Los Angeles City College » Physiology » Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2022

Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2022 » Exam 3

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Question #1

If a person were to have substantial blood loss, you would expect to see all of the following physiological events to happen EXCEPT one. Select the least likely response to substantial blood loss. (hint: Consider compensation for the blood loss)

A. increases peripheral resistance

B. increasing vasomotor activity

C. decreased heart rate

D. none of the choices.

Question #2

Hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure inside the vessels. In general, it is expected that ________.

A. osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end

B. hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed

C. hydrostatic pressure will rise as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

D. hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

Question #3

In children the blood vessel length is shorter compare to adulthood. This means both the peripheral resistance and BP are _________

A. depends on SV

B. higher in Children

C. unchanged

D. lower in children

Question #4

Which of the following might trigger erythropoiesis?

A. an increased number of RBCs

B. moving to a lower altitude

C. hypoxia of EPO-producing cells

D. decreased tissue demand for oxygen

Question #5

Which of the following would you expect to have the least effect on hematocrit percentage?

A. injection with erythropoietin (EPO)

B. living at higher altitude

C. dehydration

D. prolonged or excessive fever

Question #6

As water leaves near the arteriole end of the capillaries, the osmotic pressure is created due to the solutes inside the capillaries which causes the water to enter the capillaries near the venule end of the capillaries.

A. False

B. True

Question #7

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

A. veins

B. capillaries

C. arteries

D. arterioles

Question #8

An electrocardiogram (ECG) provides direct information about valve function.

A. True

B. False

Question #9

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.

A. expands the thoracic cage

B. sends blood through a smaller valve

C. pumps blood against a greater resistance

D. none of the choices

Question #10

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A. friction of blood against the chamber walls

B. opening of the heart valves

C. closure of the heart valves

D. excitation of the sinoatrial (SA) node

Question #11

When released in large quantities, thyroxine, a thyroid gland hormone, causes a sustained increase in heart rate.

A. True

B. False

Question #12

Anastomoses among arterial branches of your wrist provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the forearm muscles.

A. True

B. False

Question #13

Parents phenotype: AB x AB The probability of having a child with AB blood type is _____%. (just write the number: 0, 25, 50, 100, etc...)

A. 75

B. 500

C. 50

D. 125

Question #14

Parents phenotype: AB x O The probability of having a child with O blood type is _____%. (just write the number: 0, 25, 50, 100, etc...)

A. 100

B. 25

C. 0

D. 50

Question #15

Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?

A. O negative

B. B negative

C. AB positive

D. A positive

Question #16

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because ________.

A. preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate) the donated cells

B. clotting factors in the donor's blood will cause unwanted clots known as thrombus

C. white blood cells from the donor's blood cause inflammation

D. antibodies in the donor's plasma will attack and kill the recipient's healthy blood cells

Question #17

If blood volume decreased dramatically due to massive bleeding, the autonomic nervous system will attempt to maintain cardiac output by increasing the heart rate.

A. True

B. False

Question #18

If you have 34 hemoglobin molecule, how many molecules of oxygen can be transported? (write a number only. For example 520) ) ___________ O2 molecule.

A. 240

B. 190

C. 484

D. 136

Question #19

Leukocytes move through the walls of the capillaries via diapedesis.

A. True

B. False

Question #20

Peripheral resistance ________.

A. is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals

B. increases as blood vessel diameter increases

C. increases as blood viscosity increases

D. decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel

Question #21

Blood flow is ________ proportional to the difference in blood pressure. Blood flow is ________ proportional to the total peripheral resistance.

A. directly; inversely

B. directly; directly

C. inversely; inversely

D. inversely; directly

Question #22

Which statement best describes arteries?

A. All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.

B. All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

C. Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.

D. All carry blood away from the heart.

Question #23

Basophils increase in number when parasitic invasion occurs.

A. False

B. True

Question #24

A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering ________.

A. anemia

B. a viral infection

C. polycythemia

D. a bacterial infection

Question #25

If you centrifuge (spin) whole blood of a patient with polycythemia, you will expect the hematocrit to be ________.

A. lower than normal

B. unchanged and same as normal

C. higher than normal

D. none of the choices.

Question #26

The normal RBC "graveyard" is the liver.

A. True

B. False

Question #27

Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.

A. True

B. False

Question #28

Which of the following contain oxygenated blood?

A. pulmonary arteries

B. pulmonary trunk

C. pulmonary veins

D. lobar arteries

Question #29

The velocity of blood is slowest in the capillaries and pressure of blood is lowest in the veins. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the benefits of slow, low pressure blood in the capillary beds?

A. There will be more time for nutrients exchange

B. Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venous circulation.

C. Lower pressure on the venous end of the capillary bed allows for greater reabsorption of fluid back to the plasma.

D. Slower blood flow through capillaries allows more time for diffusion to take place in the capillary bed.

Question #30

Atherosclerosis causes elastic arteries to become less stretchy. How does this affect pulse pressure?

A. Pulse pressure is increased.

B. Pulse pressure is unaffected by atherosclerosis.

C. Pulse pressure will be around 20-30 mmHg

D. Pulse pressure is temporarily decreased.

Question #31

Changes in arterial pressure could be detected by which of the following?

A. chemoreceptors

B. EPO Detectors

C. baroreceptors

D. none of the choices.

Question #32

If the smooth muscle of the tunica media is not functioning, which of the following will get affected?

A. Maintaining of blood pressure

B. maintaining the length

C. maintaining Heart rate

D. maintaining the direction of bloo

Question #33

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production by producing EPO?

A. brain

B. pancreas

C. liver

D. kidney

Question #34

In action potential of cardiac contractile cells, which channel is fast?

A. none of the choices.

B. Na+

C. K+

D. Ca2+

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