California State University, Fullerton » Anthropology » Anthropology 316 - The Anthropology of Sex and Gender » Fall 2021

Anthropology 316 - The Anthropology of Sex and Gender » Fall 2021 » Exam 2

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Question #1

In the article, Gender Inequality in Interaction, women who have been exposed to high androgen levels in utero from their mother’s bloodstream are more likely to have masculine interests and behaviors.

A. True

B. False

Question #2

In numerous examples from 19th Century Sweden to the Yomut Turkmen, we still see mammalian patterns of males such as:

A. Increasing one’s reproductive chances by conforming to a polyandrous lifestyle

B. Increasing one’s chances of survival by taking fewer risks

C. Acquiring more resources as a means to acquire more females

D. Acquiring a mate by conforming to a monogamous lifestyle, demonstrating morals and values to attract females

Question #3

Hopcroft proposes that young men tend to defer to females to demonstrate respect as a sexual display to attract a long term mate.

A. False

B. True

Question #4

Evolutionary theory suggests that widespread concerns with female sexuality are based in part on the evolved male predisposition to avoid cuckoldry.

A. True

B. False

Question #5

What is the "molecule of more"?

A. testosterone

B. dopamine

C. seratonin

D. oxytocin

Question #6

Among the Australian Aborigines, male-female inequalities are enforced by coalitions with secret knowledge.

A. True

B. False

Question #7

Among the Yanomamo, non-unokais are much more likely to be polygynous than unokais.

A. True

B. False

Question #8

Which of the following tasks are considered to be universally male or female in cross-cultural analysis? Fuel Gathering

A. Male

B. Female

Question #9

Which of the following tasks are considered to be universally male or female in cross-cultural analysis? Dairy Production

A. Male

B. Female

Question #10

Which of the following tasks are considered to be universally male or female in cross-cultural analysis? Woodworking

A. Female

B. Male

Question #11

Sheryl Sandberg’s TED talk explains that there are too few women leaders because:

A. Women tend to not negotiate for themselves in the workforce

B. Women tend to not take credit for their work

C. All of the answers are correct.

D. Women tend to underestimate their own abilities

Question #12

What does Hopcroft refer to as the EEA?

A. ape environments

B. our evolutionary environment

C. our novel environment

D. agricultural societies that began about 13,000 years ago

Question #13

Which of the following explains how the Ache share meat?

A. They share meat and rarely eat their own kill to reinforce reciprocal exchange among hunters. They share meat and rarely eat their own kill because generosity brings prestige, status, and wives

B. They share meat and rarely eat their own kill because generosity brings prestige, status, and wives. They share meat because they care more about the environment and are trying to be sustainable.

C. They share meat because they care more about the environment and are trying to be sustainable. They share meat and rarely eat their own kill to reinforce reciprocal exchange among hunters

Question #14

The Trivers-Willard effect predicts:

A. Female offspring will wean later than males because they will remain more dependent on their mothers as they mature

B. Parental investment is typically higher for daughters than for sons

C. Parental investment is typically higher for sons than for daughters

D. Parental investment is the same for both daughters and sons for polygynous mammals and humans

Question #15

Among the Mukogodo of central Kenya,

A. Males pay a larger brideprice to acquire females from neighboring tribesmen instead of marrying lower ranking Mukogodo women.

B. Males are nursed longer than females

C. Females have better education than males

D. Males are more valued because sons produce more offspring than daughters within their lifetime

Question #16

Which of the following is an example of inclusive fitness?

A. All of the answers are correct.

B. Helping a non-human species

C. Helping your sister

D. Helping a stranger

Question #17

Among the Yomut Turkmen of Northern Iran, what conditions allowed men to take additional brides?

A. Social Status

B. Livestock

C. All of the answers are correct.

D. Working as extended families to accumulate wealth

Question #18

IPAT stands for:

A. Influence = Personality x Attitude x Temperament

B. Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology

C. Influence = Politics x Affluence x Tenure

D. Impact = Predator x Aggression x Threats

Question #19

W.D. Hamilton’s rule states:

A. Costs are offset when non-related individuals experience fitness gains

B. Costs are offset by selfish, individual fitness gains

C. Costs are offset by individual fitness gains and the fitness gains of relatives but only when relatives share strong bonds and are willing to reciprocate

D. Costs are offset by both individual fitness gains and the fitness gains of their relatives

Question #20

Both males and females in political positions have increased reproductive fitness.

A. True

B. False

Question #21

Which of the following serves as an example of Tragedy of the Commons:

A. When water is scarce, people of a town will conserve resources to ensure fair distribution

B. People are more likely to cooperate and receive a lesser punishment than to blame another person

C. People are more likely to defect and blame another than to cooperate and receive a lesser punishment

D. When water is scarce, people of a town will hoard what they can instead of conserving to ensure fair distribution

Question #22

Which of the following serves as an example of Prisoner’s Dilemma?

A. People are more likely to defect and blame another than to cooperate and receive a lesser punishment

B. When water is scarce, people of a town will hoard what they can instead of conserving to ensure fair distribution

C. When water is scarce, people of a town will conserve resources to ensure fair distribution

D. People are more likely to cooperate and receive a lesser punishment than to blame another person

Question #23

Which of the following exemplifies how modern warfare tactics mimic evolutionary predispositions to unify the military?

A. GI Haircuts

B. Uniforms

C. Uncle Sam

D. All of the answers are correct.

Question #24

Why is the concept of the ‘noble savage’ considered a myth?

A. Hunter gatherers are usually more abusive to their environment because they lack education about sustainability

B. Small scale societies went extinct 30,000 years ago

C. Even hunter gatherers are prone to the same errors of all other humans

D. Hunter gatherers are the most likely to over consume resources because they have more free time without a market exchange economy.

Question #25

Which of the following methods is best for encouraging good behavior using tactics that work WITH our evolutionary predispositions?

A. rewards and incentives

B. societal pressure to do the right thing

C. education

D. establishing more female leaders

Question #26

Which of the following species has a longer post-reproductive life?

A. Bonobos

B. Humans

C. Orangutans

D. Chimpanzees

Question #27

Liberals tend to be less dopaminergic and are more satisfied with the "here and now" rather than envisioning a better version of the world.

A. True

B. False

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