Biology 112 - Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 3
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Question #1
A regulatory protein binding to a regulatory DNA sequence is an example of which of the following levels of gene expression?
A.
Control of Transcription
B.
Translational control
C.
Post Translational Control
D.
Changing the DNA sequence
E.
None of the above
Question #2
Which of the following levels of genetic regulation are the most drastic and difficult to reverse?
A.
Post Translational Control
B.
Changing the DNA sequence
C.
Translational control
D.
Control of Transcription
E.
None of the above
Question #3
Which of the following levels of genetic regulation involves the binding of cofactors/coenzymes onto a protein in order to make it functional?
A.
Control of Transcription
B.
Changing the DNA sequence
C.
Post Translational Control
D.
Translational control
E.
None of the above
Question #4
The DtxR protein requires the binding of _______ which then _________ the expression of the dtx toxin.
A.
Fe2+ ; Down-regulates
B.
H+ ; Up-regulates
C.
Fe2+ ; Up-regulates
D.
Cl- ; Up-regulates
E.
H+ ; Down-regulates
Question #5
In the lactose operon which of the following causes the repressor protein to fall off when it binds to it?
A.
Allolactose
B.
Lactose permease
C.
LacI
D.
Galactose
E.
B-Galactosidase
Question #6
In the lactose operon which of the following is responsible for transporting lactose into the cell?
A.
Allolactose
B.
Lactose permease
C.
LacI
D.
B-Galactosidase
E.
Galactose
Question #7
You observe a lac operon which has a faulty lacI gene that translates to an inactive protein. Which of the following would occur as a result:
A.
Constant repression of the lac operon genes
B.
An inability to transport lactose into the cell
C.
An inability to digest lactose into glucose and galactose
D.
Constant expression of the lac operon genes
E.
None of the above
Question #8
A repressor protein binds to which of the following sequences?
A.
Promoter
B.
Coding region
C.
Operator
D.
Inducer
E.
None of the above
Question #9
You observe a mutation in a gene in which the amino acid sequence is not affected. This is known as which of the following?
A.
Insertion
B.
Inversion
C.
Missense mutation
D.
Nonsense mutation
E.
Silent mutation
Question #10
You observe a mutation in a gene in which the amino acid sequence now has an early STOP codon. This is known as which of the following?
A.
Inversion
B.
Missense mutation
C.
Silent mutation
D.
Nonsense mutation
E.
Insertion
Question #11
Which of the following enzymes extract the damaged base in base excision repair?
A.
DNA glycosylase
B.
DNA polymerase I
C.
Endonuclease
D.
DNA ligase
E.
None of the above
Question #12
Which of the following enzymes are involved in cleaving and removing the phosphodiester backbone in base excision repair?
A.
DNA polymerase I and Endonuclease
B.
Endonuclease and DNA ligase
C.
DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase
D.
DNA glycosylase and DNA ligase
Question #13
In methyl mismatch repair, which of the following enzymes identify the site of the mutation?
A.
Mut S
B.
DNA Polymerase III
C.
Mut L
D.
Mut H
E.
Exonuclease
Question #14
In methyl mismatch repair, which of the following enzymes identify the nearest methylation site?
A.
Mut L
B.
Mut S
C.
Mut H
D.
DNA Polymerase III
E.
Exonuclease
Question #15
A heritable mutation has to have which of the following characteristics?
A.
The mutation is not repaired before replication and the mutation must not alter the amino acid sequence
B.
The mutation is repaired before replication and the base sequence must change
C.
The mutation is repaired before replication and the mutation must not alter the amino acid sequence
D.
The mutation is not repaired before replication and the base sequence must change
Question #16
Which of the following horizontal gene transfer mechanisms involve the use of bacteriophages?
A.
Conjugation
B.
Transposition
C.
Transduction
D.
Transformation
E.
All of the above
Question #17
Which of the following horizontal gene transfer mechanisms require cell to cell contact to initiate?
A.
Conjugation
B.
Transposition
C.
Transduction
D.
Transformation
E.
All of the above
Question #18
Conjugation involves the transfer of the _____ of the plasmid DNA strand. ______ cell(s) end up with circularized plasmid.
A.
3’ end ; Both
B.
3’ end ; The donor
C.
5’ end ; The recipient
D.
3’ end ; The recipient
E.
5’ end ; Both
Question #19
A prokaryote protects its genomic DNA by doing which of the following?
A.
Adding phosphate groups to sites on the DNA
B.
Keeping the DNA away from restriction enzymes
C.
Creating a nucleus
D.
Adding methyl groups to sites on the DNA
E.
None of the above
Question #20
Which of the following horizontal gene transfer mechanisms involve the transfer of genes from a plasmid onto a bacterial host genome?
A.
Transformation
B.
Transposition
C.
Conjugation
D.
Transduction
E.
All of the above
Question #21
Single-strand recombination produces which of the following after replication and cell division?
A.
Two daughter cells with recombinant genomes
B.
The cell would fail to replicate
C.
One daughter cell with a recombinant genome and one with a normal genome
D.
Two daughter cells with normal genomes
E.
None of the above
Question #22
Transposition is a crucial gene transfer mechanism. However it can also result in which of the following?
A.
Increased competency
B.
Nonsense mutation
C.
Frameshift mutation
D.
Cell lysis
E.
None of the above
Question #23
Which of the following is a mechanism of evolution?
A.
Random mutation
B.
Reductive evolution
C.
Genetic drift
D.
Natural selection
E.
All of the above
Question #24
The link between Wolbachia and nematodes can be defined by:
A.
Predator/prey relationship
B.
Endosymbiosis
C.
Environmental competition
D.
Parasitism
E.
None of the above
Question #25
Which of the following restriction enzymes produce blunt ends?
A.
HindIII
B.
BamHI
C.
HaeIII
D.
EcoRI
E.
None of the above
Question #26
Which of the following is necessary in a gel electrophoresis in order to determine the size of all of the DNA fragments?
A.
Positive control
B.
Negative control
C.
Ruler
D.
DNA ladder
E.
Loading dye
Question #27
Which of the following techniques would I use in order to analyze and visualize the presence of a target sequence of DNA in a cell/tissue?
A.
PCR
B.
Immunofluorescence
C.
DNA sequencing
D.
DNA Hybridization
E.
None of the above
Question #28
Which of the following techniques would I use in order to analyze and visualize the presence of target proteins in a cell/tissue?
A.
DNA Hybridization
B.
Immunofluorescence
C.
DNA sequencing
D.
PCR
E.
None of the above
Question #29
A bacterial cell’s genome is continuously expressed because it requires all of the proteins it encodes for at all times.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
The protein that lacZ transcribes is responsible for digesting lactose into glucose and galactose.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #31
MutL is an enzyme that links MutH and MutS in methyl mismatch repair.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
Biological fitness has to do with how strong an organism is versus those in its environment.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #33
RecA is a DNA repair enzyme that facilitates the recombination of DNA.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
Transduction is limited by the DNA carrying capacity of the viral capsid.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #35
Heat shock and electroporation are ways to force transformation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #36
DNA is positive which allows it to travel down a gel in gel electrophoresis when a current is applied.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
A frameshift mutation will not occur if only one nucleotide is added/deleted to the DNA sequence.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
The restriction enzyme EcoRI creates sticky ends after cutting.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
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