Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 4 (Ch 12, 13, 14)
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here
Question #1
Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it ________.
A.
is toxic to pathogens
B.
destroys pathogens
C.
creates a physical barrier against pathogens
D.
physically restricts pathogens to a specific region
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #2
Select examples of innate host defense mechanisms in order to test your understanding of host defenses.
A.
Internal cellular and chemical defenses Phagocytosis and inflammation Anatomical and physiological barriers
B.
Host defenses due to B and T cells and their products Use of drugs and antibiotics
C.
Internal cellular and chemical defenses Use of drugs and antibiotics Host defenses due to B and T cells and their products
D.
Host defenses due to B and T cells and their products Use of drugs and antibiotics Anatomical and physiological barriers
Question #3
The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ________.
A.
spleen
B.
thymus
C.
GALT
D.
lymph nodes
E.
tonsils
Question #4
Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except ________.
A.
phagocytosis
B.
diapedesis
C.
vasodilation
D.
motility
E.
chemotaxis
Question #5
Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?
A.
Include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei
B.
Develop from undifferentiated stem cells
C.
Include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes
D.
After birth, produced in red bone marrow sites
E.
Include Kupffer cells
Question #6
_____ function in humoral immunity, while _____ function in cell-mediated immunity.
A.
B cells; neutrophils
B.
B cells; T cells
C.
Basophils; T cells
D.
T cells; B cells
E.
Monocytes; basophils
Question #7
Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?
A.
Lymphatic system
B.
Extracellular fluid
C.
Bloodstream
D.
Intracellular fluid
Question #8
The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________.
A.
respiratory tract
B.
urinary tract
C.
eyes
D.
digestive tract
E.
skin
Question #9
Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?
A.
Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction.
B.
It can last hours to years.
C.
Basophils and mast cells release histamine.
D.
Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen.
E.
Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
Question #10
Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?
A.
Dolar—pain
B.
Rubor—redness
C.
Tumor—cancer
D.
None of these are mismatched.
E.
Calor—warmth
Question #11
Plasma ________.
A.
contains albumin and globulins
B.
is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended
C.
is mostly water
D.
contains fibrinogen
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #12
Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except ________.
A.
unbroken skin
B.
mucus
C.
tears
D.
T cells
E.
hairs
Question #13
Diapedesis is the ________.
A.
plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding
B.
migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues
C.
production of only red blood cells
D.
loss of blood due to hemorrhaging
E.
production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
Question #14
Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?
A.
Start tissue repair
B.
Cause a fever
C.
Block further invasion
D.
Destroy microbes
E.
Mobilize and attract immune components to injury site
Question #15
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _______ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.
A.
leukocytes
B.
monocytes
C.
granulocytes
D.
agranulocytes
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #16
The granules of basophils contain ________.
A.
digestive enzymes
B.
antibodies
C.
antigens
D.
histamine
E.
lysozyme
Question #17
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except ________.
A.
pain
B.
warmth
C.
swelling
D.
chills
E.
redness
Question #18
Which type of white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?
A.
Neutrophils
B.
Eosinophils
C.
Monocytes
D.
Lymphocytes
E.
Basophils
Question #19
Leukocytes that are derived from monocytes and have long, thin processes to trap pathogens are ________.
A.
mast cells
B.
dendritic cells
C.
macrophages
D.
eosinophils
E.
platelets
Question #20
When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ________.
A.
killer T cells
B.
macrophages
C.
neutrophils
D.
primary phagocytes
E.
cytotoxic T cells
Question #21
The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ________.
A.
lymphocytes
B.
basophils
C.
eosinophils
D.
monocytes
E.
neutrophils
Question #22
Which of the following are correct descriptions of the first line of defense?
A.
Involves phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages) Involves recognition of foreign agents by their pathogen-associated molecular patterns
B.
Involves barriers at portals of entry Involves phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages) Involves recognition of foreign agents by their pathogen-associated molecular patterns
C.
Includes chemicals such as lysozyme and lactic acid Involves barriers at portals of entry Examples include the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory passages, excretion of urine, and production of tears
D.
Includes chemicals such as lysozyme and lactic acid Involves recognition of foreign agents by their pathogen-associated molecular patterns
Question #23
Each of the following are benefits of fever except it ________.
A.
increases the availability of iron
B.
increases phagocytosis
C.
increases metabolism
D.
stimulates hematopoiesis
E.
reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply
Question #24
This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.
A.
Digestive tract
B.
Respiratory tract
C.
Urinary tract
D.
Eyes
E.
Skin
Question #25
The immunoglobulins found on the surface of B cells are ________.
A.
IgD only
B.
IgD and IgE
C.
IgM and IgD
D.
IgM only
E.
IgG only
Question #26
MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.
A.
islet of Langerhans cells
B.
red blood cells
C.
leukocytes
D.
eosinophils
E.
epithelial cells
Question #27
The major histocompatibility complex is ________.
A.
found on the third chromosome
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
located in the thymus gland
D.
E.
a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins
F.
glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells
Question #28
Lymphocytes ________.
A.
possess MHC antigens for recognizing self
B.
gain tolerance to self by destruction of lymphocytes that could react against self
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
develop into clones of B and T cells with extreme variations of specificity
E.
have membrane receptors that recognize foreign antigens
Question #29
________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.
A.
IgM
B.
IgD
C.
IgG
D.
IgA
E.
IgE
Question #30
Memory B cells are formed during the primary response so that upon a secondary antigen exposure, a faster and more vigorous antibody response ensues.
A.
false
B.
true
Question #31
Superantigens are ________.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens
C.
those that evoke allergic reactions
D.
cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members
E.
body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign
Question #32
All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.
A.
can serve as a B-cell receptor
B.
has 10 antigen binding sites
C.
is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell
D.
is a dimer
E.
contains a central J chain
Question #33
B and T cells can only recognize and bind antigen that has been processed and presented on MHC molecules.
A.
false
B.
true
Question #34
Class II MHC genes code for ________.
A.
all HLA antigens
B.
self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
certain secreted complement components
E.
receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells
Question #35
What type of cells secrete antibodies?
A.
B cells
B.
Plasma cells
C.
Cytotoxic T cells
D.
Antigen-presenting cells
E.
Helper T cells
Question #36
The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.
A.
delayed hypersensitivity T cells
B.
natural killer (NK) cells
C.
cytotoxic T cells
D.
suppressor T cells
E.
helper T cells
Question #37
Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called ________.
A.
heterophilic antigens
B.
superantigens
C.
allergens
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
autoantigens
Question #38
Properties of effective antigens include all the following except ________.
A.
have molecular complexity
B.
are cells or large, complex molecules
C.
are large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000
D.
are foreign to the immune system
E.
have large polymers made up of repeating subunits
Question #39
Cell surface markers involved in immune reactions ________.
A.
receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
are the result of genetic expression
D.
function in recognition of self molecules
E.
aid in cellular development
Question #40
The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a(n) ________.
A.
antigen binding site
B.
hapten
C.
variable region
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
epitope
Question #41
Helper T cells ________.
A.
activate B cells and other T cells
B.
directly destroy target cells
C.
suppress immune reactions
D.
function in allergic reactions
E.
secrete antibodies
Question #42
The immunoglobulin class that has an Fc region that binds to receptors on basophils and mast cells is ________.
A.
IgM
B.
IgE
C.
IgG
D.
IgA
E.
IgD
Question #43
T-cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires ________.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
binding of T-cell to a class II MHC receptor on a macrophage
C.
binding of T-cell to a site on the antigen
D.
typically a protein antigen
E.
F.
interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell
Question #44
There are only two major subsets of T cells.
A.
false
B.
true
Question #45
Antigen-presenting cells ________.
A.
hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface
B.
include dendritic cells
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic
E.
include macrophages
Question #46
A.
directly destroy target cells
B.
function in allergic reactions
C.
suppress immune reactions
D.
activate B cells and other T cells
E.
secrete antibodies
Question #47
Each ________ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.
A.
variable
B.
terminal
C.
hinge
D.
Fc
E.
Fab
Question #48
Lymphocyte maturation involves ________.
A.
T cells maturing in the thymus
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs
D.
hormonal signals that initiate development
E.
B cells maturing in bone marrow sites
Question #49
The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all the following except ________.
A.
disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains
B.
a variable and constant region on each polypeptide chain
C.
two identical light polypeptide chains
D.
four antigen binding sites
E.
two identical heavy polypeptide chains
Question #50
The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is ________.
A.
serotonin
B.
platelet-activating factor
C.
prostaglandin
D.
leukotriene
E.
histamine
Question #51
Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except ________.
A.
tuberculin reaction
B.
rheumatoid arthritis
C.
multiple sclerosis
D.
Graves' disease
E.
myasthenia gravis
Question #52
Which type(s) of hypersensitivity is IgG involved with?
A.
Anaphylaxis
B.
Antibody mediated
C.
Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated
D.
Immune complex mediated
E.
Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated
Question #53
What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?
A.
Host rejection of graft
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
Hypogammaglobulinemia
D.
Graft versus host disease
E.
Formation of autoantibodies
Question #54
Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?
A.
Degranulation
B.
Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
C.
Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
D.
Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
E.
Histamine acts on smooth muscle
Question #55
Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing ________.
A.
None of thechoices are correct.
B.
tissue matching
C.
degranulation
D.
sensitization
E.
desensitization
Question #56
What involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue?
A.
Blood transfusion
B.
Both skin graft and organ transplantation
C.
Organ transplantation
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
Skin graft
Question #57
A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is ________.
A.
anaphylaxis
B.
allergic rhinitis
C.
asthma
D.
eczema
E.
atopic dermatitis
Question #58
Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?
A.
The Arthus reaction is a local response
B.
Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues
C.
Serum sickness is a systemic response
D.
Involves an immune complex reaction
E.
Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies
Question #59
Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against ________.
A.
cells in thyroid follicles
B.
acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle
C.
sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane
D.
myelin sheath cells of the nervous system
E.
acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle
Question #60
Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?
A.
Degranulation
B.
Histamine acts on smooth muscle
C.
Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
D.
Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
E.
Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
Question #61
Corticosteroids will ________.
A.
relieve inflammatory symptoms
B.
reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles
C.
inhibit the activity of lymphocytes
D.
block synthesis of leukotrienes
E.
bind to histamine receptors on target organs
Question #62
Which of the following is not a possible symptom of type I hypersensitivity?
A.
Rashes
B.
Contact dermatitis
C.
Sneezing
D.
Rhinitis
E.
Diarrhea
Question #63
Autoimmunity is typically due to ________.
A.
graft rejection
B.
a transfusion reaction
C.
a deficiency in T-cell development
D.
autoantibodies and T cells
E.
IgE and mast cells
Question #64
Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category ________.
A.
type I, type II, and type III
B.
type I and type IV
C.
type IV only
D.
type I, type II, type III, and type IV
E.
type I only
Question #65
Histamine causes all of the following except ________.
A.
constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine
B.
relaxes vascular smooth muscle
C.
increased sensitivity to pain
D.
wheal and flare reaction in skin
E.
pruritus and headache
Question #66
Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?
A.
Contactant
B.
Inhalant
C.
Ingestant
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
Injectant
Question #67
Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a(n) ________.
A.
hypograft
B.
isograft
C.
allograft
D.
xenograft
E.
F.
autograft
Question #68
Each of the following is an autoimmune disease except ________.
A.
rheumatic fever
B.
systemic lupus erythematosus
C.
metastatic cancer
D.
Graves' disease
E.
type I diabetes
Question #69
All of the following are involved in type 2 hypersensitivity except ________.
A.
IgE
B.
foreign cells
C.
IgM
D.
IgG
E.
complement
Question #70
The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is ________.
A.
hemopathology
B.
histopathology
C.
immunopathology
D.
epidemiology
E.
humoralpathology
Question #71
Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a(n) ________.
A.
immunodeficiency
B.
autoimmune disease
C.
desensitization
D.
transfusion reaction
E.
hypersensitivity
Question #72
The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when ________.
A.
maternal Rh ˗ cells enter an Rh + fetus
B.
fetal Rh + cells enter an Rh - mother
C.
fetal Rh + cells enter an Rh + mother
D.
maternal Rh + cells enter an Rh -fetus
E.
fetal Rh ˗ cells enter an Rh + mother
Question #73
A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered ________.
A.
T-cell mediated
B.
antibody mediated
C.
atopic
D.
delayed
E.
systemic anaphylactic
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here