Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 1 _Ch 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question #1
The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was _____.
A.
Joseph Lister
B.
Louis Pasteur
C.
Robert Koch
D.
Francesco Redi
E.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Question #2
All of the following are lipids except _____.
A.
cholesterol
B.
phospholipid
C.
triglyceride
D.
wax
E.
starch
Question #3
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ______.
A.
can only be found growing in laboratories
B.
are infectious particles
C.
lack a cell nucleus
D.
are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
E.
cause human disease
Question #4
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that ______.
A.
life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
B.
microbes are found on dust particles
C.
microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
D.
a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
E.
a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom
Question #5
Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called _____.
A.
pathogens
B.
eukaryotes
C.
prokaryotes
D.
fermenters
E.
decomposers
Question #6
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called _____.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
taxonomy
C.
bioremediation
D.
immunology
E.
epidemiology
Question #7
Disease-causing microorganisms are called _____.
A.
fermenters
B.
prokaryotes
C.
eukaryotes
D.
decomposers
E.
pathogens
Question #8
Despite the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus, bacteria and archaea are cells with a complex organizational structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A.
Parasites
B.
Bacteria
C.
Viruses
D.
Fungi
E.
Helminths
Question #10
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A.
class, phylum,order
B.
family, order,class
C.
genus, species,family
D.
kingdom, domain,phylum
E.
family, genus,species
Question #11
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are _____.
A.
malaria diseases
B.
measles
C.
diarrheal diseases
D.
respiratory diseases
E.
AIDS-related diseases
Question #12
Taxonomy does not involve _____.
A.
common name
B.
identification
C.
classification
D.
taxa
E.
nomenclature
Question #13
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms?
A.
Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms
B.
Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
C.
Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses
D.
Bacteria are larger than viruses
Question #14
All proteins are enzymes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
Most microorganisms that are found in and on humans do not cause harm and can sometimes benefit the host.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
carbon
B.
hydrogen
C.
nitrogen
D.
phosphorous
E.
oxygen
Question #17
Helminths are _____.
A.
molds
B.
infectious particles
C.
protozoa
D.
parasitic worms
E.
bacteria
Question #18
A.
nomenclature
B.
recombinant DNA
C.
determining evolutionary relatedness
D.
bioremediation
E.
determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
Question #19
Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of organization.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Select the elements necessary for good microscopy.
A.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Use of wavelengths other than the visible spectrum, Specimen holder
B.
Adequate magnification, Contrast, Resolution
C.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Adequate magnification, Specimen holder
D.
Ability to observe cells in the living state, Contrast, Specimen holder
Question #21
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
electron
B.
phase contrast
C.
dark field
D.
fluorescence
E.
bright field
Question #22
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
mold
B.
fungus
C.
algae
D.
euglena
E.
green plant
Question #23
Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?
A.
General purpose
B.
EMB
C.
Thioglycollate
D.
Blood
E.
Transport
Question #24
Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Electron
D.
Dark field
E.
Bright field
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
reducing
B.
complex
C.
minimal
D.
synthetic
E.
enriched
Question #26
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Holds moisture
B.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
C.
Has flexibility
D.
Is solid at room temperature
E.
Is digested by most microbes
Question #27
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culturemedium must be differential.
B.
Themicrobiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The culturemedium must be selective.
D.
The culture iscontaminated.
E.
The incubationtemperature was incorrect.
Question #28
The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ______.
A.
Gram stain
B.
negative stain
C.
flagellar stain
D.
hanging drop
E.
fixed stained smear
Question #29
Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?
A.
Fluorescence
B.
Phase contrast
C.
Differential interference contrast
D.
Scanning electron
E.
Transmission electron
Question #30
A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of ______.
A.
simple staining
B.
negative staining
C.
using an acidic dye
D.
using the acid-fast stain
E.
capsule staining
Question #31
Select the methods below that enable the isolation of bacteria.
A.
Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media, Quadrant streak plate
B.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Bright-field microscopy, Use of selective media,
C.
Gram stain, Loop dilution, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
D.
Gram stain, Bright-field microscopy, Spread plate, Use of selective media,
Question #32
Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?
A.
Resolving power
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
All of thechoices are correct.
D.
Magnification
E.
Refraction
Question #33
Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
A.
Selective
B.
Reducing
C.
Enriched
D.
Differential
E.
Enumeration
Question #34
A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is ______.
A.
trypticase soy agar
B.
MacConkey medium
C.
a reducing medium
D.
mannitol salt agar
E.
blood agar
Question #35
All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ______.
A.
it requires an ultraviolet radiation source
B.
it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein
C.
it is a type of compound microscope
D.
it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections
E.
it uses electrons to produce a specimen image
Question #36
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Needle
B.
Loop
C.
Swab
D.
Petri dish
E.
Pipette
Question #37
Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image?
A.
Objective lens
B.
Condenser
C.
Ocular lens
D.
Nosepiece
E.
Body
Question #38
Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.
A.
aerobic
B.
fastidious
C.
autotrophic
D.
microaerophilic
E.
anaerobic
Question #39
A.
filament
B.
basal body
C.
hook
D.
sheath
E.
outer membrane
Question #40
Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane?
A.
The innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer.
B.
Gram-positivebacteria have an outer membrane.
C.
The lipid portionof the lipopolysaccharide layer is an endotoxin.
D.
The porinproteins create channels through the outer membrane.
E.
The uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharides.
Question #41
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell membranes
B.
slime layers
C.
cell walls
D.
capsules
E.
inclusions
Question #42
Endospores are ________.
A.
metabolically inactive
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
resistant to heat and chemical destruction
D.
resistant to destruction by radiation
E.
living structures
Question #43
Each bacterial species represents a distinct organism that can produce viable offspring when mating with other bacteria of its kind.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-negative organisms
B.
mycoplasmas
C.
cyanobacteria
D.
gram-positive organisms
E.
archaea
Question #45
During the Gram stain, ______ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.
A.
both gram-positive and -negative
B.
gram-positive
C.
D.
gram-negative
Question #46
The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _______.
A.
All of thechoices are correct.
B.
None of thechoices is correct.
C.
mRNA
D.
rRNA
E.
tRNA
Question #47
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
gram-positive
C.
a spheroplast
D.
found in archaea
E.
gram-negative
Question #48
A.
cilia
B.
sex pili
C.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.
flagella
E.
fimbriae
Question #49
When an endospore germinates, it develops into multiple vegetative cells ensuring reproductive success.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Bacterial endospores are not produced by _______.
A.
Bacillus
B.
Sporosarcina
C.
Clostridium
D.
Staphylococcus
E.
All of thechoices are correct.
Question #51
The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _______.
A.
peritrichous
B.
amphitrichous
C.
lophotrichous
D.
monotrichous
E.
atrichous
Question #52
All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _______.
A.
capsule
B.
fimbriae
C.
LPS
D.
inclusions
E.
slime layer
Question #53
Plasmids ________.
A.
cannot be passed on to progeny
B.
are often the site of pathogenic genes
C.
are essential for growth and metabolism
D.
cannot be passed between organisms
E.
are found in all bacteria
Question #54
Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?
A.
Slime layer
B.
Cell membrane
C.
Capsule
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Fimbriae
Question #55
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _______.
A.
sex pili
B.
cilia
C.
fimbriae
D.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
E.
flagella
Question #56
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Rod
C.
Tetrad
D.
Spirochete
E.
Coccus
Question #57
The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #58
Select characteristics exhibited by BOTH bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasmic membranes.
A.
Phospholipid bilayer, Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
B.
Sterols, Selectively permeable barrier, and Embedded proteins
C.
Transport systems, Selectively permeable barrier, and Sterols
D.
Sterols, Transport systems and Phospholipid bilayer
Question #59
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nuclear envelope
B.
nucleoplasm
C.
nucleolus
D.
chromatin
E.
nucleosome
Question #60
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
microtubules
C.
flagella
D.
cilia
E.
filaments
Question #61
The cytoskeleton ________.
A.
anchors organelles
B.
provides support
C.
functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
helps maintain cell shape
Question #62
During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a(n) ______.
A.
endospore
B.
cyst
C.
sporozoa
D.
seed
E.
trophozoite
Question #63
An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
mitochondria
C.
chloroplast
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
lysosome
Question #64
Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________.
A.
are used for cell motility
B.
facilitate phototaxis
C.
facilitate chemotaxis
D.
contain microtubules
E.
are long, whiplike structures
Question #65
Select all of the groups on this list that contain eukaryotic microorganisms.
A.
Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
B.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi
C.
Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, and Fungi
D.
Protozoa, Bacteria, Viruses and Archaea
Question #66
The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.
A.
nucleolus
B.
lysosome
C.
ribosome
D.
nucleus
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #67
Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _______.
A.
parasites
B.
substrates
C.
dimorphic
D.
saprobes
E.
nonseptate
Question #68
Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called _______.
A.
spores
B.
saprobes
C.
dimorphic
D.
pseudohyphae
E.
parasites
Question #69
Select the organisms that typically have cell walls.
A.
Algae, Protozoa and Animals
B.
Fungi, Protozoa and Animals
C.
Protozoa and Animals
D.
Algae, Plants, and Fungi
Question #70
Histones are ________.
A.
proteins of the cytoskeleton
B.
found in polyribosomes
C.
enzymes found in lysosomes
D.
on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
E.
proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
Question #71
Which is mismatched?
A.
Plasmodium—protozoan that causes Chagas disease
B.
Giardia— causes intestinal distress; transmitted by feces in drinking water
C.
Naegleria—amoeba that causes brain infection
D.
Histoplasma—fungus that causes Ohio Valley fever
E.
Trichomonas—sexually transmitted vaginal infection
Question #72
Filamentous fungi are called _______.
A.
molds
B.
septa
C.
pseudohyphae
D.
mycelium
E.
dimorphic
Question #73
The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _______.
A.
food vacuole
B.
oocyst
C.
cyst
D.
trophozoite
E.
sporozoite
Question #74
All of the following are found in some or all protozoa except ________.
A.
formation of a cyst stage
B.
motility
C.
ectoplasm and endoplasm
D.
cell wall
E.
heterotrophic nutrition
Question #75
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Have cell walls
B.
Photosynthetic
C.
Heterotrophic nutrition
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
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