Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Winter 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
Soil has a ______ heat capacity than water.
A.
lower
B.
the same
C.
higher
Question #2
Hydrogen bonds are about _____ % as strong as covalent bonds.
A.
15 to 20
B.
1 to 5
C.
5 to 10
D.
10 to 15
Question #3
Solutes _____ the freezing point of water
A.
lower
B.
increase
C.
has no effect to
Question #4
The pycnocline develops primarily as a result of _____ temperature with depth.
A.
lower
B.
higher
C.
the same
Question #5
A warming ocean will be able to hold _______ dissolved gases.
A.
more
B.
the same
C.
less
Question #6
A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be ________.
A.
dry and cold
B.
wet and cold
C.
wet and warm
D.
not enough information to tell
E.
dry and warm
Question #7
The strength of a hurricane stems from water's ________.
A.
latent heat of melting
B.
latent heat of deposition
C.
latent heat of condensation
D.
latent heat of fusion
E.
latent heat of sublimation
Question #8
Which of the following powers tropical cyclones?
A.
West Wind Drift
B.
A density-driven circulation that is initiated at the ocean surface by temperature and salinity.
C.
The vast amounts of latent heat as water evaporates and condenses.
D.
Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.
E.
An apparent force resulting from Earth's rotation that causes particles in motion to be deflected.
Question #9
Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?
A.
North Atlantic Current
B.
Gulf Stream
C.
California Current
D.
Brazil Current
E.
North Equatorial Current
Question #10
Which of the following statements about coastal waters is CORRECT?
A.
Coastal waters have limited opportunities for oil production and recreational activities.
B.
Coastal waters are of minor importance for shipping because they traverse the open ocean.
C.
Coastal waters only support about 15% of the total mass of life in the oceans.
D.
Coastal waters serve as nursery grounds for many species that inhabit the open ocean.
E.
Coastal waters receive land-derived pollutants after they pass through the open ocean.
Question #11
Match the appropriate plate boundary. Island arc
A.
Transform plate boudary
B.
Convergent plate boundary
C.
Divergent plate boundary
Question #12
Match the appropriate plate boundary. Fracture zones
A.
Convergent plate boundary
B.
Divergent plate boundary
C.
Transform plate boudary
Question #13
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Magnetic “stripes” on the seafloor
A.
Transform plate boudary
B.
Convergent plate boundary
C.
Divergent plate boundary
Question #14
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Seafloor spreading
A.
Divergent plate boundary
B.
Convergent plate boundary
C.
Transform plate boudary
Question #15
Match the appropriate plate boundary.Trenches
A.
Convergent plate boundary
B.
Divergent plate boundary
C.
Transform plate boudary
Question #16
What is the prevailing wind direction at a latitude of 30 degrees North?
A.
Descending down to land surface
B.
From west to east
C.
From east to west
D.
Ascending up into the atmosphere
E.
From north to south
Question #17
Which extreme environment may have favored the origin of life on Earth?
A.
rainforest sediments
B.
polar sea ice
C.
estuarine bays
D.
hydrothermal vents
Question #18
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Spread out
B.
Rise
C.
Sink
D.
Subduct
E.
Stay the same
Question #19
What process gives trenches their unique arc-shaped depressions?
A.
Erosion
B.
Spreading
C.
Volcanic eruptions
D.
Turbidity
E.
Subduction
Question #20
An abundance of foraminifera shells would be described as what type of sediment?
A.
diatomaceous earth
B.
siliceous ooze
C.
turbidic sediment
D.
evaporitic sediment
E.
calcareous ooze
Question #21
Why can seawater hold many times more carbon dioxide than either nitrogen or oxygen at saturation?
A.
Carbon dioxide is more reactive.
B.
Carbon dioxide is used in mineral formation.
C.
Carbon dioxide is not used in photosynthesis.
D.
Carbon dioxide combines chemically with water to form carbonic acid.
E.
Carbon dioxide is used by plankton for energy
Question #22
An air mass pausing above a warm ocean surface will have what characteristics?
A.
Warm, humid air with zones of low pressure
B.
Cold, dry air with zones of high pressure
C.
Warm, dry air with zones of high pressure
D.
Warm, humid air with zones of high pressure
E.
Cold, dry air with zones of low pressure
Question #23
What is true about the Coriolis effect?
A.
It causes Northern Hemisphere surface currents to flow to the left of the wind direction.
B.
It is strongest near the equator.
C.
It causes cold-core eddies in the Northern Hemisphere to rotate clockwise.
D.
It is absent at the equator.
E.
It causes the peak of the "hill" in the center of the gyre to be steeper on the eastern side.
Question #24
How fast does a wave with wavelength of 20 meters and period of 20 seconds travel?
A.
There is not enough information to tell
B.
400 meters per second
C.
20 meters per second
D.
10 meters per second
E.
1 meter per second
Question #25
What type of tidal patterns exists on the west coast of the United States, which receives two high tides and two low tides of varying heights per day?
A.
semidiurnal mixed tides
B.
spring tides
C.
diurnal tides
D.
semidiurnal tides
E.
neap tides
Question #26
Which of the following is a ring-shaped island of coral?
A.
Drumlin
B.
Fringing reef
C.
Mangrove
D.
Barrier reef
E.
Atoll
Question #27
Which area is most likely to have the most populous and diverse community of organisms?
A.
cobble beaches
B.
deep ocean
C.
intertidal zone
D.
surface of temperate ocean
E.
surface of a polar ocean
Question #28
What is an example of symbiosis?
A.
commensalism
B.
progression
C.
succession
D.
carrying capacity
E.
environmental resistance
Question #29
What is a major product of combustion for all hydrocarbons?
A.
hydrogen
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
nitrous oxide
D.
nitrogen
E.
oxygen
Question #30
Petroleum most likely formed from which organic substrate?
A.
Fossilized fish
B.
Sea grasses
C.
Whale falls
D.
Planktonic organisms and bacteria
E.
Water column debris
Question #31
During an ice age, sea level would have been relatively lower than it is today.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #32
Lines of latitude are parallel to one another.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #33
The average salinity of the world’s ocean in about 3.5%
A.
True
B.
False
Question #34
Land has a greater heat capacity than water.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #35
In one hour, the Earth rotates through 15 degrees.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #36
An eastern boundary current is slower and colder than a western boundary current.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #37
The construction of jetties, groins or breakwaters interrupts the longshore current.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #38
The seafloor is oldest at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #39
El Nino events occur roughly every 4 to 7 years due to a reversal of Pacific trade winds.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #40
Only 10% of the energy is passed along from one trophic level to the next.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #41
Which condition is necessary for a planet to have a permanent liquid ocean?
A.
Optimum distance from a star
B.
Few moons
C.
Toxic atmosphere
D.
Low gravity
E.
Perfectly spherical orbit
Question #42
A.
It will grow thicker
B.
It will spread out
C.
It will subside
D.
It will stay the same
E.
It will be uplifted
Question #43
Where on the seafloor would you expect to find the thickest piles of sediment?
A.
Along the continental margin
B.
In a submarine canyon
C.
Around hot spot volcanoes
D.
At a mid-ocean ridge
E.
In a deep ocean trench
Question #44
Active margins are also referred to as
A.
Pacific-type margins
B.
Spreading centers
C.
Fracture zones
D.
Atlantic-type margins
E.
Hot spots
Question #45
What describes the theoretical direction of Ekman transport in the Southern Hemisphere?
A.
In the same direction as the wind
B.
45° to the right of wind direction
C.
90° to the right of wind direction
D.
90° to the left of wind direction
E.
45° to the left of wind direction
Question #46
What is true of density, salinity, and temperature?
A.
Only one combination of temperature and salinity can yield a given density.
B.
Both temperature and salinity decrease with depth.
C.
Water masses of the same density will not combine.
D.
Many combinations of temperature and salinity can yield the same density.
E.
Density of water tends to decrease with depth.
Question #47
What property of water is responsible for the amount of time it takes for water to reach the boiling point?
A.
adhesion
B.
capillary rise
C.
density
D.
surface tension
E.
heat capacity
Question #48
Ice is effective at cooling drinks because of the ____.
A.
sensible heat loss of water
B.
heat capacity of water
C.
latent heat of vaporization
D.
diffusion of heat energy
E.
latent heat of fusion
Question #49
During a change in state of water, which is true?
A.
As heat is applied, temperature increases (or as heat is removed, temperature decreases).
B.
As temperature increases, density stays the same.
C.
As heat is removed, density stays the same.
D.
As temperature increases, heat stays the same.
E.
As heat is applied (or removed), temperature stays the same.
Question #50
The concentration of ____ increases with depth, causing an increase in ocean acidity and influencing the calcite compensation depth.
A.
oxygen
B.
my mind
C.
nitrogen
D.
carbon dioxide
E.
ammonia
Question #51
A.
temperate regions
B.
polar regions
C.
equatorial regions
D.
mid-latitudes
E.
tropical regions
Question #52
The solar heating of Earth varies with ____ and ____.
A.
seasons; latitude
B.
winds; reflection
C.
winds; convection
D.
seasons; longitude
E.
longitude; latitude
Question #53
What type of water mass dissolves a higher concentration of gases?
A.
subtropical water masses
B.
equatorial water masses
C.
temperate water masses
D.
tropical water masses
E.
polar water masses
Question #54
What causes a decrease in oxygen levels beyond the sunlit layer?
A.
The respiration of marine animals and bacteria
B.
Mineral precipitation
C.
Decreased saturation because of cooler water
D.
The by-products of photosynthesis
E.
There are fewer animals present
Question #55
Why is humid air less dense than dry air?
A.
Molecules of water vapor have less mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.
B.
Molecules of water vapor have more mass than the displaced nitrogen and oxygen.
C.
Molecular movement of water vapor occupies more space than dry air.
D.
Molecular movement of water vapor occupies less space than dry air.
E.
Water vapor molecules are more compressed than dry air molecules.
Question #56
What changes are caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the Pacific Ocean?
A.
Trade winds blow from west to east.
B.
High pressure builds in the eastern Pacific.
C.
Equatorial currents move faster.
D.
Low pressure builds in the western Pacific.
E.
Trade winds blow from east to west.
Question #57
Which is an example of coastal upwelling affecting weather onshore?
A.
Dry, cold air is transported from the north, inducing drought conditions.
B.
Southerly winds bring warm temperatures and dry weather.
C.
Cold water is brought to the surface that chills the air above, inducing cool, wet weather.
D.
Cold water is transported away from the shore causing abnormally high temperatures.
E.
A warm-water pool accumulates and warm moist air rises, inducing rainfall.
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