Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Winter 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
Soil has a ______ heat capacity than water.
A.
lower
B.
higher
C.
the same
Question #2
Hydrogen bonds are about _____ % as strong as covalent bonds.
A.
5 to 10
B.
15 to 20
C.
1 to 5
D.
10 to 15
Question #3
Solutes _____ the freezing point of water
A.
has no effect to
B.
increase
C.
lower
Question #4
The pycnocline develops primarily as a result of _____ temperature with depth.
A.
lower
B.
higher
C.
the same
Question #5
A warming ocean will be able to hold _______ dissolved gases.
A.
more
B.
less
C.
the same
Question #6
A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.
A.
dry and cold
B.
wet and warm
C.
wet and cold
D.
dry and warm
E.
not enough information to tell
Question #7
The strength of a hurricane stems from water's ________.
A.
latent heat of deposition
B.
latent heat of melting
C.
latent heat of sublimation
D.
latent heat of condensation
E.
latent heat of fusion
Question #8
Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?
A.
A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.
B.
An apparent force resulting from Earth's rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.
C.
The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.
D.
Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.
E.
West Wind Drift
Question #9
Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?
A.
Gulf Stream
B.
North Equatorial Current
C.
California Current
D.
North Atlantic Current
E.
Brazil Current
Question #10
Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?
A.
Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.
B.
Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.
C.
Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.
D.
Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.
E.
Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.
Question #11
Match the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc
A.
Transform plate boudary
B.
Divergent plate boundary
C.
Convergent plate boundary
Question #12
Match the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones
A.
Convergent plate boundary
B.
Transform plate boudary
C.
Divergent plate boundary
Question #13
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor
A.
Transform plate boudary
B.
Convergent plate boundary
C.
Divergent plate boundary
Question #14
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Seafloor spreading
A.
Convergent plate boundary
B.
Divergent plate boundary
C.
Transform plate boudary
Question #15
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Trenches
A.
Transform plate boudary
B.
Convergent plate boundary
C.
Divergent plate boundary
Question #16
What is the prevailing wind direction at a latitude of 30 degrees North?
A.
Descending down to land surface
B.
From east to west
C.
From west to east
D.
Ascending up into the atmosphere
E.
From north to south
Question #17
Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?
A.
hydrothermal vents
B.
polar sea ice
C.
estuarine bays
D.
rainforest sediments
Question #18
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Subduct
B.
Rise
C.
Spread out
D.
Sink
E.
Stay the same
Question #19
What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?
A.
Volcanic eruptions
B.
Turbidity
C.
Subduction
D.
Spreading
E.
Erosion
Question #20
An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?
A.
evaporitic sediment
B.
diatomaceous earth
C.
siliceous ooze
D.
turbidic sediment
E.
calcareous ooze
Question #21
Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?
A.
Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy
B.
Carbon dioxide is more reactive.
C.
Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.
D.
Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.
E.
Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.
Question #22
An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?
A.
Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure
B.
Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure
C.
Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure
D.
Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure
E.
Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure
Question #23
What is true about the Coriolis effect?
A.
It is strongest near the equator.
B.
It causes the peak of the "hill" in the center of the gyre to be steeper on the eastern side.
C.
It causes Northern Hemisphere surface currents to flow to the left of the wind direction.
D.
It causes cold-core eddies in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise.
E.
It is absent at the equator.
Question #24
How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?
A.
10 meters per second
B.
1 meter per second
C.
400 meters per second
D.
20 meters per second
E.
There is not enough information to tell
Question #25
What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?
A.
semidiurnal tides
B.
semidiurnal mixed tides
C.
neap tides
D.
spring tides
E.
diurnal tides
Question #26
Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?
A.
Barrier reef
B.
Mangrove
C.
Fringing reef
D.
Drumlin
E.
Atoll
Question #27
Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?
A.
surface of temperate ocean
B.
deep ocean
C.
surface of a polar ocean
D.
intertidal zone
E.
cobble beaches
Question #28
What is an example of symbiosis?
A.
succession
B.
progression
C.
carrying capacity
D.
commensalism
E.
environmental resistance
Question #29
What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?
A.
hydrogen
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
oxygen
D.
nitrogen
E.
nitrous oxide
Question #30
Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?
A.
Fossilized fish
B.
Water column debris
C.
Planktonic organisms and bacteria
D.
Whale falls
E.
Sea grasses
Question #31
During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #32
Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #33
The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%
A.
True
B.
False
Question #34
Land has a greater heat capacity than water.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #35
In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #36
An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #37
The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #38
The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #39
El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #40
Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #41
Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?
A.
Toxic atmosphere
B.
Low gravity
C.
Optimum distance from a star
D.
Perfectly spherical orbit
E.
Few moons
Question #42
As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust behave?
A.
It will stay the same
B.
It will grow thicker
C.
It will spread out
D.
It will subside
E.
It will be uplifted
Question #43
Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?
A.
In a deep ocean trench
B.
At a mid-ocean ridge
C.
Around hot spot volcanoes
D.
In a submarine canyon
E.
Along the continental margin
Question #44
Active margins are also referred to as
A.
Fracture zones
B.
Spreading centers
C.
Atlantic-type margins
D.
Pacific-type margins
E.
Hot spots
Question #45
What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?
A.
In the same direction as the wind
B.
90° to the right of wind direction
C.
90° to the left of wind direction
D.
45° to the right of wind direction
E.
45° to the left of wind direction
Question #46
What is true of density, salinity, and temperature?
A.
Water masses of the same density will not combine.
B.
Many combinations of temperature and salinity can yield the same density.
C.
Both temperature and salinity decrease with depth.
D.
Only one combination of temperature and salinity can yield a given density.
E.
Density of water tends to decrease with depth.
Question #47
What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to reach the boiling point?
A.
density
B.
heat capacity
C.
capillary rise
D.
surface tension
E.
adhesion
Question #48
Ice is effective at cooling drinks because of the ____.
A.
diffusion of heat energy
B.
latent heat of vaporization
C.
sensible heat loss of water
D.
heat capacity of water
E.
latent heat of fusion
Question #49
During a change in state of water, which is true?
A.
As heat is removed, density stays the same.
B.
As heat is applied, temperature increases (or as heat is removed, temperature decreases).
C.
As heat is applied (or removed), temperature stays the same.
D.
As temperature increases, heat stays the same.
E.
As temperature increases, density stays the same.
Question #50
The concentration of ____ increases with depth, causing an increase in ocean acidity and influencing the calcite compensation depth.
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
nitrogen
C.
ammonia
D.
my mind
E.
oxygen
Question #51
A.
temperate regions
B.
mid-latitudes
C.
polar regions
D.
tropical regions
E.
equatorial regions
Question #52
The solar heating of Earth varies with ____ and ____.
A.
seasons; latitude
B.
seasons; longitude
C.
longitude; latitude
D.
winds; convection
E.
winds; reflection
Question #53
What type of water mass dissolves a higher concentration of gases?
A.
tropical water masses
B.
temperate water masses
C.
equatorial water masses
D.
subtropical water masses
E.
polar water masses
Question #54
What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?
A.
Mineral precipitation
B.
There are fewer animals present
C.
Decreased saturation because of cooler water
D.
The respiration of marine animals and bacteria
E.
The by-products of photosynthesis
Question #55
Why is humid air less dense than dry air?
A.
Molecular movement of water vapor occupies more space than dry air.
B.
Molecules of water vapor have more mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.
C.
Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.
D.
Water vapor molecules are more compressed than dry air molecules.
E.
Molecular movement of water vapor occupies less space than dry air.
Question #56
What changes are caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean?
A.
Low pressure builds in the western Pacific.
B.
High pressure builds in the eastern Pacific.
C.
Trade winds blow from west to east.
D.
Trade winds blow from east to west.
E.
Equatorial currents move faster.
Question #57
Which is an example of coastal upwelling affecting weather onshore?
A.
A warm-water pool accumulates and warm moist air rises, inducing rainfall.
B.
Southerly winds bring warm temperatures and dry weather.
C.
Dry, cold air is transported from the north, inducing drought conditions.
D.
Cold water is transported away from the shore causing abnormally high temperatures.
E.
Cold water is brought to the surface that chills the air above, inducing cool, wet weather.
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