Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Summer 2019 » Exam # 1
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Question #1
Unlike today's atmosphere, Earth's early atmosphere lacked free oxygen.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
The total amount of fresh water on Earth makes up only about 2.5% of all the water near the surface of the planet.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #3
Seismic waves provide evidence of Earth's interior layers.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
Magma typically rises to the surface at divergent plate boundaries.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
Oceanic crust is both thinner and denser than continental lithosphere.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
The western coast of South America is an example of a passive margin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
Biological sediments are the most abundant sediments in total volume in the ocean due to the high productivity of organisms along the continental shelf.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
Manganese nodules can grow to exceed 1 meter in diameter within about 100 years.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Longitudinal coordinates must always specify a position north or south of the equator.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
Longitude can be found using a protractor and the north polar star.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #11
If there is a three hour difference between "clock" noon and "shaft" noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin?
A.
180°
B.
90°
C.
15°
D.
30°
E.
45°
Question #12
If someone tells you that they are at 90° latitude, then you know they must be:
A.
in the Arctic Ocean
B.
opposite the Prime Meridian
C.
at one of the poles
D.
at the International Date Line
E.
there is not enough information to tell for sure
Question #13
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?
A.
fine sand
B.
coarse sand
C.
clay
D.
silt
E.
coarse silt
Question #14
What occurs below the calcium carbonate compensation depth?
A.
Calcium carbonate begins to precipitate into a solid.
B.
Calcium carbonate begins to dissolve.
C.
Seawater becomes less acidic.
D.
Calcareous oozes start to form
E.
The rate of calcareous sediment accumulation is greater than the rate of dissolution.
Question #15
A sound pulse released from an echo sounder returns to the ship in 6.8 seconds. Assuming the speed of sound in ocean water is 4800 ft/sec, how many feet deep is the ocean at this location?
A.
32,640
B.
706
C.
353
D.
There is not enough information to tell
E.
16,320
Question #16
How is the surface water above a deep trench in the ocean floor distorted as a result of the trench?
A.
No distortion
B.
Sideways distortion
C.
Upward distortion
D.
Downward distortion
Question #17
Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?
A.
Continental drift
B.
Density stratification
C.
Tectonic theory
D.
Seismic theory
E.
Centrifugal force
Question #18
Secondary waves (S-waves) are able to pass through which layer of Earth?
A.
Mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core
B.
Mantle and liquid outer core
C.
Liquid outer core and solid inner core
D.
Crust only
E.
Crust and mantle
Question #19
Deep earthquakes typically occur at _____________.
A.
spreading centers
B.
transform plate boundaries
C.
subduction zones
D.
fracture zones
E.
mid-ocean ridges
Question #20
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Subduct
B.
Stay the same
C.
Rise
D.
Spread out
E.
Sink
Question #21
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from ____.
A.
volcanic activity and other planets
B.
the sun
C.
volcanic activity and comets
D.
other planets
E.
solar wind
Question #22
Which condition of early Earth would be necessary to allow the process of biosynthesis?
A.
oxygen in the atmosphere
B.
aerobic conditions
C.
oxygen-depleted atmosphere
D.
extreme high temperatures
E.
ozone in the upper atmosphere
Question #23
Which of the following is NOT evidence of the oxygen revolution?
A.
Fossil stromatolites
B.
Evolution of respiring organisms
C.
Banded iron formation
D.
Reduction in UV radiation reaching Earth's surface
E.
Composition of volcanic gases
Question #24
Within Earth's mantle, convection cells move lithospheric plates toward ____ and away from ____.
A.
subduction zones; continental crust
B.
spreading centers; subduction zones
C.
spreading centers; hot spots
D.
subduction zones; spreading centers
E.
hot spots; spreading centers
Question #25
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Convergent
B.
Divergent
C.
Spreading center
D.
Subduction
E.
Transform
Question #26
Which geological processes explains why the ocean floors are so young?
A.
erosion
B.
transform faulting
C.
rift formation
D.
subduction
E.
mountain formation
Question #27
What is the most likely rock to be found in a drill core of a continental margin?
A.
Basalt
B.
Carbonate
C.
Shell
D.
Granite
E.
Alluvial rock
Question #28
You collect a sediment core from a continental rise that shows successive graded beds deposited one on top of another. Each graded bed has coarse material deposited below finer material. This is evidence of:
A.
There is not enough information to tell.
B.
subduction
C.
turbidity current deposits
D.
sea level change
E.
seasonal production of biogenous ooze
Question #29
Hydrothermal vents typically form chimneys of _____.
A.
granitic rock
B.
mineral deposits
C.
sediments
D.
basaltic rock
E.
carbonate
Question #30
What type of geologic feature is formed at the intersection of two converging continental plates?
A.
Rifts
B.
Subduction zones
C.
Mountains
D.
Spreading centers
E.
Volcanoes
Question #31
What is a typical characteristic of passive continental margins?
A.
broad continental shelf
B.
volcanic activity
C.
narrow continental shelf
D.
trenches
E.
coincides with plate boundary
Question #32
What marks the true division between the continental margin and deep ocean basin?
A.
coastline
B.
abyssal fan
C.
trenches
D.
shelf break
E.
granite-to-basalt transition
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