Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Summer 2019 » Exam # 1
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Question #1
Unlike today's atmosphere, Earth's early atmosphere lacked free oxygen.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
The total amount of fresh water on Earth makes up only about 2.5% of all the water near the surface of the planet.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #3
Seismic waves provide evidence of Earth's interior layers.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #4
Magma typically rises to the surface at divergent plate boundaries.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
Oceanic crust is both thinner and denser than continental lithosphere.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
The western coast of South America is an example of a passive margin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
Biological sediments are the most abundant sediments in total volume in the ocean due to the high productivity of organisms along the continental shelf.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
Manganese nodules can grow to exceed 1 meter in diameter within about 100 years.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Longitudinal coordinates must always specify a position north or south of the equator.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #10
Longitude can be found using a protractor and the north polar star.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #11
If there is a three hour difference between "clock" noon and "shaft" noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin?
A.
15°
B.
90°
C.
30°
D.
45°
E.
180°
Question #12
If someone tells you that they are at 90° latitude, then you know they must be:
A.
opposite the Prime Meridian
B.
there is not enough information to tell for sure
C.
at one of the poles
D.
at the International Date Line
E.
in the Arctic Ocean
Question #13
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?
A.
coarse sand
B.
silt
C.
fine sand
D.
clay
E.
coarse silt
Question #14
What occurs below the calcium carbonate compensation depth?
A.
Seawater becomes less acidic.
B.
The rate of calcareous sediment accumulation is greater than the rate of dissolution.
C.
Calcareous oozes start to form
D.
Calcium carbonate begins to precipitate into a solid.
E.
Calcium carbonate begins to dissolve.
Question #15
A sound pulse released from an echo sounder returns to the ship in 6.8 seconds. Assuming the speed of sound in ocean water is 4800 ft/sec, how many feet deep is the ocean at this location?
A.
16,320
B.
There is not enough information to tell
C.
353
D.
32,640
E.
706
Question #16
How is the surface water above a deep trench in the ocean floor distorted as a result of the trench?
A.
Sideways distortion
B.
No distortion
C.
Upward distortion
D.
Downward distortion
Question #17
Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?
A.
Centrifugal force
B.
Density stratification
C.
Tectonic theory
D.
Seismic theory
E.
Continental drift
Question #18
Secondary waves (S-waves) are able to pass through which layer of Earth?
A.
Crust only
B.
Mantle and liquid outer core
C.
Crust and mantle
D.
Mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core
E.
Liquid outer core and solid inner core
Question #19
Deep earthquakes typically occur at _____________.
A.
subduction zones
B.
transform plate boundaries
C.
fracture zones
D.
spreading centers
E.
mid-ocean ridges
Question #20
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Rise
B.
Sink
C.
Subduct
D.
Stay the same
E.
Spread out
Question #21
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from ____.
A.
other planets
B.
solar wind
C.
volcanic activity and other planets
D.
the sun
E.
volcanic activity and comets
Question #22
Which condition of early Earth would be necessary to allow the process of biosynthesis?
A.
aerobic conditions
B.
ozone in the upper atmosphere
C.
oxygen-depleted atmosphere
D.
extreme high temperatures
E.
oxygen in the atmosphere
Question #23
Which of the following is NOT evidence of the oxygen revolution?
A.
Banded iron formation
B.
Composition of volcanic gases
C.
Fossil stromatolites
D.
Evolution of respiring organisms
E.
Reduction in UV radiation reaching Earth's surface
Question #24
Within Earth's mantle, convection cells move lithospheric plates toward ____ and away from ____.
A.
spreading centers; subduction zones
B.
spreading centers; hot spots
C.
subduction zones; continental crust
D.
hot spots; spreading centers
E.
subduction zones; spreading centers
Question #25
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Subduction
B.
Spreading center
C.
Convergent
D.
Divergent
E.
Transform
Question #26
Which geological processes explains why the ocean floors are so young?
A.
erosion
B.
subduction
C.
transform faulting
D.
rift formation
E.
mountain formation
Question #27
What is the most likely rock to be found in a drill core of a continental margin?
A.
Basalt
B.
Shell
C.
Alluvial rock
D.
Granite
E.
Carbonate
Question #28
You collect a sediment core from a continental rise that shows successive graded beds deposited one on top of another. Each graded bed has coarse material deposited below finer material. This is evidence of:
A.
seasonal production of biogenous ooze
B.
subduction
C.
turbidity current deposits
D.
There is not enough information to tell.
E.
sea level change
Question #29
Hydrothermal vents typically form chimneys of _____.
A.
carbonate
B.
basaltic rock
C.
granitic rock
D.
mineral deposits
E.
sediments
Question #30
What type of geologic feature is formed at the intersection of two converging continental plates?
A.
Volcanoes
B.
Subduction zones
C.
Rifts
D.
Mountains
E.
Spreading centers
Question #31
What is a typical characteristic of passive continental margins?
A.
broad continental shelf
B.
volcanic activity
C.
trenches
D.
coincides with plate boundary
E.
narrow continental shelf
Question #32
What marks the true division between the continental margin and deep ocean basin?
A.
trenches
B.
abyssal fan
C.
coastline
D.
granite-to-basalt transition
E.
shelf break
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