The influence of water on global temperatures, due to water’s thermal characteristics, prevents broad swings of temperature during the day and night.

The polarity of water makes it able to dissolve many compounds.

Heat and temperature are synonymous terms.

The continuous removal of heat from water always corresponds to a consistent decrease in temperature.

Seawater density increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pressure.

The salts in the ocean are similar to those of concentrated river water.

The heat properties of seawater are different than pure water due to the dissolved solids and gases present.

When saltwater freezes, the sea salts are incorporated into the ice matrix.

Carbon dioxide is abundant near the ocean surface due to the photosynthesis activities of plants.

The pH scale is the logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentrations.

Earth's atmosphere and ocean are intertwined, their gases and waters freely exchanged.

Weather and climate mean the same thing.

The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is oxygen.

Water vapor can occupy as much as 4% of the total volume of air.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) represents an imaginary line that divides the Earth into equal energy hemispheres.

Surface ocean currents flow vertically in the uppermost 400 meters of the water column.

Gyres tend to collect seaweed and trash as their centers.

The Ekman spiral is similar to an eddy in that the water spirals downward like a whirlpool.

Downwelling can have direct effects on the climate of an adjacent coast.

Surface currents distribute tropical heat worldwide. The winters in Scotland, Ireland, and England are relatively mild due to the energy transported by the North Atlantic Current and the Gulf Stream.