Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Summer 2019 » Exam # 1
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Question #1
Unlike today's atmosphere, Earth's early atmosphere lacked free oxygen.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #2
The total amount of fresh water on Earth makes up only about 2.5% of all the water near the surface of the planet.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #3
Seismic waves provide evidence of Earth's interior layers.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #4
Magma typically rises to the surface at divergent plate boundaries.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
Oceanic crust is both thinner and denser than continental lithosphere.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
The western coast of South America is an example of a passive margin.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
Biological sediments are the most abundant sediments in total volume in the ocean due to the high productivity of organisms along the continental shelf.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #8
Manganese nodules can grow to exceed 1 meter in diameter within about 100 years.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Longitudinal coordinates must always specify a position north or south of the equator.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
Longitude can be found using a protractor and the north polar star.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #11
If there is a three hour difference between "clock" noon and "shaft" noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin?
A.
90°
B.
180°
C.
30°
D.
15°
E.
45°
Question #12
If someone tells you that they are at 90° latitude, then you know they must be:
A.
opposite the Prime Meridian
B.
at the International Date Line
C.
in the Arctic Ocean
D.
at one of the poles
E.
there is not enough information to tell for sure
Question #13
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?
A.
coarse sand
B.
silt
C.
clay
D.
coarse silt
E.
fine sand
Question #14
What occurs below the calcium carbonate compensation depth?
A.
Calcium carbonate begins to precipitate into a solid.
B.
The rate of calcareous sediment accumulation is greater than the rate of dissolution.
C.
Calcium carbonate begins to dissolve.
D.
Seawater becomes less acidic.
E.
Calcareous oozes start to form
Question #15
A sound pulse released from an echo sounder returns to the ship in 6.8 seconds. Assuming the speed of sound in ocean water is 4800 ft/sec, how many feet deep is the ocean at this location?
A.
There is not enough information to tell
B.
353
C.
706
D.
16,320
E.
32,640
Question #16
How is the surface water above a deep trench in the ocean floor distorted as a result of the trench?
A.
Sideways distortion
B.
No distortion
C.
Downward distortion
D.
Upward distortion
Question #17
Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?
A.
Continental drift
B.
Tectonic theory
C.
Seismic theory
D.
Density stratification
E.
Centrifugal force
Question #18
Secondary waves (S-waves) are able to pass through which layer of Earth?
A.
Liquid outer core and solid inner core
B.
Crust and mantle
C.
Mantle and liquid outer core
D.
Crust only
E.
Mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core
Question #19
Deep earthquakes typically occur at _____________.
A.
fracture zones
B.
transform plate boundaries
C.
mid-ocean ridges
D.
subduction zones
E.
spreading centers
Question #20
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Rise
B.
Stay the same
C.
Sink
D.
Subduct
E.
Spread out
Question #21
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from ____.
A.
volcanic activity and other planets
B.
the sun
C.
other planets
D.
volcanic activity and comets
E.
solar wind
Question #22
Which condition of early Earth would be necessary to allow the process of biosynthesis?
A.
aerobic conditions
B.
oxygen-depleted atmosphere
C.
ozone in the upper atmosphere
D.
oxygen in the atmosphere
E.
extreme high temperatures
Question #23
Which of the following is NOT evidence of the oxygen revolution?
A.
Reduction in UV radiation reaching Earth's surface
B.
Evolution of respiring organisms
C.
Banded iron formation
D.
Fossil stromatolites
E.
Composition of volcanic gases
Question #24
Within Earth's mantle, convection cells move lithospheric plates toward ____ and away from ____.
A.
hot spots; spreading centers
B.
subduction zones; continental crust
C.
spreading centers; hot spots
D.
spreading centers; subduction zones
E.
subduction zones; spreading centers
Question #25
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Divergent
B.
Transform
C.
Convergent
D.
Subduction
E.
Spreading center
Question #26
Which geological processes explains why the ocean floors are so young?
A.
transform faulting
B.
rift formation
C.
subduction
D.
erosion
E.
mountain formation
Question #27
What is the most likely rock to be found in a drill core of a continental margin?
A.
Granite
B.
Carbonate
C.
Shell
D.
Alluvial rock
E.
Basalt
Question #28
You collect a sediment core from a continental rise that shows successive graded beds deposited one on top of another. Each graded bed has coarse material deposited below finer material. This is evidence of:
A.
turbidity current deposits
B.
seasonal production of biogenous ooze
C.
subduction
D.
sea level change
E.
There is not enough information to tell.
Question #29
Hydrothermal vents typically form chimneys of _____.
A.
granitic rock
B.
carbonate
C.
mineral deposits
D.
basaltic rock
E.
sediments
Question #30
What type of geologic feature is formed at the intersection of two converging continental plates?
A.
Mountains
B.
Rifts
C.
Volcanoes
D.
Spreading centers
E.
Subduction zones
Question #31
What is a typical characteristic of passive continental margins?
A.
volcanic activity
B.
narrow continental shelf
C.
broad continental shelf
D.
coincides with plate boundary
E.
trenches
Question #32
What marks the true division between the continental margin and deep ocean basin?
A.
shelf break
B.
granite-to-basalt transition
C.
coastline
D.
abyssal fan
E.
trenches
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