Chem 221 - Biochemistry for Science Majors » Fall 2021 » L17 Glycolysis
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Question #1
The complete oxidation of glucose release about
A.
3,000 kJ/mol
B.
1,000 kJ/mol
C.
30,000 kJ/mol
D.
2,000 kJ/mol
Question #2
The glycolytic degradation of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate releases most of the energy of glucose.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #3
All glycolytic enzymes are globular water soluble proteins.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
When twenty moles of glucose undergo glycolysis, forty moles of pyruvate are produced.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
Hexokinase, requires Mg2+ for its activity. Mg2+ is a coenzyme.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
A reaction with a standard free energy change of - 30 kJ/mol is considered irreversible.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #7
Irreversible reactions are points of regulation in pathways.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
Step 1 of glycolysis is called the “committed step” and it is a point of regulation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
In the first 5 steps of glycolysis, energy is extracted in the form of two molecules of ATP.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
Carbon oxidation reactions are exergonic.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #11
The formation of a molecule containing an acylphosphate group is a favorable reaction.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #12
In step 6 of glycolysis, the oxidation of the aldehyde group of glyceraldehyde-3 -phosphate is an exergonic reaction that drives the phosphorylation of the carboxyl intermediate.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
Step 8 of glycolysis consists in the migration of the phosphoryl group between of C-2 to C-3.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #14
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) has the highest delta G of hydrolysis of all compounds involved in glycolysis.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
Steps 1, 3 and 10 of glycolysis are irreversible.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
When a mixture of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate is incubated with the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase, the final mixture contains twice as much glucose 6-phosphate as fructose 6-phosphate. Which one of the following statements is most nearly correct, when applied to the reaction below (R = 8.315 J/mol·K and T = 298 K)? Glucose 6-phosphate ↔ fructose 6-phosphate
A.
DeltaG'° is incalculably large and positive.
B.
DeltaG'° is –1.7 kJ/mol.
C.
DeltaG'° is +1.7 kJ/mol.
D.
DeltaG'° is zero.
E.
DeltaG'° is incalculably large and negative.
Question #17
In glycolysis, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free-energy change (DeltaG'°) of 23.8 kJ/mol. Under what conditions (encountered in a normal cell) will the free-energy change (DeltaG) be negative, enabling the reaction to proceed to the right?
A.
Under standard conditions, enough energy is released to drive the reaction to the right.
B.
When there is a high concentration of products relative to the concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
C.
The reaction will not go to the right spontaneously under any conditions because the deltaG'° is positive.
D.
If the concentrations of the two products are high relative to that of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
E.
When there is a high concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate relative to the concentration of products.
Question #18
A.
Aldolase
B.
Phosphofructokinase-1
C.
Pyruvate kinase
D.
Hexokinase
E.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Question #19
Which of the following reactions in glycolysis is a ketose to aldose isomerization?
A.
Enolase
B.
Phosphoglycerate mutase
C.
Triose phosphate isomerase
D.
Aldolase
E.
Hexokinase
Question #20
The steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate involve all of the following except:
A.
catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase
B.
oxidation of NADH to NAD+
C.
the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
D.
ATP synthesis
E.
utilization of Pi
Question #21
Which of the following is a cofactor in the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
A.
Cu2+
B.
NAD+
C.
ATP
D.
heme
Question #22
Which of the following statements is not true concerning glycolysis in anaerobic muscle?
A.
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase is one of the enzymes of the pathway.
B.
It results in synthesis of NADH.
C.
It results in net synthesis of ATP.
D.
It is an endergonic process.
Question #23
What is the purpose of phosphorylating glucose in the cytosol?
A.
to slow the transport of glucose into the cell
B.
to trap glucose in the cell and to destabilize glucose and facilitate the next series of metabolic steps
C.
to slow the transport of glucose into the cell and to destabilize glucose and facilitate the next series of metabolic steps
Question #24
What two 3-carbon molecules are generated by the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
A.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate
B.
pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate
C.
enolase and 2-phosphoglycerate
D.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
E.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate
Question #25
What reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?
A.
hydrolysis of either GAP or DHAP
B.
cleavage of DHAP to GAP
C.
isomerization of DHAP to GAP
D.
reversible cleavage of F-1,6-BP to DHAP and GAP
Question #26
What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase?
A.
dehydration and dephosphorylation of GAP
B.
hydrolysis of GAP
C.
oxidation of an alcohol to an aldehyde by NAD+
D.
oxidation of an aldehyde by NAD+ and formation of acyl-phosphate
E.
removal of the 3-phosphoryl-group from GAP
Question #27
What is substrate level phosphorylation?
A.
phosphorylation of ATP coupled to an ion gradient
B.
ATP and AMP synthesis from two molecules of ADP
C.
ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate with high phosphoryl transfer potential
D.
phosphorylation of AMP by ATP
E.
phosphorylation of glycolytic intermediates
Question #28
What is the additional metabolite that is required for the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate?
A.
diacylglycerol
B.
NADH
C.
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
D.
1-phosphoglycerate
E.
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Question #29
A kinase is an enzyme that
A.
uses NADH to change the oxidation state of the substrate
B.
removes water from a double bond
C.
uses ATP to add a phosphate group to the substrate
D.
removes phosphate groups of substrates
Question #30
For every one molecule of sugar glucose which is oxidized, __________ molecule of pyruvic acid are produced.
A.
3
B.
2
C.
4
D.
1
Question #31
When concentration of the reactants is kept high,
A.
the Gibbs free energy will be negative and more products will be formed
B.
the Gibbs free energy will be positive and more products will be formed
C.
more products will be formed
Question #32
Which of the following is not true of glycolysis?
A.
The pathway requires two moles of ATP to get started catabolizing each mole of glucose
B.
The pathway oxidizes two moles of NADH to NAD+ for each mole of glucose that enters
C.
The pathway does not require oxygen
D.
ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate level phosphorylation
Question #33
The enzyme that transfers a phosphate group to fructose-6-phosphate in glycolysis
A.
Is the control enzyme for glycolysis
B.
Produces fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as a product
C.
Produces ATP as a product
D.
Is reversible
Question #34
The enzyme that catalyzes the second substrate level phosphorylation of glycolysis
A.
Is found in the mitochondria
B.
Uses phosphoenolpyruvate as a substrate
C.
Is reversible
D.
Is called phosphoglyceromutase
E.
Produces lactate as a product
Question #35
Which is the best statement?
A.
The glycolytic pathway is reversible
B.
The glycolytic pathway is irreversible
Question #36
The first phase of glycolysis (preparatory stage) produces 2 ATP.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
The second phase of glycolysis produces 4 ATP
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Phosphorylation steps in the first phase (preparatory phase) of glycolysis tend to be reversible.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #40
At the end of which stage of glycolysis does the production of ATP finally pay off the ATP debt of the preparatory phase?
A.
Step 7
B.
Step 3
C.
Step 9
D.
Step 10
Question #41
Which steps in glycolysis produce ATP?
A.
Step 10
B.
Steps 1, 3 and 10
C.
Steps 1 and 3
D.
Steps 7 and 10
Question #42
Glycolysis produces a net of ________ moles of ATP per 1 mole of glucose.
A.
1
B.
4
C.
6
D.
2
Question #43
In the payoff phase of glycolysis ATP is made through the process of:
A.
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
B.
RedOx Reactions
C.
Photo-Phosphorylation
D.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Question #44
Which of the following is not a requirement for glycolysis?
A.
Glucose
B.
ATP
C.
Oxygen
D.
NAD+
Question #45
Which molecule is an isomer of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (G3P)?
A.
1,3 BPG
B.
Pyruvic Acid
C.
PEP
D.
DHAP
Question #46
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #47
Much of the free energy of oxidation of the aldehyde group of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate is conserved by formation of the acyl phosphate group.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
The oxidatative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate does not require ATP, but an inorganic phosphate dissolved in the cytosol.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #49
2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate are isomers.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
The phosphoryl group of 2-phosphoglycerate comes from a phosphorylated histidine on the active site of phosphoglyceromutase.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
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