Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Summer 2019 » Quiz 1
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Question #1
The concept of a single world ocean emphasizes the interdependence of ocean and land, life and water, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and natural and human-made environments.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #2
Over 97% of all surface water on Earth resides in the ocean.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #3
Although oceanographers may specialize in one particular area of study, the nature of the science is interdisciplinary, meaning that marine scientists must have a general knowledge of all areas of oceanography in order to study the system as a whole.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #4
Once established, a Scientific Theory is always correct and cannot be changed.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
Earth’s early atmosphere was similar to the present day atmosphere, composed mostly of oxygen and nitrogen.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
Longitudinal lines run parallel to the equator.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
One of the conditions necessary for a planet to have a permanent ocean of liquid water is to have a solid core.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
The fact that all life cells depend on saline water suggests that life evolved in the ocean.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
During the early years of Earth, lighter elements such as silicon, magnesium, and aluminum rose to the surface, forming Earth’s crust.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #10
The ocean is as old as the Earth.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #11
Researchers have drilled all the way to Earth's core.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #12
Geologists of the mid-twentieth century determined that the ocean floor was much older than the centers of continents.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #13
Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #14
The Hawai'ian Islands coincide with a tectonic plate boundary.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
New oceanic crust is created at Mid-ocean ridges.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Plate Tectonic Theory describes how the relative motion of Earth's tectonic plates controls the distribution of landforms.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #17
Seismic shadow zones confirmed the presence of Earth's core.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #18
Surface seismic waves cause most of the property damage suffered in an earthquake.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Early scientists were in agreement about the age of Earth.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Magma typically rises to Earth's surface at transform boundaries.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #21
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from __________.
A.
Volcanic activity and comets
B.
Solar nebulae
C.
The sun
D.
Volcanic activity and other planets
E.
Other planets
Question #22
The process by which stars form helium atoms from hydrogen is _______.
A.
Condensation
B.
Nuclear fusion
C.
Density Stratification
D.
Compression
E.
Accretion
Question #23
Earth’s early atmosphere contained high concentrations of ____.
A.
Oxygen and nitrogen
B.
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
C.
Carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen
D.
Oxygen and methane
E.
Methane and ammonia
Question #24
What had the most influence in irreversibly changing Earth's atmosphere?
A.
Fluctuation in cosmic ray
B.
Production of oxygen from photosythesizing cyanobacteria
C.
Chemical break up of water vapor by sunlight
D.
Anaerobic respiration by deep sea organisms
E.
Formation of carbonic acid in the ocean
Question #25
Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?
A.
Dry mountain rocky outcrops
B.
Polar sea ice
C.
Hydrothermal vents
D.
Rainforest sediments
E.
Estuarine bays
Question #26
Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?
A.
Low gravity
B.
Toxic atmosphere
C.
Double sun
D.
Irregular orbit
E.
Optimum distance from star
Question #27
Through gravitational compression, Earth’s layers were formed by the process of ____.
A.
Density Stratification
B.
Condensation
C.
Subduction
D.
Plate Tectonics
E.
Accretion
Question #28
What could ultimately be linked to the present absence of water on Mars?
A.
Excess atmospheric carbon dioxide
B.
The presence of a strong magnetic field
C.
Large decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide
D.
Proximity of the sun
E.
Lack of free oxygen in the atmosphere
Question #29
The dependence of all living cells on ____ to survive strongly suggests that simple, living molecules originated in the ocean.
A.
Methane
B.
Saline water
C.
Carbon dioxide
D.
Oxygen
E.
Fresh water
Question #30
If there is a three hour difference between "clock" noon and "shaft" noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin? Assume one rotation of 360°/24 hours = 15°/hour.
A.
45 degrees
B.
180 degrees
C.
30 degrees
D.
15 degrees
E.
90 degrees
Question #31
Which option lists the three forces that cause the plates to move?
A.
Convection in the mantle, slab pull and ridge push
B.
Convergence, Divergence and Transformative
C.
Centripetal, Centrifugal and Convection currents
D.
Conduction, Convection and Radiative
Question #32
Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?
A.
Density stratification
B.
Seismology
C.
Tectonic Theory
D.
Continental Drift
Question #33
This animation illustrates how the weak, plastic _______ flows allowing the rigid ______ crust to "float" atop pushed apart by convection currents in the mantle.
A.
magma.... oceanic
B.
asthenosphere.... lithospheric
C.
lithosphere... asthenospheric
D.
Convection currents... mid-ocean ridge
Question #34
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Sink
B.
Stay the same
C.
Rise
D.
Spread out
Question #35
Oceanographers and seismologists further explored the theory of continental drift during the early- to mid-twentieth century by correlating patterns of earthquakes and ____.
A.
Volcanoes
B.
Tectonic plates
C.
Convection currents
D.
Isostatic equilibrium
Question #36
Where is the youngest seafloor found?
A.
At mid-ocean ridges
B.
At continental marrgins where the seafllor abuts the continent
C.
This is a trick questions. All the seafloor is the same age.
D.
Not enough information to tell
Question #37
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Divergent
B.
Spreading center
C.
Convergent
D.
Transform
Question #38
At what type of Plate Boundary do earthquakes occur at multiple depths: shallow, intermediate and sometimes also deep?
A.
Mid-ocean ridges
B.
Transform
C.
Subduction zones
D.
Divergent
Question #39
Which landscape is an example of a divergent boundary?
A.
San Andreas
B.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
C.
Cascade Mountains
D.
Aleutian Islands
Question #40
The lateral movement at transform boundaries causes what type of force?
A.
Shear
B.
Extension
C.
Torque
D.
Compression
Question #41
Continental crust is both thicker and denser than oceanic lithosphere.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
Active margins typically are located in the Atlantic Ocean.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Weight of ice on Antarctica has isostatically depressed the continent, and thereby increased the depth of water at the shelf break.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Hydrothermal vents are only found in seawater.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #45
The water temperature at the bottom of ocean trenches is very warm.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
The rate of sediment deposition is fairly consistent throughout the ocean.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #47
Clays can remain suspended in the water column for decades before settling due to their small size.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
Past sea surface temperatures can be determined from fossils found in deep ocean sediments.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #49
Sediments of white or cream color tend to be of biological origin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Segments of a lithospheric plate on either side of a transform fault move in the same direction as one another.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #51
What marks the true division between continents and oceans?
A.
Granite-basalt transitions
B.
Coastlines
C.
Coastal deep-sea trenches
D.
Abyssal plains
Question #52
What characteristic of continental crust accounts for more than half of Earth's solid surface being below sea level?
A.
Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust.
B.
Continental crust is denser than oceanic crust.
C.
Continental crust is both less dense and thinner than oceanic crust.
D.
Continental crust is thinner than oceanic crust.
Question #53
Passive margins are also referred to as ____.
A.
Converging-type margins
B.
Atlantic-type margins
C.
Pacific-type margins
D.
Basin-type margins
Question #54
Most geologists believe that submarine canyons have been formed by ____
A.
Volcanoes
B.
Sea level changes
C.
Turbidity currents
D.
Subduction
Question #55
What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?
A.
Subduction
B.
Turbidity
C.
Erosion
D.
Spreading
Question #56
Which areas of the ocean is most likely to have the least accumulation of sediment?
A.
Abyssal plain
B.
Continental shelf
C.
Oceanic ridge
D.
Deep-sea trench
Question #57
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?
A.
coarse sand
B.
clay
C.
silt
D.
fine sand
Question #58
What is the particle size distribution from largest to smallest?
A.
coarse silt → granule → fine silt → clay
B.
boulder → granule → coarse sand → coarse silt
C.
coarse sand →granule →medium sand → fine sand
D.
cobble → boulder → granule → pebble
Question #59
What type of marine sediment is derived from igneous rock?
A.
terrigenous
B.
hydrogenous
C.
biogenous
D.
cosmogenous
Question #60
Which statement is true of sediments in the ocean?
A.
Terrigenous and biogenous sediments are equal in area and volume.
B.
Biogenous sediments comprise a larger area than terrigenous sediments.
C.
Hydrogenous sediments cover more volume than biogenous sediments.
D.
Terrigenous sediments comprise a larger area than biogenous sediments.
Question #61
The influence of water on global temperatures, due to water’s thermal characteristics, prevents broad swings of temperature during the day and night.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #62
The polarity of water makes it able to dissolve many compounds.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #63
Heat and temperature are synonymous terms.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #64
The continuous removal of heat from water always corresponds to a consistent decrease in temperature.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #65
Seawater density increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pressure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #66
The salts in the ocean are similar to those of concentrated river water.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #67
The heat properties of seawater are different than pure water due to the dissolved solids and gases present.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #68
When saltwater freezes, the sea salts are incorporated into the ice matrix.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #69
Carbon dioxide is abundant near the ocean surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #70
The pH scale is the logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentrations.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #71
Earth's atmosphere and ocean are intertwined, their gases and waters freely exchanged.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #72
Weather and climate mean the same thing.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #73
The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is oxygen.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #74
Water vapor can occupy as much as 4% of the total volume of air.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #75
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) represents an imaginary line that divides the Earth into equal energy hemispheres.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #76
Surface ocean currents flow vertically in the uppermost 400 meters of the water column.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #77
Gyres tend to collect seaweed and trash as their centers.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #78
The Ekman spiral is similar to an eddy in that the water spirals downward like a whirlpool.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #79
Downwelling can have direct effects on the climate of an adjacent coast.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #80
Surface currents distribute tropical heat worldwide. The winters in Scotland, Ireland, and England are relatively mild due to the energy transported by the North Atlantic Current and the Gulf Stream.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
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