Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Summer 2019 » Exam # 1
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Question #1
Unlike today's atmosphere, Earth's early atmosphere lacked free oxygen.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
The total amount of fresh water on Earth makes up only about 2.5% of all the water near the surface of the planet.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #3
Seismic waves provide evidence of Earth's interior layers.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
Magma typically rises to the surface at divergent plate boundaries.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
Oceanic crust is both thinner and denser than continental lithosphere.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
The western coast of South America is an example of a passive margin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #7
Biological sediments are the most abundant sediments in total volume in the ocean due to the high productivity of organisms along the continental shelf.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #8
Manganese nodules can grow to exceed 1 meter in diameter within about 100 years.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Longitudinal coordinates must always specify a position north or south of the equator.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #10
Longitude can be found using a protractor and the north polar star.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #11
If there is a three hour difference between "clock" noon and "shaft" noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin?
A.
90°
B.
15°
C.
180°
D.
30°
E.
45°
Question #12
If someone tells you that they are at 90° latitude, then you know they must be:
A.
in the Arctic Ocean
B.
at one of the poles
C.
at the International Date Line
D.
there is not enough information to tell for sure
E.
opposite the Prime Meridian
Question #13
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?
A.
clay
B.
silt
C.
fine sand
D.
coarse sand
E.
coarse silt
Question #14
What occurs below the calcium carbonate compensation depth?
A.
The rate of calcareous sediment accumulation is greater than the rate of dissolution.
B.
Calcium carbonate begins to dissolve.
C.
Calcium carbonate begins to precipitate into a solid.
D.
Seawater becomes less acidic.
E.
Calcareous oozes start to form
Question #15
A sound pulse released from an echo sounder returns to the ship in 6.8 seconds. Assuming the speed of sound in ocean water is 4800 ft/sec, how many feet deep is the ocean at this location?
A.
353
B.
There is not enough information to tell
C.
706
D.
16,320
E.
32,640
Question #16
How is the surface water above a deep trench in the ocean floor distorted as a result of the trench?
A.
No distortion
B.
Upward distortion
C.
Sideways distortion
D.
Downward distortion
Question #17
Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?
A.
Density stratification
B.
Continental drift
C.
Centrifugal force
D.
Tectonic theory
E.
Seismic theory
Question #18
Secondary waves (S-waves) are able to pass through which layer of Earth?
A.
Crust and mantle
B.
Liquid outer core and solid inner core
C.
Mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core
D.
Mantle and liquid outer core
E.
Crust only
Question #19
Deep earthquakes typically occur at _____________.
A.
fracture zones
B.
subduction zones
C.
mid-ocean ridges
D.
spreading centers
E.
transform plate boundaries
Question #20
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Rise
B.
Spread out
C.
Sink
D.
Stay the same
E.
Subduct
Question #21
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from ____.
A.
the sun
B.
other planets
C.
solar wind
D.
volcanic activity and other planets
E.
volcanic activity and comets
Question #22
Which condition of early Earth would be necessary to allow the process of biosynthesis?
A.
ozone in the upper atmosphere
B.
oxygen in the atmosphere
C.
aerobic conditions
D.
oxygen-depleted atmosphere
E.
extreme high temperatures
Question #23
Which of the following is NOT evidence of the oxygen revolution?
A.
Fossil stromatolites
B.
Reduction in UV radiation reaching Earth's surface
C.
Banded iron formation
D.
Composition of volcanic gases
E.
Evolution of respiring organisms
Question #24
Within Earth's mantle, convection cells move lithospheric plates toward ____ and away from ____.
A.
subduction zones; continental crust
B.
spreading centers; subduction zones
C.
spreading centers; hot spots
D.
subduction zones; spreading centers
E.
hot spots; spreading centers
Question #25
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Convergent
B.
Subduction
C.
Spreading center
D.
Divergent
E.
Transform
Question #26
Which geological processes explains why the ocean floors are so young?
A.
rift formation
B.
subduction
C.
erosion
D.
mountain formation
E.
transform faulting
Question #27
What is the most likely rock to be found in a drill core of a continental margin?
A.
Shell
B.
Granite
C.
Alluvial rock
D.
Carbonate
E.
Basalt
Question #28
You collect a sediment core from a continental rise that shows successive graded beds deposited one on top of another. Each graded bed has coarse material deposited below finer material. This is evidence of:
A.
turbidity current deposits
B.
There is not enough information to tell.
C.
seasonal production of biogenous ooze
D.
subduction
E.
sea level change
Question #29
Hydrothermal vents typically form chimneys of _____.
A.
carbonate
B.
mineral deposits
C.
basaltic rock
D.
granitic rock
E.
sediments
Question #30
What type of geologic feature is formed at the intersection of two converging continental plates?
A.
Spreading centers
B.
Mountains
C.
Rifts
D.
Subduction zones
E.
Volcanoes
Question #31
What is a typical characteristic of passive continental margins?
A.
coincides with plate boundary
B.
narrow continental shelf
C.
trenches
D.
broad continental shelf
E.
volcanic activity
Question #32
What marks the true division between the continental margin and deep ocean basin?
A.
granite-to-basalt transition
B.
trenches
C.
coastline
D.
abyssal fan
E.
shelf break
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