A.   trait must be heritable

B.   differential reproductive success

C.   organisms must be able to change themselves to adapt

D.   differential mortality rates

A.   Genes are just passive recorders of what worked better than what

B.   The theory of evolution is fundamentally flawed

C.   Genes do not determine behaviors in humans but rather provide humans with behavioral flexibility

D.   Humans, like other species, are innately selfish with a goal of reproductive success

A.   bowerbirds

B.   peacocks

C.   red deer

D.   gelada baboons

A.   when sexual dimorphism allows males to dominate female movements and females cannot be controlled

B.   when sexual dimorphism allows males to dominate female movements and resources cannot be controlled

C.   resources cannot be controlled and females cannot be controlled

D.   when sexual dimorphism allows males to dominate female movements

A.   a process of evolutionary change caused by differential fitness rates

B.   a process of evolutionary change caused by differential survival rates

C.   a process of evolutionary change caused by mate choice

D.   a process of evolutionary change when males are able to reproduce at a frequency higher than that of females within the same species

A.   male effort is riskier

B.   parental effort is a larger fixed cost than mating effort

C.   females show lower survivorship

D.   females invest more mating effort than males

A.   ecological factors affect male ability to monopolize more than one female

B.   it protects infants from infanticide

C.   All of the answers are correct.

D.   parental investment needs are high in order to ensure survival of the offspring

A.   males can control the movement of females and warfare reduces the male population in less densely populated societies

B.   there is high pathogen stress in dense populations and warfare reduces the male population in less densely populated societies

C.   males can control the movement of females and there is high pathogen stress in dense populations

A.   female with multiple husbands

B.   pair-bonding

C.   multiple males and multiple females

D.   male with multiple wives

A.   False

B.   True

A.   False

B.   True

A.   False

B.   True

A.   False

B.   True

A.   True

B.   False

A.   when someone misrepresents an argument to make it easier to attack

B.   correlation is not causation

C.   something that is popular doesn't mean is natural or true

D.   assuming what is natural is good

A.   not throwing away his shot

B.   a behavior will become more common if the cost harms competitors even if one's self gains nothing

C.   a behavior will become common only if its benefits to self and kin outweigh the costs

D.   the degree of relatedness will not influence an individual's willingness to self-sacrifice

A.   a new alpha male in a single-male multi-female mating system kills the offspring

B.   an offspring is born deformed

C.   All of the answers are correct.

D.   a mother is in poor health with no support system

A.   Bonobo females only display estrus when they are not fertile as a way to keep their fertility windows secret from males

B.   Bonobo females display estrus swellings even when they are not fertile and therefore mask paternity

C.   Bonobo females only display estrus when they are fertile to maximize their change of becoming pregnant

D.   Bonobo females do not display estrus swellings as a way to mask paternity

A.   chimpanzees

B.   gorillas

C.   orangutans

D.   humans

A.   It falsely assumes that our behaviors are determined exclusively by our social environment, oftentimes blaming parents for socially unacceptable behaviors

B.   It accurately states that behaviors are influenced by both biology and the environment

C.   It falsely assumes that behaviors are determined by our genes

D.   It accurately states that behaviors and intelligence are influenced by our biology more than the environment

A.   no tails

B.   greater intelligence

C.   All of the answers are correct.

D.   typically larger bodied

A.   sneakers as a status symbol; handbags as a status symbol

B.   food; sex

C.   wealth; status

D.   mates; resources

A.   moths changing themselves within their own lifetime to adapt to the changing environment

B.   All of the answers are correct.

C.   polar bears transitioning to sea animals

D.   vestigial traits