Chem 221 - Biochemistry for Science Majors » Fall 2021 » L17 Glycolysis

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Question #1
The complete oxidation of glucose release about
A.   3,000 kJ/mol
B.   2,000 kJ/mol
C.   30,000 kJ/mol
D.   1,000 kJ/mol
Question #2
The glycolytic degradation of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate releases most of the energy of glucose.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #3
All glycolytic enzymes are globular water soluble proteins.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #4
When twenty moles of glucose undergo glycolysis, forty moles of pyruvate are produced.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #5
Hexokinase, requires Mg2+ for its activity. Mg2+ is a coenzyme.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #6
A reaction with a standard free energy change of - 30 kJ/mol is considered irreversible.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #7
Irreversible reactions are points of regulation in pathways.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #8
Step 1 of glycolysis is called the “committed step” and it is a point of regulation.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #9
In the first 5 steps of glycolysis, energy is extracted in the form of two molecules of ATP.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #10
Carbon oxidation reactions are exergonic.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #11
The formation of a molecule containing an acylphosphate group is a favorable reaction.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #12
In step 6 of glycolysis, the oxidation of the aldehyde group of glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate is an exergonic reaction that drives the phosphorylation of the carboxyl intermediate.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #13
Step 8 of glycolysis consists in the migration of the phosphoryl group between of C-2 to C-3.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #14
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) has the highest delta G of hydrolysis of all compounds involved in glycolysis.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #15
  
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #16
When a mixture of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate is incubated with the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase, the final mixture contains twice as much glucose 6-phosphate as fructose 6-phosphate. Which one of the following statements is most nearly correct, when applied to the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = 298 K)? Glucose 6-phosphate ↔ fructose 6-phosphate
A.   DeltaG'° is –1.7 kJ/mol.
B.   DeltaG'° is +1.7 kJ/mol.
C.   DeltaG'° is zero.
D.   DeltaG'° is incalculably large and negative.
E.   DeltaG'° is incalculably large and positive.
Question #17
In glycolysis, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free-energy change (DeltaG'°) of 23.8 kJ/mol. Under what conditions (encountered in a normal cell) will the free-energy change (DeltaG) be negative, enabling the reaction to proceed to the right?
A.   If the concentrations of the two products are high relative to that of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
B.   Under standard conditions, enough energy is released to drive the reaction to the right.
C.   When there is a high concentration of products relative to the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
D.   When there is a high concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate relative to the concentration of products.
E.   The reaction will not go to the right spontaneously under any conditions because the deltaG'° is positive.
Question #18
Which of the following reactions in glycolysis produces ATP as a product?
A.   Phosphofructokinase-1
B.   Hexokinase
C.   Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
D.   Pyruvate kinase
E.   Aldolase
Question #19
Which of the following reactions in glycolysis is a ketose to aldose isomerization?
A.   Enolase
B.   Hexokinase
C.   Triose phosphate isomerase
D.   Phosphoglycerate mutase
E.   Aldolase
Question #20
The steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate involve all of the following except:
A.   the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
B.   ATP synthesis
C.   utilization of Pi
D.   catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase
E.   oxidation of NADH to NAD+
Question #21
Which of the following is a cofactor in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
A.   heme
B.   ATP
C.   Cu2+
D.   NAD+
Question #22
Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle?
A.   It results in net synthesis of ATP.
B.   Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is one of the enzymes of the pathway.
C.   It results in synthesis of NADH.
D.   It is an endergonic process.
Question #23
What is the purpose of phosphorylating glucose in the cytosol?
A.   to slow the transport of glucose into the cell
B.   to trap glucose in the cell and to destabilize glucose and facilitate the next series of metabolic steps
C.   to slow the transport of glucose into the cell and to destabilize glucose and facilitate the next series of metabolic steps
Question #24
What two 3-carbon molecules are generated by the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
A.   enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate
B.   pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate
C.   glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D.   glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate
E.   glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate
Question #25
What reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?
A.   isomerization of DHAP to GAP
B.   hydrolysis of either GAP or DHAP
C.   cleavage of DHAP to GAP
D.   reversible cleavage of F-1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP
Question #26
What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
A.   oxidation of an aldehyde by NAD+ and formation of acyl-phosphate
B.   oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde by NAD+
C.   dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP
D.   hydrolysis of GAP
E.   removal of the 3-phosphoryl-group from GAP
Question #27
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
A.   phosphorylation of ATP coupled to an ion gradient
B.   phosphorylation of AMP by ATP
C.   ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate with high phosphoryl transfer potential
D.   phosphorylation of glycolytic intermediates
E.   ATP and AMP synthesis from two molecules of ADP
Question #28
What is the additional metabolite that is required for the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?
A.   NADH
B.   2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
C.   1-phosphoglycerate
D.   diacylglycerol
E.   1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Question #29
A kinase is an enzyme that
A.   uses ATP to add a phosphate group to the substrate
B.   removes phosphate groups of substrates
C.   removes water from a double bond
D.   uses NADH to change the oxidation state of the substrate
Question #30
For every one molecule of sugar glucose which is oxidized, __________ molecule of pyruvic acid are produced.
A.   1
B.   4
C.   2
D.   3
Question #31
When concentration of the reactants is kept high,
A.   more products will be formed
B.   the Gibbs free energy will be negative and more products will be formed
C.   the Gibbs free energy will be positive and more products will be formed
Question #32
Which of the following is not true of glycolysis?
A.   The pathway oxidizes two moles of NADH to NAD+ for each mole of glucose that enters
B.   The pathway requires two moles of ATP to get started catabolizing each mole of glucose
C.   The pathway does not require oxygen
D.   ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate level phosphorylation
Question #33
The enzyme that transfers a phosphate group to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis
A.   Is reversible
B.   Is the control enzyme for glycolysis
C.   Produces fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as a product
D.   Produces ATP as a product
Question #34
The enzyme that catalyzes the second substrate level phosphorylation of glycolysis
A.   Is reversible
B.   Uses phosphoenolpyruvate as a substrate
C.   Produces lactate as a product
D.   Is found in the mitochondria
E.   Is called phosphoglyceromutase
Question #35
Which is the best statement?
A.   The glycolytic pathway is reversible
B.   The glycolytic pathway is irreversible
Question #36
The first phase of glycolysis (preparatory stage) produces 2 ATP.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #37
  
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #38
The second phase of glycolysis produces 4 ATP
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #39
Phosphorylation steps in the first phase (preparatory phase) of glycolysis tend to be reversible.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #40
At the end of which stage of glycolysis does the production of ATP finally pay off the ATP debt of the preparatory phase?
A.   Step 9
B.   Step 10
C.   Step 3
D.   Step 7
Question #41
Which steps in glycolysis produce ATP?
A.   Steps 1, 3 and 10
B.   Step 10
C.   Steps 7 and 10
D.   Steps 1 and 3
Question #42
Glycolysis produces a net of ________ moles of ATP per 1 mole of glucose.
A.   2
B.   1
C.   6
D.   4
Question #43
In the payoff phase of glycolysis ATP is made through the process of:
A.   RedOx Reactions
B.   Oxidative Phosphorylation
C.   Photo-Phosphorylation
D.   Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Question #44
Which of the following is not a requirement for glycolysis?
A.   Glucose
B.   Oxygen
C.   NAD+
D.   ATP
Question #45
Which molecule is an isomer of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (G3P)?
A.   1,3 BPG
B.   PEP
C.   DHAP
D.   Pyruvic Acid
Question #46
  
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #47
Much of the free energy of oxidation of the aldehyde group of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate is conserved by formation of the acyl phosphate group.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #48
The oxidatative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate does not require ATP, but an inorganic phosphate dissolved in the cytosol.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #49
2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate are isomers.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #50
The phosphoryl group of 2-phosphoglycerate comes from a phosphorylated histidine on the active site of phosphoglyceromutase.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE

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