Biology 112 - Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which of the following provide pathways for shuttling molecules and materials in vesicles inside the cell?
A.
Microfilaments
B.
Intermediate filaments
C.
Cilia
D.
Microtubules
Question #2
Which of the following organelles are directly connected to the nucleus?
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
C.
Mitochondria
D.
Lysosomes
Question #3
Enzymes participating in reactions:
A.
Do not affect the rate of the reaction
B.
Can require a cofactor in order to function
C.
Are consumed in the reaction
D.
Are not affected by environmental conditions like pH and temp
E.
All of the above
Question #4
Which of the following functions would be directly affected if a cell had faulty lysosomes?
A.
Modification and exporting of vital proteins
B.
DNA replication for cell division
C.
Cellular movement and cell signaling
D.
Breakdown of materials and macromolecules
E.
None of the above
Question #5
Where does the ETC occur in eukaryotes?
A.
Matrix of the mitochondrion
B.
Outer membrane of mitochondrion
C.
Inner membrane of mitochondrion
D.
Periplasmic space
Question #6
Which of the following substrates are reduced during photosynthesis?
A.
NADP+
B.
ATP
C.
FAD+
D.
NAD+
E.
None of the above
Question #7
Cilia have which of the following functions except:
A.
Being used by bacteria to move
B.
Receiving sensory information from outside of the cell for cell to cell communication
C.
Pushing mucus and debris throughout the respiratory tract
D.
Guiding and moving the ovum in the fallopian tubes down to the uterus
E.
None of the above
Question #8
A change in which of the following would change the function of the enzyme?
A.
The concentration of other enzymes in the environment
B.
The structure of the enzyme’s active site amino acids
C.
The concentration of substrates in the environment
D.
The structure of the non-active site amino acids
E.
None of the above
Question #9
Glycolysis is an example of _________ while DNA replication is an example of _________.
A.
Anabolism; Hydrolysis
B.
Catabolism; Anabolism
C.
Catabolism; Respiration
D.
Anabolism; Catabolism
E.
None of the above
Question #10
Oxidation reactions involve molecules ________ electrons while reduction reactions involve molecules ________ electrons.
A.
Destroying; Creating
B.
Creating; Destroying
C.
Donating; Accepting
D.
Accepting; Donating
E.
None of the above
Question #11
In prokaryotic cells where does the ETC take place?
A.
Periplasmic space
B.
Mitochondrial matrix
C.
Cytoplasm
D.
Cell membrane
E.
Nucleoid
Question #12
Which of the following is the main product of glycolysis?
A.
Pentose
B.
Glycogen
C.
Cellulose
D.
Sucrose
E.
Pyruvate
Question #13
The TCA cycle begins with which of the following substrates?
A.
Acetaldehyde
B.
Acetyl-CoA
C.
FADH2
D.
Citrate
E.
Pyruvate
Question #14
Which of the following intermediates is created in the last step of the TCA cycle?
A.
Oxaloacetate
B.
Succinate
C.
Pyruvate
D.
Malate
E.
Citrate
Question #15
Agar plate and agar tube cultures are known as _______ cultures while nutrient broth and media plates and tubes are known as _______ cultures.
A.
Enriched; Poor
B.
Solid; Liquid
C.
Poor; Enriched
D.
Simple; Complex
E.
Liquid; Solid
Question #16
Which of the following reagents if added to media would make it complex?
A.
Serum
B.
Blood
C.
Milk
D.
None of the above
E.
All of the above
Question #17
As long as resources and space are available, microbes will grow at which of the following rates?
A.
Hyperbolic Growth
B.
Zero Growth
C.
Linear Growth
D.
Declining Growth
E.
Exponential Growth
Question #18
Which of the following are known as organisms that use inorganic substrates for metabolism and biosynthesis?
A.
Chemotrophs
B.
Lithotrophs
C.
Autotrophs
D.
Heliotrophs
E.
None of the above
Question #19
Organisms that thrive in high pressure environments are known as ________. While organisms that thrive in 100 degree Celsius temperature environments are known as ________.
A.
Organophiles; Thermophiles
B.
Thermophiles; Halophiles
C.
Barophiles; Thermophiles
D.
Psychrophiles; Acidophile
E.
None of the above
Question #20
Organisms that thrive in pH 13 environments are known as ________. While organisms that thrive in -5 degree Celsius temperature environments are known as ________.
A.
Alkaliphiles; Psychrophiles
B.
Thermophiles; Halophiles
C.
Psychrophiles; Alkaliphile
D.
Barophiles; Thermophiles
E.
None of the above
Question #21
Eukaryotic genomes are distinct from prokaryotic genomes because of which of the following?
A.
Enhancers
B.
Introns
C.
Promoters
D.
Silencers
E.
All of the above
Question #22
Which of the following can microorganisms use in order to confer antibacterial resistance?
A.
Chromosomes
B.
Centrosomes
C.
mRNA
D.
Cofactors
E.
Plasmids
Question #23
DNA replication is known as semiconservative which means which of the following?
A.
Replication involves the unwinding of and compression of DNA into chromosomes
B.
Replication has one parent template strand and one daughter synthesized strand
C.
Replication uses as much energy as it produces
D.
Replication uses several enzymes like polymerases and helicase
E.
Replication happens in both forward and backward directions
Question #24
Introns can help mitigate danger from which of the following?
A.
Chemical mutagens
B.
Viral insertions
C.
Ionizing radiation
D.
Proofreading errors
E.
All of the above
Question #25
In transcription the DNA strand that RNA polymerase uses to create the mRNA molecule is known as the ________ strand?
A.
Nonsense
B.
Coding
C.
Antisense
D.
Sense
E.
None of the above
Question #26
How many molecules of ATP are created by cellular respiration if the cell is at 100% efficiency?
A.
40 ATP
B.
32 ATP
C.
38 ATP
D.
18 ATP
E.
52 ATP
Question #27
Which of the following prokaryotic ribosomal subunits scans the mRNA for the start codon?
A.
20S
B.
30S
C.
50S
D.
40S
E.
100S
Question #28
A eukaryotic cell with faulty microfilaments would have trouble performing which of the following process(es)?
A.
Cell motility and endocytosis
B.
Cell motility and DNA replication
C.
DNA replication and keeping the cells shape
D.
DNA replication and Endocytosis
Question #29
The light-independent reactions in photosynthesis require all of the following except:
A.
O2
B.
ATP
C.
H20
D.
NADPH
E.
None of the above
Question #30
How many molecules of CO2 are produced in the TCA cycle for 1 molecule of glucose?
A.
1
B.
5
C.
4
D.
3
E.
2
Question #31
When exercising, soreness in the muscles is caused by the buildup of _______ due to the process of ________.
A.
Lactic acid; Fermentation
B.
Acetic Acid; Fermentation
C.
Acetic acid; Respiration
D.
Mycolic acid; Fermentation
E.
None of the above
Question #32
Which of the following would you perform if you had a broth culture with a cell density too numerous to count?
A.
Fluorescent tagging
B.
Isolation streaking
C.
Serial dilution
D.
FACS sorting
E.
None of the above
Question #33
Which of the following processes would be affected if a bacterial cell had a sigma factor that did not detach from its enzyme?
A.
Promoter scanning & binding
B.
Translation initiation
C.
Elongation of the mRNA strand
D.
mRNA post transcriptional modification
E.
None of the above
Question #34
Ribosomal subunits are created in which of the following Eukaryotic cell locations?
A.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
B.
Nucleoid
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Nucleolus
E.
Cytoplasm
Question #35
The matrix of the mitochondrion have all of the following except:
A.
CoA for pyruvate oxidation
B.
80S ribosome
C.
enzymes for the TCA
D.
circular DNA
E.
None of the above
Question #36
Facultative anaerobes undergo the process of cellular respiration to create ATP.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
The cristae of a mitochondria serve to increase the surface area for cellular respiration.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #38
Flagella are only found in prokaryotic organisms.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #39
Reduction reactions are named so because accepting electrons makes the charge of the molecule more positive.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Energy invested in fermentation produces a net gain of 4 ATP. as much energy as Aerobic respiration.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Complex media has components in it in which the exact concentration of molecules is unknown
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
DNA Polymerase requires an RNA primer in order to initiate DNA synthesis.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Aerobic organisms are unable to withstand the reactive oxygen species created by respiration.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
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