Los Angeles City College » Physiology » Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2022

Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2022 » Exam 2 (Unit 2)

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Question #1

During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #2

In myelinated axons, the voltage-regulated sodium and potassium channels are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #3

Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli that will produce the same effect every time.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #4

A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #5

If a postsynaptic cell is stimulated to threshold by temporal summation this implies that ________.

A. a presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP

B. the postsynaptic cell is sending frequent action potential

C. the postsynaptic cell can be influenced by only one presynaptic cell

D. the presynaptic neuron is sending frequent IPSP

Question #6

Which of the following is NOT a function of dendrites?

A. convey incoming messages toward the cell body

B. provide enormous surface area for receiving signals from other neurons

C. generate nerve impulses and transmit them away from the cell body

D. produce short-distance signals called graded potentials

Question #7

Nerve impulses leading to the brain carry information about cool temperatures on the skin. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

A. parasympathetic division

B. sensory (afferent) division

C. sympathetic division

D. somatic nervous system

Question #8

When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing.

A. convergent

B. serial

C. none of the choices.

D. parallel

Question #9

Nerve impulses are sent to slow the heart's rate of contraction. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system?

A. parasympathetic division

B. sensory (afferent) division

C. somatic nervous system

D. sympathetic division

Question #10

Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials?

A. ligand-gated channel

B. leakage channel

C. voltage-gated channel

D. mechanically-gated channel

Question #11

The effect of acetylcholine can be stimulating or inhibiting. Which of the following gives the best explanation for why this is so?

A. Acetylcholine has many different forms.

B. Postsynaptic cells have a dynamic and changing metabolism and respond differently at different times.

D. Acetylcholine has a "dose effect." Larger doses are stimulating while small doses inhibit.

E. Different postsynaptic cells will have different receptors.

Question #12

When a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner which of the following is likely a result of the acetylcholine acting on the postsynaptic cell?

A. Chemically gated sodium channels will open.

B. Chemically gated chloride channels will open.

C. Chemically gated sodium channels will be closed.

D. Chemically gated potassium channels will open.

Question #13

An action potential is regarded as an example of a positive feedback. Which of the following examples below best illustrates the positive feedback aspect of an action potential?

A. A threshold stimulus will cause the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels that will cause further depolarizing stimulus. This stimulus will open still more voltage gated sodium ion channels.

B. Voltage gated potassium ion channels open slowly and remain open long enough to cause hyperpolarization.

C. The sodium potassium pump consistently moves ions as long as ATP is available, and regardless of membrane potential changes.

D. Potassium permeability is about 25 times greater than sodium ions.

Question #14

Which of the choices below describes the ANS?

A. sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract

B. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

C. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles

D. sensory neurons that convey information from somatic receptors in the head, body wall, and limbs and from receptors from the special senses of vision, hearing, taste, and smell to the CNS

Question #15

A. opening of chemically gated sodium channels

B. hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane

C. depolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane

D. influx of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell

Question #16

Inborn or intrinsic reflexes are ________.

A. autonomic only

B. always mediated by the brain

C. rapid, predictable, and can be learned responses

D. involuntary, yet may be modified by learned behavior

Question #17

We can touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed in part because we can sense the position and movement of our joints as well as the length of stretch in our muscles. These sensations create awareness of our body's positioning. The following receptors are most likely responsible for this ability.

A. exteroceptors

B. proprioceptors

C. interoceptors

D. nociceptors

Question #18

A. nociceptors

B. thermoreceptors

C. interoceptors

D. exteroceptors

Question #19

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

A. medulla

B. thalamus

C. hypothalamus

D. cerebellum

Question #20

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons, all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #21

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

A. medulla oblongata

B. hypothalamus

C. midbrain

D. reticular formation

Question #22

Parasympathetic functions include ________.

A. raising blood glucose levels

B. lens accommodation for close vision

C. a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction

D. allowing the body to cope with an external threat

Question #23

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.

A. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

B. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

C. increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

D. increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

Question #24

Which of the following is mismatched?

A. penis ejaculation; sympathetic

B. bronchiole dilation in lungs; sympathetic

C. gallbladder contracts to expel bile; parasympathetic

D. promotes urination; sympathetic

Question #25

At rest, a cell will have more ______ ions in the cytoplasm than outside the cell.

A. chloride

B. calcium

C. sodium

D. potassium

Question #26

All of the following are true of action potentials except:

A. they travel more slowly on myelinated fibers

B. they exhibit an all-or-none response. b. they are inhibited by IPSPs.

C. they are inhibited by IPSPs.

D. they need a threshold stimulus

Question #27

Where are the Na+/K+ pumps are located on the neuron?

A. axon terminal

B. axon

C. soma

D. all of the choices

E. dendrite

Question #28

Identify the receptors involved based on one location and one stimulus: You feel uncomfortable and your stomach is hurting after a large meal.

A. Interoceptor, nocioceptor

B. chemoreceptor, mechanoreceptor

C. sensory receptor, olfactory receptor

D. Exteroceptor, mechanoreceptor

Question #29

The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters in response to an influx of _______ ions.

A. potassium

B. sodium and potassium

C. sodium

D. Calcium

Question #30

At the top of the autonomic nervous system hierarchy, the ______ controls most of the autonomic nervous system functions via the reticular formation.

A. Epithalamus

B. limbic system

C. pituitary gland

D. hypothalamus

Question #31

Refraction problem of farsightedness could be corrected by a convex lens.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #32

Transduction of sound stimuli occurs as a result of _______. I)G-link receptor potential generation II)bending of the hair cells, which stimulates the opening of the mechanically gated ion channels in their membrane III) release of the neurotransmitter which stimulated the organ of corti. IV)None of the choices

A. II and III only

B. I and II only

C. IV only

D. I only

E. II only

Question #33

Detects angular movement: I) Semicircular canal II) Vestibule III) Tympanic membrane IV) organ of corti

A. None of the choices

B. I, II, and IV only

C. I and II only

D. I only

Question #34

The bending of light rays is called accommodation.

A. False

B. True

Question #35

Nearsightedness is associated with _________.

A. hyperopia

B. none of the choices.

C. myopia

D. presbyopia

Question #36

Detects linear acceleration. I)organ of corti II) Tympanic membrane III) Vestibule IV) Semicircular canal V) none of the choices

A. III only

B. V only

C. I and II only

D. III and IV only

E. I and III only

F. I only

Question #37

H+ ions is involved in salty taste.

A. False

B. True

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