Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Winter 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
Soil has a ______ heat capacity than water.
A.
the same
B.
lower
C.
higher
Question #2
Hydrogen bonds are about _____ % as strong as covalent bonds.
A.
5 to 10
B.
15 to 20
C.
10 to 15
D.
1 to 5
Question #3
Solutes _____ the freezing point of water
A.
lower
B.
increase
C.
has no effect to
Question #4
The pycnocline develops primarily as a result of _____ temperature with depth.
A.
higher
B.
the same
C.
lower
Question #5
A warming ocean will be able to hold _______ dissolved gases.
A.
more
B.
the same
C.
less
Question #6
A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.
A.
wet and cold
B.
wet and warm
C.
dry and cold
D.
dry and warm
E.
not enough information to tell
Question #7
The strength of a hurricane stems from water's ________.
A.
latent heat of fusion
B.
latent heat of sublimation
C.
latent heat of melting
D.
latent heat of condensation
E.
latent heat of deposition
Question #8
Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?
A.
Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.
B.
West Wind Drift
C.
The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.
D.
A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.
E.
An apparent force resulting from Earth's rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.
Question #9
Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?
A.
California Current
B.
North Atlantic Current
C.
Gulf Stream
D.
North Equatorial Current
E.
Brazil Current
Question #10
Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?
A.
Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.
B.
Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.
C.
Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.
D.
Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.
E.
Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.
Question #11
Match the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc
A.
Divergent plate boundary
B.
Transform plate boudary
C.
Convergent plate boundary
Question #12
Match the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones
A.
Divergent plate boundary
B.
Convergent plate boundary
C.
Transform plate boudary
Question #13
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor
A.
Transform plate boudary
B.
Convergent plate boundary
C.
Divergent plate boundary
Question #14
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Seafloor spreading
A.
Transform plate boudary
B.
Divergent plate boundary
C.
Convergent plate boundary
Question #15
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Trenches
A.
Convergent plate boundary
B.
Divergent plate boundary
C.
Transform plate boudary
Question #16
What is the prevailing wind direction at a latitude of 30 degrees North?
A.
Descending down to land surface
B.
Ascending up into the atmosphere
C.
From east to west
D.
From west to east
E.
From north to south
Question #17
Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?
A.
estuarine bays
B.
rainforest sediments
C.
hydrothermal vents
D.
polar sea ice
Question #18
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Subduct
B.
Rise
C.
Sink
D.
Stay the same
E.
Spread out
Question #19
What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?
A.
Subduction
B.
Volcanic eruptions
C.
Spreading
D.
Turbidity
E.
Erosion
Question #20
An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?
A.
evaporitic sediment
B.
calcareous ooze
C.
siliceous ooze
D.
diatomaceous earth
E.
turbidic sediment
Question #21
Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?
A.
Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.
B.
Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.
C.
Carbon dioxide is more reactive.
D.
Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy
E.
Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.
Question #22
An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?
A.
Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure
B.
Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure
C.
Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure
D.
Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure
E.
Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure
Question #23
What is true about the Coriolis effect?
A.
It causes Northern Hemisphere surface currents to flow to the left of the wind direction.
B.
It causes cold-core eddies in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise.
C.
It is strongest near the equator.
D.
It causes the peak of the "hill" in the center of the gyre to be steeper on the eastern side.
E.
It is absent at the equator.
Question #24
How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?
A.
1 meter per second
B.
10 meters per second
C.
There is not enough information to tell
D.
400 meters per second
E.
20 meters per second
Question #25
What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?
A.
diurnal tides
B.
semidiurnal tides
C.
semidiurnal mixed tides
D.
spring tides
E.
neap tides
Question #26
Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?
A.
Drumlin
B.
Fringing reef
C.
Barrier reef
D.
Mangrove
E.
Atoll
Question #27
Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?
A.
deep ocean
B.
surface of a polar ocean
C.
surface of temperate ocean
D.
cobble beaches
E.
intertidal zone
Question #28
What is an example of symbiosis?
A.
environmental resistance
B.
progression
C.
commensalism
D.
succession
E.
carrying capacity
Question #29
What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
hydrogen
C.
oxygen
D.
nitrogen
E.
nitrous oxide
Question #30
Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?
A.
Sea grasses
B.
Whale falls
C.
Planktonic organisms and bacteria
D.
Water column debris
E.
Fossilized fish
Question #31
During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #32
Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #33
The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%
A.
True
B.
False
Question #34
Land has a greater heat capacity than water.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #35
In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #36
An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #37
The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #38
The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #39
El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #40
Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #41
Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?
A.
Low gravity
B.
Toxic atmosphere
C.
Optimum distance from a star
D.
Perfectly spherical orbit
E.
Few moons
Question #42
As sediment accumulates in a continental margin, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust behave?
A.
It will spread out
B.
It will grow thicker
C.
It will stay the same
D.
It will subside
E.
It will be uplifted
Question #43
Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?
A.
In a deep ocean trench
B.
At a mid-ocean ridge
C.
Along the continental margin
D.
In a submarine canyon
E.
Around hot spot volcanoes
Question #44
Active margins are also referred to as
A.
Pacific-type margins
B.
Hot spots
C.
Spreading centers
D.
Atlantic-type margins
E.
Fracture zones
Question #45
What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?
A.
45° to the left of wind direction
B.
90° to the right of wind direction
C.
45° to the right of wind direction
D.
90° to the left of wind direction
E.
In the same direction as the wind
Question #46
What is true of density, salinity, and temperature?
A.
Both temperature and salinity decrease with depth.
B.
Only one combination of temperature and salinity can yield a given density.
C.
Water masses of the same density will not combine.
D.
Density of water tends to decrease with depth.
E.
Many combinations of temperature and salinity can yield the same density.
Question #47
What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to reach the boiling point?
A.
heat capacity
B.
capillary rise
C.
density
D.
adhesion
E.
surface tension
Question #48
Ice is effective at cooling drinks because of the ____.
A.
latent heat of fusion
B.
latent heat of vaporization
C.
heat capacity of water
D.
sensible heat loss of water
E.
diffusion of heat energy
Question #49
During a change in state of water, which is true?
A.
As heat is applied (or removed), temperature stays the same.
B.
As heat is removed, density stays the same.
C.
As temperature increases, heat stays the same.
D.
As temperature increases, density stays the same.
E.
As heat is applied, temperature increases (or as heat is removed, temperature decreases).
Question #50
The concentration of ____ increases with depth, causing an increase in ocean acidity and influencing the calcite compensation depth.
A.
nitrogen
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
my mind
D.
oxygen
E.
ammonia
Question #51
A.
temperate regions
B.
mid-latitudes
C.
tropical regions
D.
equatorial regions
E.
polar regions
Question #52
The solar heating of Earth varies with ____ and ____.
A.
winds; convection
B.
longitude; latitude
C.
winds; reflection
D.
seasons; latitude
E.
seasons; longitude
Question #53
What type of water mass dissolves a higher concentration of gases?
A.
temperate water masses
B.
tropical water masses
C.
subtropical water masses
D.
equatorial water masses
E.
polar water masses
Question #54
What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?
A.
Mineral precipitation
B.
There are fewer animals present
C.
Decreased saturation because of cooler water
D.
The respiration of marine animals and bacteria
E.
The by-products of photosynthesis
Question #55
Why is humid air less dense than dry air?
A.
Molecular movement of water vapor occupies more space than dry air.
B.
Molecular movement of water vapor occupies less space than dry air.
C.
Molecules of water vapor have more mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.
D.
Water vapor molecules are more compressed than dry air molecules.
E.
Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.
Question #56
What changes are caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean?
A.
Equatorial currents move faster.
B.
Trade winds blow from east to west.
C.
High pressure builds in the eastern Pacific.
D.
Low pressure builds in the western Pacific.
E.
Trade winds blow from west to east.
Question #57
Which is an example of coastal upwelling affecting weather onshore?
A.
A warm-water pool accumulates and warm moist air rises, inducing rainfall.
B.
Cold water is transported away from the shore causing abnormally high temperatures.
C.
Southerly winds bring warm temperatures and dry weather.
D.
Cold water is brought to the surface that chills the air above, inducing cool, wet weather.
E.
Dry, cold air is transported from the north, inducing drought conditions.
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