Amind 440 - American Indian History. » Spring 2022 » Midterm Exam

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Question #1
What is the Maya civilization well-known for?
A.   The Great Cultivators of Corn and the creation of the Rubber Ball Game
B.   Intricate road systems
C.   Impressive architecture and bridges
D.   Remarkably large, carved stone heads
Question #2
What does Winona LaDuke discuss in the TedTalk "Seeds of Our Ancestors"?
A.   Taro or "kalo" and the Hawaiians' cosmogeneology
B.   All of these are true.
C.   the cultural significance of certain crops to Indigenous peoples around the world
D.   her people's efforts to regenerate native crops and resist genetic modification
Question #3
What 4 major events/societal changes aided in the establishment of the "Culture of Conquest"?
A.   The Crusades, conquest against European commoners (commoner displacement), land as private property, European royalty competition to expand overseas
B.   Land as private property, The Pequot War, King Phillip's War, French and Indian War
C.   European royalty competition to expand overseas, land as private property, the arrival of the Mayflower and the Pilgrims, the Pequot War
D.   Conquest against European commoners (commoner displacement), European royalty competition to expand overseas, land as private property, The Pequot War
Question #4
What does Thomas Jefferson discuss in his excerpt called "Notes on the State of Virginia"?
A.   he dismisses misrepresentations of Indigenous peoples in the Americas to the American settlers of the state of Virginia, compares Indigenous peoples to white settlers and white society, and ultimately explains how Indigenous peoples are unequal and cannot become "civilized" under different circumstances
B.   he dismisses misrepresentations of Indigenous peoples in the Americas to his European (specifically French) intended audience, compares Indigenous peoples to white settlers and white society, and ultimately explains how Indigenous peoples are equal and can become "civilized" under different circumstances
Question #5
Examine the following excerpt, then determine the name of the text and name of the author: "My friends: I have long viewed your condition with great interest. For many years I have been acquainted with your people, and under all variety of circumstances, in peace and war. Your fathers were well known to me, and the regard which I cherished for them has caused me great solicitude for your situation. To these feelings, growing out of former recollections, have been added the sanction of official duty, and the relation in which, by the Constitution and laws, I am placed towards you. Listen to me, therefore, as your fathers have listened, while I communicate to you my sentiments on the critical state of your affairs."
A.   Andrew Jackson's "Letter to the Cherokee Tribe"
B.   Andrew Jackson's "Second Annual Address"
C.   Renee Jacobs's "Iroquois Great Law of Peace and the United States Constitution"
D.   Thomas Jefferson's "On the Notes of the State of Virginia"
Question #6
What were some major steps in the implementation of "Indian Removal"?
A.   Andrew Jackson enforced Indian Removal in 1830, and encouraged settlers to encroach on Indigenous lands
B.   Jefferson decided that the settlers couldn't peacefully coexist with Indigenous peoples and the Indigenous peoples were resisting the civilization projects -- Jefferson became an architect in the plans for Indian Removal
C.   All of these are true.
D.   Andrew Jackson made Indian Removal from the Southeastern part of the United States a personal priority, as stated in his presidential inaugural address -- stakes became higher after gold discovered in Georgia on Cherokee territory
Question #7
Why did we begin our course by investigating the controversies surrounding the Bering Strait Theory?
A.   To practice applying "historical thinking" as we approach our course subject matter and our required texts
B.   To understand how history is shaped, and to understand how it is challenged frequently
C.   All of these are true.
D.   To understand how history is often determined by power, and to understand why it's important to engage multiple perspectives
Question #8
According to our textbook chapter "Culture of Conquest," how was early colonization justified?
A.   Desire for religious freedom and an opportunity to start anew
B.   In the name of religion (carrying the cross) and White supremacy (belief in cleanliness of blood)
C.   White supremacy (belief in cleanliness of blood) and desire for freedom from religious persecution
D.   In the name of religion (carrying the cross) and Manifest Destiny
Question #9
What does "historical thinking" mean, and what is an example of ways we've practiced historical thinking in our course materials?
A.   Definition: thinking and learning about history as fixed and linear from one perspective Example: learning about "colonization" and "decolonization"
B.   Definition: thinking critically about history instead of memorizing facts; engaging with multiple perspectives; observing how history is created and by whom; understanding that interpretations of history changes over time Example: learning about "decolonization" and "firsting and lasting"
C.   Definition: thinking and learning about history as fixed and linear from one perspective Example: learning about Christopher Columbus and Andrew Jackson
D.   Definition: thinking critically about history instead of memorizing facts; engaging with multiple perspectives; observing how history is created and by whom; understanding that interpretations of history changes over time Example: using the "Danger of a Single Story" as a lens to approach our subject matter as well as our investigations of the Bering Strait Theory controversy
Question #10
Why might it be important to learn about the Pilgrims and Puritans and the early settler wars in the "Bloody Footprints" chapter?
A.   All of these are true. 
B.   It complicates the single story of Puritans as peaceful and coexisting with Indian tribes, and it also shows the complex relationships between and amongst tribes.
C.   It confirms the historical depiction of Puritans peacefully coexisting with Indian tribes as true.
D.   It confirms the hardships that early settlers endured upon arrival to the present-day United States.
Question #11
According to our textbook, what was the goal of overseas expansion by European powers?
A.   to start anew; a fresh start
B.   for religious freedom; an escape from persecution in their home countries
C.   to obtain more land, resources, and labor sources
D.   All of these are true.
Question #12
According to the textbook chapter "Bloody Footprints", where does the term "redsk*n" come from?
A.   From a time when Native Americans referred to themselves as Redskins in conversations and letters corresponding with settlers.
B.   When the Washington Redsk*ns football team was created.
C.   From a time when early settlers scalped and collected Native American heads for bounties in attempt to "clear" indigenous lands for settlement.
D.   From a time when Native Americans scalped European settlers to protect their lands from begin taken.
Question #13
What does the "Doctrine of Discovery" mean?
A.   large-scale population movements; the action or process of establishing colonies and establishing control over already inhabited lands
B.   the undoing or reversal of colonialism; the action or process of a state withdrawing from a former colony.
C.   All of these are corect.
D.   a government asserting the right to appropriate and de-legitimize long-established autonomous indigenous peoples' governments based on Christendom.
Question #14
According to our textbook, when did the "Culture of Conquest" begin?
A.   When the first 2 permanent colonies were established in the present-day United States.
B.   When Europeans began crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
C.   When Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492.
D.   When Europeans conducted Crusades to conquer North Africa and the Middle East.
Question #15
Why did Thomas Jefferson eventually advocate for Indian Removal to lands west of the Mississippi?
A.   Jefferson actually did not advocate for Indian Removal; he argued that Native Americans could remain on their homelands, separate from Euro-American settlements, and become "civilized" at their "own pace."
B.   After much resistance to "Civilization" attempts, Jefferson consulted with tribes, and they all decided that moving away from settlers would be ideal as it would ultimately resolve conflicts between the groups and would allow for tribes to live freely and maintain traditions.
C.   After tribes resisted to Native American "Civilization" attempts, Jefferson decided the only solution would be to physically remove Native Americans from lands in the southeast, away from the "harm" of settlers and to free up lands for settlers, and so that Native Americans could become "civilized' at their "own pace."
D.   Jefferson actually did not advocate for Indian Removal; he believed that Native Americans were equal to Euro-Americans, and the two groups could co-exist if Native Americans could assimilate into dominant society.

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