
taxa
B.
nomenclature
C.
common name
D.
classification
E.
identification
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
D.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
phosphorous
B.
carbon
C.
nitrogen
D.
hydrogen
E.
oxygen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
protozoa
B.
infectious particles
C.
bacteria
D.
molds
E.
parasitic worms
Question #18
A.
determining evolutionary relatedness
B.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
C.
recombinant DNA
D.
nomenclature
E.
bioremediation
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
phase contrast
B.
electron
C.
fluorescence
D.
dark field
E.
bright field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
green plant
C.
euglena
D.
fungus
E.
algae
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
General purpose
B.
EMB
C.
Transport
D.
Blood
E.
Thioglycollate
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Dark field
B.
Fluorescence
C.
Electron
D.
Phase contrast
E.
Bright field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
minimal
C.
complex
D.
synthetic
E.
reducing
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Has flexibility
B.
Is solid at room temperature
C.
Holds moisture
D.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
E.
Is digested by most microbes
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be selective.
B.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
C.
The culture iscontaminated.
D.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
E.
The culturemedium must be differential.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
fixed stained smear
B.
flagellar stain
C.
hanging drop
D.
Gram stain
E.
negative stain
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Scanning electron
D.
Differential interference contrast
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
capsule staining
B.
negative staining
C.
using an acidic dye
D.
using the acid-fast stain
E.
simple staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Magnification
B.
Refraction
C.
Resolving power
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Enriched
B.
Enumeration
C.
Selective
D.
Reducing
E.
Differential
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
trypticase soy agar
B.
MacConkey medium
C.
a reducing medium
D.
blood agar
E.
mannitol salt agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
B.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
C.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
D.
it is a type of compound microscope
E.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Needle
C.
Petri dish
D.
Loop
E.
Swab
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Objective lens
B.
Body
C.
Ocular lens
D.
Condenser
E.
Nosepiece
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
anaerobic
B.
autotrophic
C.
aerobic
D.
microaerophilic
E.
fastidious
Question #39
A.
hook
B.
outer membrane
C.
filament
D.
basal body
E.
sheath
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
B.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
C.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
D.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
E.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
capsules
B.
cell walls
C.
slime layers
D.
inclusions
E.
cell membranes
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
living structures
B.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
C.
resistant to destruction by radiation
D.
metabolically inactive
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
mycoplasmas
C.
gram-negative organisms
D.
cyanobacteria
E.
archaea
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
gram-negative
B.
both gram-positive and -negative
C.
gram-positive
D.
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
mRNA
B.
tRNA
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
None of thechoices is correct.
E.
rRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
gram-positive
B.
a spheroplast
C.
acid fast
D.
gram-negative
E.
found in archaea
Question #48
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
flagella
C.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.
sex pili
E.
cilia
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Staphylococcus
B.
Clostridium
C.
Bacillus
D.
Sporosarcina
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
monotrichous
B.
peritrichous
C.
atrichous
D.
amphitrichous
E.
lophotrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
capsule
C.
inclusions
D.
LPS
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
are found in all bacteria
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
cannot be passed on to progeny
D.
are essential for growth and metabolism
E.
cannot be passed between organisms
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Slime layer
B.
Fimbriae
C.
Cell membrane
D.
Capsule
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
flagella
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
sex pili
D.
fimbriae
E.
cilia
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Rod
C.
Coccus
D.
Tetrad
E.
Spirochete
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
B.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
D.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
chromatin
B.
nucleosome
C.
nucleolus
D.
nuclear envelope
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
filaments
B.
cilia
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
flagella
E.
microtubules
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
helps maintain cell shape
B.
anchors organelles
C.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D.
provides support
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
sporozoa
C.
endospore
D.
seed
E.
cyst
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
mitochondria
C.
chloroplast
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
lysosome
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are long, whiplike structures
B.
facilitate chemotaxis
C.
facilitate phototaxis
D.
contain microtubules
E.
are used for cell motility
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
C.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
D.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleolus
B.
nucleus
C.
lysosome
D.
ribosome
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
saprobes
C.
dimorphic
D.
substrates
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
saprobes
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
parasites
E.
dimorphic
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Protozoa and Animals
B.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
B.
enzymes found in lysosomes
C.
found in polyribosomes
D.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
E.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
B.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
C.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
D.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
E.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
dimorphic
B.
pseudohyphae
C.
mycelium
D.
septa
E.
molds
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
oocyst
B.
sporozoite
C.
food vacuole
D.
trophozoite
E.
cyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
motility
B.
heterotrophic nutrition
C.
formation of a cyst stage
D.
cell wall
E.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Have cell walls
C.
Photosynthetic
D.
Heterotrophic nutrition
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
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