Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Winter 2022 » Lecture Exam 4 (Ch 12, 13, 14)
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here
Question #1
Keratin is an important aspect of nonspecific defense because it ________.
A.
is toxic to pathogens
B.
physically restricts pathogens to a specific region
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
creates a physical barrier against pathogens
E.
destroys pathogens
Question #2
Select examples of innate host defense mechanisms in order to test your understanding of host defenses.
A.
Host defenses due to B and T cells and their products Use of drugs and antibiotics Anatomical and physiological barriers
B.
Internal cellular and chemical defenses Use of drugs and antibiotics Host defenses due to B and T cells and their products
C.
Internal cellular and chemical defenses Phagocytosis and inflammation Anatomical and physiological barriers
D.
Host defenses due to B and T cells and their products Use of drugs and antibiotics
Question #3
The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as ________.
A.
spleen
B.
thymus
C.
GALT
D.
lymph nodes
E.
tonsils
Question #4
Each of the following is involved in the migration of white blood cells except ________.
A.
diapedesis
B.
phagocytosis
C.
chemotaxis
D.
vasodilation
E.
motility
Question #5
Which of the following is incorrect about circulating blood cells?
A.
Include erythrocytes that, when mature, lose their nuclei
B.
Develop from undifferentiated stem cells
C.
After birth, produced in red bone marrow sites
D.
Include Kupffer cells
E.
Include leukocytes that are either granulocytes or agranulocytes
Question #6
_____ function in humoral immunity, while _____ function in cell-mediated immunity.
A.
B cells; neutrophils
B.
Monocytes; basophils
C.
Basophils; T cells
D.
T cells; B cells
E.
B cells; T cells
Question #7
Which of the following fluid compartments is not a partner in immune function?
A.
Extracellular fluid
B.
Bloodstream
C.
Lymphatic system
D.
Intracellular fluid
Question #8
The body region where a ciliary escalator helps to sweep microbes trapped in mucus away from that body site is the ________.
A.
urinary tract
B.
skin
C.
eyes
D.
respiratory tract
E.
digestive tract
Question #9
Which of the following is incorrect about inflammation?
A.
Fever could be beneficial to inhibiting the pathogen.
B.
Basophils and mast cells release histamine.
C.
Pyrogens cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
D.
Serotonin causes smooth muscle contraction.
E.
It can last hours to years.
Question #10
Which of the following is mismatched dealing with inflammation?
A.
Dolar—pain
B.
Rubor—redness
C.
Tumor—cancer
D.
None of these are mismatched.
E.
Calor—warmth
Question #11
Plasma ________.
A.
contains albumin and globulins
B.
is the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
contains fibrinogen
E.
is mostly water
Question #12
Each of the following are physical barriers to pathogens except ________.
A.
hairs
B.
tears
C.
T cells
D.
mucus
E.
unbroken skin
Question #13
Diapedesis is the ________.
A.
production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets
B.
loss of blood due to hemorrhaging
C.
plugging of broken vessels to stop bleeding
D.
production of only red blood cells
E.
migration of white blood cells from the blood out to the tissues
Question #14
Which of the following is not a chief function of inflammation?
A.
Destroy microbes
B.
Block further invasion
C.
Cause a fever
D.
Start tissue repair
E.
Mobilize and attract immune components to injury site
Question #15
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called _______ because they have prominent cytoplasmic inclusions that, in a stained blood smear, appear with identifying, characteristic colors.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
granulocytes
C.
leukocytes
D.
monocytes
E.
agranulocytes
Question #16
The granules of basophils contain ________.
A.
lysozyme
B.
antigens
C.
histamine
D.
antibodies
E.
digestive enzymes
Question #17
The four classic signs and symptoms of inflammation include all the following except ________.
A.
chills
B.
warmth
C.
pain
D.
swelling
E.
redness
Question #18
Which type of white blood cells are particularly attracted to sites of parasitic worm infections?
A.
Monocytes
B.
Lymphocytes
C.
Eosinophils
D.
Basophils
E.
Neutrophils
Question #19
Leukocytes that are derived from monocytes and have long, thin processes to trap pathogens are ________.
A.
dendritic cells
B.
mast cells
C.
eosinophils
D.
macrophages
E.
platelets
Question #20
When monocytes migrate from the blood out to the tissues they are transformed by inflammatory mediators to develop into ________.
A.
neutrophils
B.
macrophages
C.
primary phagocytes
D.
cytotoxic T cells
E.
killer T cells
Question #21
The most numerous WBCs that have multilobed nuclei and are very phagocytic are ________.
A.
neutrophils
B.
basophils
C.
eosinophils
D.
monocytes
E.
lymphocytes
Question #22
Which of the following are correct descriptions of the first line of defense?
A.
Involves phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages) Involves recognition of foreign agents by their pathogen-associated molecular patterns
B.
Includes chemicals such as lysozyme and lactic acid Involves barriers at portals of entry Examples include the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory passages, excretion of urine, and production of tears
C.
Involves barriers at portals of entry Involves phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages) Involves recognition of foreign agents by their pathogen-associated molecular patterns
D.
Includes chemicals such as lysozyme and lactic acid Involves recognition of foreign agents by their pathogen-associated molecular patterns
Question #23
Each of the following are benefits of fever except it ________.
A.
increases the availability of iron
B.
increases metabolism
C.
reduces the ability of temperature-sensitive organisms to multiply
D.
increases phagocytosis
E.
stimulates hematopoiesis
Question #24
This body region is protected by fatty acids, acidic pH, lactic acid, and a tough cell barrier with its own normal biota.
A.
Urinary tract
B.
Skin
C.
Respiratory tract
D.
Eyes
E.
Digestive tract
Question #25
The immunoglobulins found on the surface of B cells are ________.
A.
IgD and IgE
B.
IgD only
C.
IgM and IgD
D.
IgM only
E.
IgG only
Question #26
MHC molecules are found on each of the following cells except ________.
A.
eosinophils
B.
red blood cells
C.
islet of Langerhans cells
D.
leukocytes
E.
epithelial cells
Question #27
The major histocompatibility complex is ________.
A.
located in the thymus gland
B.
a set of genes that code for MHC glycoproteins
C.
glycoproteins, called MHC antigens, found on all body cells
D.
found on the third chromosome
E.
F.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #28
Lymphocytes ________.
A.
gain tolerance to self by destruction of lymphocytes that could react against self
B.
develop into clones of B and T cells with extreme variations of specificity
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
have membrane receptors that recognize foreign antigens
E.
possess MHC antigens for recognizing self
Question #29
________ is the most abundant class of antibodies in serum.
A.
IgG
B.
IgA
C.
IgD
D.
IgE
E.
IgM
Question #30
Memory B cells are formed during the primary response so that upon a secondary antigen exposure, a faster and more vigorous antibody response ensues.
A.
true
B.
false
Question #31
Superantigens are ________.
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
those that evoke allergic reactions
C.
cell markers found in some member of a species but not in other members
D.
body tissues that the immune system mistakes as foreign
E.
bacterial toxins that activate T cells at a 100 times greater rate than other antigens
Question #32
All of the following are characteristics of IgM except ________.
A.
is the first class synthesized by a plasma cell
B.
can serve as a B-cell receptor
C.
is a dimer
D.
contains a central J chain
E.
has 10 antigen binding sites
Question #33
B and T cells can only recognize and bind antigen that has been processed and presented on MHC molecules.
A.
false
B.
true
Question #34
Class II MHC genes code for ________.
A.
receptors located primarily on macrophages and B cells
B.
all HLA antigens
C.
self receptors recognized by T lymphocytes
D.
certain secreted complement components
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #35
What type of cells secrete antibodies?
A.
Cytotoxic T cells
B.
Antigen-presenting cells
C.
B cells
D.
Helper T cells
E.
Plasma cells
Question #36
The most significant cells in graft rejection are ________.
A.
cytotoxic T cells
B.
delayed hypersensitivity T cells
C.
helper T cells
D.
natural killer (NK) cells
E.
suppressor T cells
Question #37
Antigens that elicit allergic reactions are called ________.
A.
superantigens
B.
autoantigens
C.
allergens
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
heterophilic antigens
Question #38
Properties of effective antigens include all the following except ________.
A.
have large polymers made up of repeating subunits
B.
are foreign to the immune system
C.
are cells or large, complex molecules
D.
are large molecules with a minimum molecular weight of 1,000
E.
have molecular complexity
Question #39
Cell surface markers involved in immune reactions ________.
A.
are the result of genetic expression
B.
aid in cellular development
C.
function in recognition of self molecules
D.
receive and transmit chemical messages among other cells of the system
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #40
The molecular fragment on an antigen molecule that a lymphocyte recognizes and responds to is called a(n) ________.
A.
epitope
B.
variable region
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
antigen binding site
E.
hapten
Question #41
Helper T cells ________.
A.
suppress immune reactions
B.
directly destroy target cells
C.
function in allergic reactions
D.
secrete antibodies
E.
activate B cells and other T cells
Question #42
The immunoglobulin class that has an Fc region that binds to receptors on basophils and mast cells is ________.
A.
IgM
B.
IgE
C.
IgG
D.
IgD
E.
IgA
Question #43
T-cell response to T-cell-dependent antigens requires ________.
A.
typically a protein antigen
B.
binding of T-cell to a class II MHC receptor on a macrophage
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
E.
binding of T-cell to a site on the antigen
F.
interleukin-1 activating the T helper cell
Question #44
There are only two major subsets of T cells.
A.
false
B.
true
Question #45
Antigen-presenting cells ________.
A.
hold and present processed antigen on their cell membrane surface
B.
include macrophages
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
include dendritic cells
E.
engulf and modify antigen to be more immunogenic
Question #46
Plasma cells ________.
A.
directly destroy target cells
B.
function in allergic reactions
C.
activate B cells and other T cells
D.
secrete antibodies
E.
suppress immune reactions
Question #47
Each ________ fragment of an antibody molecule contains the variable regions of a heavy and light chain that folds into a groove for one epitope.
A.
Fc
B.
Fab
C.
variable
D.
hinge
E.
terminal
Question #48
Lymphocyte maturation involves ________.
A.
B cells maturing in bone marrow sites
B.
T cells maturing in the thymus
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
release of mature lymphocytes to begin migration to various lymphoid organs
E.
hormonal signals that initiate development
Question #49
The monomer subunit of immunoglobulin molecules has all the following except ________.
A.
a variable and constant region on each polypeptide chain
B.
four antigen binding sites
C.
disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains
D.
two identical heavy polypeptide chains
E.
two identical light polypeptide chains
Question #50
The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is ________.
A.
platelet-activating factor
B.
serotonin
C.
prostaglandin
D.
histamine
E.
leukotriene
Question #51
Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except ________.
A.
multiple sclerosis
B.
rheumatoid arthritis
C.
myasthenia gravis
D.
Graves' disease
E.
tuberculin reaction
Question #52
Which type(s) of hypersensitivity is IgG involved with?
A.
Both anaphylaxis and antibody mediated
B.
Immune complex mediated
C.
Antibody mediated
D.
Anaphylaxis
E.
Both antibody mediated and immune complex mediated
Question #53
What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?
A.
Host rejection of graft
B.
Formation of autoantibodies
C.
Graft versus host disease
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Question #54
Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators?
A.
Histamine acts on smooth muscle
B.
Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
C.
Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
D.
Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
E.
Degranulation
Question #55
Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing ________.
A.
None of thechoices are correct.
B.
degranulation
C.
tissue matching
D.
desensitization
E.
sensitization
Question #56
What involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue?
A.
Organ transplantation
B.
Blood transfusion
C.
Skin graft
D.
All of thechoices are correct.
E.
Both skin graft and organ transplantation
Question #57
A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is ________.
A.
atopic dermatitis
B.
allergic rhinitis
C.
asthma
D.
eczema
E.
anaphylaxis
Question #58
Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?
A.
Serum sickness is a systemic response
B.
Involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies
C.
Antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues
D.
The Arthus reaction is a local response
E.
Involves an immune complex reaction
Question #59
Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against ________.
A.
acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle
B.
acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle
C.
myelin sheath cells of the nervous system
D.
sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane
E.
cells in thyroid follicles
Question #60
Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?
A.
Histamine acts on smooth muscle
B.
Binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils
C.
Prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
D.
Bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils
E.
Degranulation
Question #61
Corticosteroids will ________.
A.
relieve inflammatory symptoms
B.
block synthesis of leukotrienes
C.
bind to histamine receptors on target organs
D.
inhibit the activity of lymphocytes
E.
reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles
Question #62
Which of the following is not a possible symptom of type I hypersensitivity?
A.
Sneezing
B.
Diarrhea
C.
Contact dermatitis
D.
Rashes
E.
Rhinitis
Question #63
Autoimmunity is typically due to ________.
A.
autoantibodies and T cells
B.
a deficiency in T-cell development
C.
graft rejection
D.
IgE and mast cells
E.
a transfusion reaction
Question #64
Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category ________.
A.
type I, type II, and type III
B.
type I and type IV
C.
type I only
D.
type IV only
E.
type I, type II, type III, and type IV
Question #65
Histamine causes all of the following except ________.
A.
increased sensitivity to pain
B.
constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine
C.
wheal and flare reaction in skin
D.
relaxes vascular smooth muscle
E.
pruritus and headache
Question #66
Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
Inhalant
C.
Injectant
D.
Ingestant
E.
Contactant
Question #67
Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a(n) ________.
A.
allograft
B.
hypograft
C.
isograft
D.
autograft
E.
F.
xenograft
Question #68
Each of the following is an autoimmune disease except ________.
A.
rheumatic fever
B.
type I diabetes
C.
systemic lupus erythematosus
D.
metastatic cancer
E.
Graves' disease
Question #69
All of the following are involved in type 2 hypersensitivity except ________.
A.
IgG
B.
IgM
C.
foreign cells
D.
complement
E.
IgE
Question #70
The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is ________.
A.
epidemiology
B.
humoralpathology
C.
hemopathology
D.
immunopathology
E.
histopathology
Question #71
Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a(n) ________.
A.
autoimmune disease
B.
immunodeficiency
C.
desensitization
D.
transfusion reaction
E.
hypersensitivity
Question #72
The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when ________.
A.
maternal Rh ˗ cells enter an Rh + fetus
B.
fetal Rh + cells enter an Rh + mother
C.
fetal Rh + cells enter an Rh - mother
D.
maternal Rh + cells enter an Rh -fetus
E.
fetal Rh ˗ cells enter an Rh + mother
Question #73
A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered ________.
A.
systemic anaphylactic
B.
T-cell mediated
C.
antibody mediated
D.
atopic
E.
delayed
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here