Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
B.
Francesco Redi
C.
Louis Pasteur
D.
Joseph Lister
E.
Robert Koch
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
cholesterol
B.
phospholipid
C.
wax
D.
starch
E.
triglyceride
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
are infectious particles
B.
lack a cell nucleus
C.
can only be found growing in laboratories
D.
cause human disease
E.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
C.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
D.
microbes are found on dust particles
E.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
eukaryotes
C.
pathogens
D.
decomposers
E.
fermenters
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
epidemiology
B.
immunology
C.
taxonomy
D.
genetic engineering
E.
bioremediation
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
prokaryotes
C.
decomposers
D.
fermenters
E.
eukaryotes
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Viruses
B.
Helminths
C.
Parasites
D.
Bacteria
E.
Fungi
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
family, genus,species
B.
kingdom, domain,phylum
C.
family, order,class
D.
genus, species,family
E.
class, phylum,order
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
AIDS-related diseases
B.
malaria diseases
C.
measles
D.
respiratory diseases
E.
diarrheal diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
identification
B.
common name
C.
classification
D.
nomenclature
E.
taxa
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
B.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
C.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
D.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
hydrogen
B.
phosphorous
C.
oxygen
D.
carbon
E.
nitrogen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
protozoa
B.
molds
C.
infectious particles
D.
parasitic worms
E.
bacteria
Question #18
A.
recombinant DNA
B.
bioremediation
C.
determining evolutionary relatedness
D.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
E.
nomenclature
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
electron
B.
fluorescence
C.
dark field
D.
bright field
E.
phase contrast
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
green plant
B.
fungus
C.
mold
D.
euglena
E.
algae
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
EMB
B.
Thioglycollate
C.
General purpose
D.
Blood
E.
Transport
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Dark field
D.
Bright field
E.
Electron
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
synthetic
C.
minimal
D.
complex
E.
reducing
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Holds moisture
B.
Is solid at room temperature
C.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
D.
Is digested by most microbes
E.
Has flexibility
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
B.
The culture iscontaminated.
C.
The culturemedium must be differential.
D.
The culturemedium must be selective.
E.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
negative stain
B.
hanging drop
C.
Gram stain
D.
flagellar stain
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Phase contrast
B.
Transmission electron
C.
Fluorescence
D.
Differential interference contrast
E.
Scanning electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
capsule staining
B.
simple staining
C.
negative staining
D.
using an acidic dye
E.
using the acid-fast stain
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
All of thechoices are correct.
C.
Refraction
D.
Resolving power
E.
Magnification
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Selective
B.
Enumeration
C.
Reducing
D.
Differential
E.
Enriched
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
blood agar
B.
mannitol salt agar
C.
trypticase soy agar
D.
a reducing medium
E.
MacConkey medium
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it is a type of compound microscope
B.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
C.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
D.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
E.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Petri dish
B.
Loop
C.
Needle
D.
Swab
E.
Pipette
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Objective lens
B.
Condenser
C.
Body
D.
Ocular lens
E.
Nosepiece
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
autotrophic
B.
aerobic
C.
anaerobic
D.
fastidious
E.
microaerophilic
Question #39
A.
sheath
B.
hook
C.
outer membrane
D.
filament
E.
basal body
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
C.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell membranes
B.
slime layers
C.
inclusions
D.
capsules
E.
cell walls
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
resistant to destruction by radiation
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
living structures
D.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
E.
metabolically inactive
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-positive organisms
B.
mycoplasmas
C.
archaea
D.
gram-negative organisms
E.
cyanobacteria
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
both gram-positive and -negative
B.
gram-negative
C.
D.
gram-positive
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
rRNA
B.
None of thechoices is correct.
C.
tRNA
D.
mRNA
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
found in archaea
B.
gram-negative
C.
a spheroplast
D.
gram-positive
E.
acid fast
Question #48
A.
fimbriae
B.
cilia
C.
sex pili
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
flagella
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Sporosarcina
B.
Clostridium
C.
Staphylococcus
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
Bacillus
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
monotrichous
B.
lophotrichous
C.
amphitrichous
D.
peritrichous
E.
atrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
capsule
B.
inclusions
C.
fimbriae
D.
LPS
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed between organisms
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
cannot be passed on to progeny
D.
are essential for growth and metabolism
E.
are found in all bacteria
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Capsule
B.
Fimbriae
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Cell membrane
E.
Slime layer
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
sex pili
C.
flagella
D.
cilia
E.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Rod
B.
Coccus
C.
Spirochete
D.
Vibrio
E.
Tetrad
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
C.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
D.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nuclear envelope
B.
nucleolus
C.
nucleoplasm
D.
nucleosome
E.
chromatin
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
cilia
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
flagella
D.
filaments
E.
microtubules
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
anchors organelles
C.
provides support
D.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
E.
helps maintain cell shape
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
trophozoite
B.
endospore
C.
cyst
D.
seed
E.
sporozoa
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
mitochondria
B.
lysosome
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
endoplasmic reticulum
E.
chloroplast
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are long, whiplike structures
B.
are used for cell motility
C.
facilitate chemotaxis
D.
contain microtubules
E.
facilitate phototaxis
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
C.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
D.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleus
B.
ribosome
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
nucleolus
E.
lysosome
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
saprobes
B.
dimorphic
C.
substrates
D.
nonseptate
E.
parasites
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
dimorphic
C.
saprobes
D.
pseudohyphae
E.
spores
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
B.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
enzymes found in lysosomes
D.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
E.
found in polyribosomes
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
B.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
E.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
pseudohyphae
B.
dimorphic
C.
molds
D.
septa
E.
mycelium
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
food vacuole
B.
cyst
C.
sporozoite
D.
trophozoite
E.
oocyst
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
B.
heterotrophic nutrition
C.
cell wall
D.
formation of a cyst stage
E.
motility
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Photosynthetic
B.
Heterotrophic nutrition
C.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Have cell walls
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