Biology 112 - Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which of the following provide pathways for shuttling molecules and materials in vesicles inside the cell?
A.
Intermediate filaments
B.
Microfilaments
C.
Microtubules
D.
Cilia
Question #2
Which of the following organelles are directly connected to the nucleus?
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Question #3
Enzymes participating in reactions:
A.
Are consumed in the reaction
B.
Do not affect the rate of the reaction
C.
Can require a cofactor in order to function
D.
Are not affected by environmental conditions like pH and temp
E.
All of the above
Question #4
Which of the following functions would be directly affected if a cell had faulty lysosomes?
A.
DNA replication for cell division
B.
Cellular movement and cell signaling
C.
Breakdown of materials and macromolecules
D.
Modification and exporting of vital proteins
E.
None of the above
Question #5
Where does the ETC occur in eukaryotes?
A.
Matrix of the mitochondrion
B.
Outer membrane of mitochondrion
C.
Periplasmic space
D.
Inner membrane of mitochondrion
Question #6
Which of the following substrates are reduced during photosynthesis?
A.
FAD+
B.
NAD+
C.
NADP+
D.
ATP
E.
None of the above
Question #7
Cilia have which of the following functions except:
A.
Receiving sensory information from outside of the cell for cell to cell communication
B.
Guiding and moving the ovum in the fallopian tubes down to the uterus
C.
Being used by bacteria to move
D.
Pushing mucus and debris throughout the respiratory tract
E.
None of the above
Question #8
A change in which of the following would change the function of the enzyme?
A.
The concentration of substrates in the environment
B.
The structure of the enzyme’s active site amino acids
C.
The structure of the non-active site amino acids
D.
The concentration of other enzymes in the environment
E.
None of the above
Question #9
Glycolysis is an example of _________ while DNA replication is an example of _________.
A.
Anabolism; Catabolism
B.
Catabolism; Anabolism
C.
Anabolism; Hydrolysis
D.
Catabolism; Respiration
E.
None of the above
Question #10
Oxidation reactions involve molecules ________ electrons while reduction reactions involve molecules ________ electrons.
A.
Accepting; Donating
B.
Destroying; Creating
C.
Donating; Accepting
D.
Creating; Destroying
E.
None of the above
Question #11
In prokaryotic cells where does the ETC take place?
A.
Nucleoid
B.
Cell membrane
C.
Periplasmic space
D.
Cytoplasm
E.
Mitochondrial matrix
Question #12
Which of the following is the main product of glycolysis?
A.
Pentose
B.
Glycogen
C.
Cellulose
D.
Pyruvate
E.
Sucrose
Question #13
The TCA cycle begins with which of the following substrates?
A.
Pyruvate
B.
Acetyl-CoA
C.
Citrate
D.
Acetaldehyde
E.
FADH2
Question #14
Which of the following intermediates is created in the last step of the TCA cycle?
A.
Pyruvate
B.
Malate
C.
Succinate
D.
Citrate
E.
Oxaloacetate
Question #15
Agar plate and agar tube cultures are known as _______ cultures while nutrient broth and media plates and tubes are known as _______ cultures.
A.
Poor; Enriched
B.
Simple; Complex
C.
Solid; Liquid
D.
Enriched; Poor
E.
Liquid; Solid
Question #16
Which of the following reagents if added to media would make it complex?
A.
Milk
B.
Blood
C.
Serum
D.
None of the above
E.
All of the above
Question #17
As long as resources and space are available, microbes will grow at which of the following rates?
A.
Hyperbolic Growth
B.
Exponential Growth
C.
Linear Growth
D.
Zero Growth
E.
Declining Growth
Question #18
Which of the following are known as organisms that use inorganic substrates for metabolism and biosynthesis?
A.
Heliotrophs
B.
Lithotrophs
C.
Autotrophs
D.
Chemotrophs
E.
None of the above
Question #19
Organisms that thrive in high pressure environments are known as ________. While organisms that thrive in 100 degree Celsius temperature environments are known as ________.
A.
Thermophiles; Halophiles
B.
Organophiles; Thermophiles
C.
Barophiles; Thermophiles
D.
Psychrophiles; Acidophile
E.
None of the above
Question #20
Organisms that thrive in pH 13 environments are known as ________. While organisms that thrive in -5 degree Celsius temperature environments are known as ________.
A.
Thermophiles; Halophiles
B.
Barophiles; Thermophiles
C.
Alkaliphiles; Psychrophiles
D.
Psychrophiles; Alkaliphile
E.
None of the above
Question #21
Eukaryotic genomes are distinct from prokaryotic genomes because of which of the following?
A.
Enhancers
B.
Silencers
C.
Introns
D.
Promoters
E.
All of the above
Question #22
Which of the following can microorganisms use in order to confer antibacterial resistance?
A.
Cofactors
B.
Chromosomes
C.
mRNA
D.
Centrosomes
E.
Plasmids
Question #23
DNA replication is known as semiconservative which means which of the following?
A.
Replication involves the unwinding of and compression of DNA into chromosomes
B.
Replication uses several enzymes like polymerases and helicase
C.
Replication uses as much energy as it produces
D.
Replication has one parent template strand and one daughter synthesized strand
E.
Replication happens in both forward and backward directions
Question #24
Introns can help mitigate danger from which of the following?
A.
Chemical mutagens
B.
Ionizing radiation
C.
Viral insertions
D.
Proofreading errors
E.
All of the above
Question #25
In transcription the DNA strand that RNA polymerase uses to create the mRNA molecule is known as the ________ strand?
A.
Sense
B.
Nonsense
C.
Antisense
D.
Coding
E.
None of the above
Question #26
How many molecules of ATP are created by cellular respiration if the cell is at 100% efficiency?
A.
38 ATP
B.
52 ATP
C.
40 ATP
D.
18 ATP
E.
32 ATP
Question #27
Which of the following prokaryotic ribosomal subunits scans the mRNA for the start codon?
A.
50S
B.
30S
C.
100S
D.
40S
E.
20S
Question #28
A eukaryotic cell with faulty microfilaments would have trouble performing which of the following process(es)?
A.
DNA replication and keeping the cells shape
B.
Cell motility and endocytosis
C.
Cell motility and DNA replication
D.
DNA replication and Endocytosis
Question #29
The light-independent reactions in photosynthesis require all of the following except:
A.
O2
B.
NADPH
C.
H20
D.
ATP
E.
None of the above
Question #30
How many molecules of CO2 are produced in the TCA cycle for 1 molecule of glucose?
A.
4
B.
2
C.
1
D.
5
E.
3
Question #31
When exercising, soreness in the muscles is caused by the buildup of _______ due to the process of ________.
A.
Acetic Acid; Fermentation
B.
Acetic acid; Respiration
C.
Mycolic acid; Fermentation
D.
Lactic acid; Fermentation
E.
None of the above
Question #32
Which of the following would you perform if you had a broth culture with a cell density too numerous to count?
A.
Serial dilution
B.
Isolation streaking
C.
Fluorescent tagging
D.
FACS sorting
E.
None of the above
Question #33
Which of the following processes would be affected if a bacterial cell had a sigma factor that did not detach from its enzyme?
A.
mRNA post transcriptional modification
B.
Promoter scanning & binding
C.
Elongation of the mRNA strand
D.
Translation initiation
E.
None of the above
Question #34
Ribosomal subunits are created in which of the following Eukaryotic cell locations?
A.
Nucleolus
B.
Cytoplasm
C.
Nucleoid
D.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
E.
Lysosomes
Question #35
The matrix of the mitochondrion have all of the following except:
A.
circular DNA
B.
enzymes for the TCA
C.
80S ribosome
D.
CoA for pyruvate oxidation
E.
None of the above
Question #36
Facultative anaerobes undergo the process of cellular respiration to create ATP.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
The cristae of a mitochondria serve to increase the surface area for cellular respiration.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
Flagella are only found in prokaryotic organisms.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
Reduction reactions are named so because accepting electrons makes the charge of the molecule more positive.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Energy invested in fermentation produces a net gain of 4 ATP. as much energy as Aerobic respiration.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Complex media has components in it in which the exact concentration of molecules is unknown
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
DNA Polymerase requires an RNA primer in order to initiate DNA synthesis.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Aerobic organisms are unable to withstand the reactive oxygen species created by respiration.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
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