Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Summer 2019 » Quiz 1
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Question #1
The concept of a single world ocean emphasizes the interdependence of ocean and land, life and water, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and natural and human-made environments.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #2
Over 97% of all surface water on Earth resides in the ocean.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #3
Although oceanographers may specialize in one particular area of study, the nature of the science is interdisciplinary, meaning that marine scientists must have a general knowledge of all areas of oceanography in order to study the system as a whole.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
Once established, a Scientific Theory is always correct and cannot be changed.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
Earth’s early atmosphere was similar to the present day atmosphere, composed mostly of oxygen and nitrogen.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
Longitudinal lines run parallel to the equator.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #7
One of the conditions necessary for a planet to have a permanent ocean of liquid water is to have a solid core.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
The fact that all life cells depend on saline water suggests that life evolved in the ocean.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
During the early years of Earth, lighter elements such as silicon, magnesium, and aluminum rose to the surface, forming Earth’s crust.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
The ocean is as old as the Earth.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #11
Researchers have drilled all the way to Earth's core.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #12
Geologists of the mid-twentieth century determined that the ocean floor was much older than the centers of continents.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #14
The Hawai'ian Islands coincide with a tectonic plate boundary.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
New oceanic crust is created at Mid-ocean ridges.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Plate Tectonic Theory describes how the relative motion of Earth's tectonic plates controls the distribution of landforms.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
Seismic shadow zones confirmed the presence of Earth's core.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #18
Surface seismic waves cause most of the property damage suffered in an earthquake.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Early scientists were in agreement about the age of Earth.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Magma typically rises to Earth's surface at transform boundaries.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #21
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from __________.
A.
The sun
B.
Solar nebulae
C.
Volcanic activity and comets
D.
Volcanic activity and other planets
E.
Other planets
Question #22
The process by which stars form helium atoms from hydrogen is _______.
A.
Condensation
B.
Density Stratification
C.
Accretion
D.
Compression
E.
Nuclear fusion
Question #23
Earth’s early atmosphere contained high concentrations of ____.
A.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
B.
Carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen
C.
Methane and ammonia
D.
Oxygen and nitrogen
E.
Oxygen and methane
Question #24
What had the most influence in irreversibly changing Earth's atmosphere?
A.
Production of oxygen from photosythesizing cyanobacteria
B.
Fluctuation in cosmic ray
C.
Formation of carbonic acid in the ocean
D.
Anaerobic respiration by deep sea organisms
E.
Chemical break up of water vapor by sunlight
Question #25
Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?
A.
Estuarine bays
B.
Dry mountain rocky outcrops
C.
Hydrothermal vents
D.
Polar sea ice
E.
Rainforest sediments
Question #26
Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?
A.
Double sun
B.
Optimum distance from star
C.
Toxic atmosphere
D.
Irregular orbit
E.
Low gravity
Question #27
Through gravitational compression, Earth’s layers were formed by the process of ____.
A.
Subduction
B.
Density Stratification
C.
Plate Tectonics
D.
Condensation
E.
Accretion
Question #28
What could ultimately be linked to the present absence of water on Mars?
A.
Lack of free oxygen in the atmosphere
B.
The presence of a strong magnetic field
C.
Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide
D.
Large decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide
E.
Proximity of the sun
Question #29
The dependence of all living cells on ____ to survive strongly suggests that simple, living molecules originated in the ocean.
A.
Fresh water
B.
Carbon dioxide
C.
Saline water
D.
Oxygen
E.
Methane
Question #30
If there is a three hour difference between "clock" noon and "shaft" noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin? Assume one rotation of 360°/24 hours = 15°/hour.
A.
15 degrees
B.
45 degrees
C.
30 degrees
D.
90 degrees
E.
180 degrees
Question #31
Which option lists the three forces that cause the plates to move?
A.
Convergence, Divergence and Transformative
B.
Conduction, Convection and Radiative
C.
Centripetal, Centrifugal and Convection currents
D.
Convection in the mantle, slab pull and ridge push
Question #32
Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?
A.
Tectonic Theory
B.
Seismology
C.
Continental Drift
D.
Density stratification
Question #33
This animation illustrates how the weak, plastic _______ flows allowing the rigid ______ crust to "float" atop pushed apart by convection currents in the mantle.
A.
magma.... oceanic
B.
asthenosphere.... lithospheric
C.
Convection currents... mid-ocean ridge
D.
lithosphere... asthenospheric
Question #34
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Stay the same
B.
Sink
C.
Spread out
D.
Rise
Question #35
Oceanographers and seismologists further explored the theory of continental drift during the early- to mid-twentieth century by correlating patterns of earthquakes and ____.
A.
Isostatic equilibrium
B.
Convection currents
C.
Tectonic plates
D.
Volcanoes
Question #36
Where is the youngest seafloor found?
A.
At continental marrgins where the seafllor abuts the continent
B.
At mid-ocean ridges
C.
Not enough information to tell
D.
This is a trick questions. All the seafloor is the same age.
Question #37
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Transform
B.
Divergent
C.
Spreading center
D.
Convergent
Question #38
At what type of Plate Boundary do earthquakes occur at multiple depths: shallow, intermediate and sometimes also deep?
A.
Subduction zones
B.
Mid-ocean ridges
C.
Transform
D.
Divergent
Question #39
Which landscape is an example of a divergent boundary?
A.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
B.
Aleutian Islands
C.
Cascade Mountains
D.
San Andreas
Question #40
The lateral movement at transform boundaries causes what type of force?
A.
Shear
B.
Extension
C.
Compression
D.
Torque
Question #41
Continental crust is both thicker and denser than oceanic lithosphere.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
Active margins typically are located in the Atlantic Ocean.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
Weight of ice on Antarctica has isostatically depressed the continent, and thereby increased the depth of water at the shelf break.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
Hydrothermal vents are only found in seawater.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #45
The water temperature at the bottom of ocean trenches is very warm.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
The rate of sediment deposition is fairly consistent throughout the ocean.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #47
Clays can remain suspended in the water column for decades before settling due to their small size.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
Past sea surface temperatures can be determined from fossils found in deep ocean sediments.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #49
Sediments of white or cream color tend to be of biological origin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Segments of a lithospheric plate on either side of a transform fault move in the same direction as one another.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #51
What marks the true division between continents and oceans?
A.
Coastal deep-sea trenches
B.
Coastlines
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Granite-basalt transitions
Question #52
What characteristic of continental crust accounts for more than half of Earth's solid surface being below sea level?
A.
Continental crust is thinner than oceanic crust.
B.
Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust.
C.
Continental crust is denser than oceanic crust.
D.
Continental crust is both less dense and thinner than oceanic crust.
Question #53
Passive margins are also referred to as ____.
A.
Pacific-type margins
B.
Atlantic-type margins
C.
Converging-type margins
D.
Basin-type margins
Question #54
Most geologists believe that submarine canyons have been formed by ____
A.
Subduction
B.
Volcanoes
C.
Sea level changes
D.
Turbidity currents
Question #55
What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?
A.
Erosion
B.
Subduction
C.
Turbidity
D.
Spreading
Question #56
Which areas of the ocean is most likely to have the least accumulation of sediment?
A.
Deep-sea trench
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Abyssal plain
D.
Continental shelf
Question #57
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?
A.
coarse sand
B.
silt
C.
clay
D.
fine sand
Question #58
What is the particle size distribution from largest to smallest?
A.
coarse sand →granule →medium sand → fine sand
B.
cobble → boulder → granule → pebble
C.
coarse silt → granule → fine silt → clay
D.
boulder → granule → coarse sand → coarse silt
Question #59
What type of marine sediment is derived from igneous rock?
A.
hydrogenous
B.
terrigenous
C.
cosmogenous
D.
biogenous
Question #60
Which statement is true of sediments in the ocean?
A.
Biogenous sediments comprise a larger area than terrigenous sediments.
B.
Terrigenous and biogenous sediments are equal in area and volume.
C.
Terrigenous sediments comprise a larger area than biogenous sediments.
D.
Hydrogenous sediments cover more volume than biogenous sediments.
Question #61
The influence of water on global temperatures, due to water’s thermal characteristics, prevents broad swings of temperature during the day and night.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #62
The polarity of water makes it able to dissolve many compounds.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #63
Heat and temperature are synonymous terms.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #64
The continuous removal of heat from water always corresponds to a consistent decrease in temperature.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #65
Seawater density increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pressure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #66
The salts in the ocean are similar to those of concentrated river water.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #67
The heat properties of seawater are different than pure water due to the dissolved solids and gases present.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #68
When saltwater freezes, the sea salts are incorporated into the ice matrix.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #69
Carbon dioxide is abundant near the ocean surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #70
The pH scale is the logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentrations.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #71
Earth's atmosphere and ocean are intertwined, their gases and waters freely exchanged.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #72
Weather and climate mean the same thing.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #73
The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is oxygen.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #74
Water vapor can occupy as much as 4% of the total volume of air.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #75
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) represents an imaginary line that divides the Earth into equal energy hemispheres.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #76
Surface ocean currents flow vertically in the uppermost 400 meters of the water column.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #77
Gyres tend to collect seaweed and trash as their centers.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #78
The Ekman spiral is similar to an eddy in that the water spirals downward like a whirlpool.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #79
Downwelling can have direct effects on the climate of an adjacent coast.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #80
Surface currents distribute tropical heat worldwide. The winters in Scotland, Ireland, and England are relatively mild due to the energy transported by the North Atlantic Current and the Gulf Stream.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
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