Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Summer 2019 » Exam # 1
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Question #1
Unlike today's atmosphere, Earth's early atmosphere lacked free oxygen.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #2
The total amount of fresh water on Earth makes up only about 2.5% of all the water near the surface of the planet.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #3
Seismic waves provide evidence of Earth's interior layers.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
Magma typically rises to the surface at divergent plate boundaries.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
Oceanic crust is both thinner and denser than continental lithosphere.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
The western coast of South America is an example of a passive margin.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #7
Biological sediments are the most abundant sediments in total volume in the ocean due to the high productivity of organisms along the continental shelf.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
Manganese nodules can grow to exceed 1 meter in diameter within about 100 years.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Longitudinal coordinates must always specify a position north or south of the equator.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #10
Longitude can be found using a protractor and the north polar star.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #11
If there is a three hour difference between "clock" noon and "shaft" noon, how many degrees west are you from your point of origin?
A.
90°
B.
180°
C.
45°
D.
15°
E.
30°
Question #12
If someone tells you that they are at 90° latitude, then you know they must be:
A.
at the International Date Line
B.
there is not enough information to tell for sure
C.
opposite the Prime Meridian
D.
in the Arctic Ocean
E.
at one of the poles
Question #13
Which particle size has the fastest settling velocity in still water?
A.
coarse silt
B.
silt
C.
clay
D.
fine sand
E.
coarse sand
Question #14
What occurs below the calcium carbonate compensation depth?
A.
The rate of calcareous sediment accumulation is greater than the rate of dissolution.
B.
Seawater becomes less acidic.
C.
Calcium carbonate begins to dissolve.
D.
Calcareous oozes start to form
E.
Calcium carbonate begins to precipitate into a solid.
Question #15
A sound pulse released from an echo sounder returns to the ship in 6.8 seconds. Assuming the speed of sound in ocean water is 4800 ft/sec, how many feet deep is the ocean at this location?
A.
There is not enough information to tell
B.
353
C.
706
D.
32,640
E.
16,320
Question #16
How is the surface water above a deep trench in the ocean floor distorted as a result of the trench?
A.
Sideways distortion
B.
Upward distortion
C.
Downward distortion
D.
No distortion
Question #17
Which concept describes early Earth as separated into layers by gravity, with each deeper layer denser than the layer above?
A.
Tectonic theory
B.
Seismic theory
C.
Continental drift
D.
Centrifugal force
E.
Density stratification
Question #18
Secondary waves (S-waves) are able to pass through which layer of Earth?
A.
Mantle and liquid outer core
B.
Mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core
C.
Crust and mantle
D.
Crust only
E.
Liquid outer core and solid inner core
Question #19
Deep earthquakes typically occur at _____________.
A.
mid-ocean ridges
B.
fracture zones
C.
spreading centers
D.
subduction zones
E.
transform plate boundaries
Question #20
As mountains erode, how will isostatic forces cause Earth's crust beneath the mountain to behave?
A.
Spread out
B.
Stay the same
C.
Sink
D.
Rise
E.
Subduct
Question #21
The water for Earth’s ocean originated from ____.
A.
volcanic activity and comets
B.
volcanic activity and other planets
C.
other planets
D.
the sun
E.
solar wind
Question #22
Which condition of early Earth would be necessary to allow the process of biosynthesis?
A.
ozone in the upper atmosphere
B.
oxygen-depleted atmosphere
C.
oxygen in the atmosphere
D.
extreme high temperatures
E.
aerobic conditions
Question #23
Which of the following is NOT evidence of the oxygen revolution?
A.
Evolution of respiring organisms
B.
Fossil stromatolites
C.
Reduction in UV radiation reaching Earth's surface
D.
Banded iron formation
E.
Composition of volcanic gases
Question #24
Within Earth's mantle, convection cells move lithospheric plates toward ____ and away from ____.
A.
subduction zones; continental crust
B.
spreading centers; subduction zones
C.
spreading centers; hot spots
D.
subduction zones; spreading centers
E.
hot spots; spreading centers
Question #25
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Spreading center
B.
Convergent
C.
Subduction
D.
Transform
E.
Divergent
Question #26
Which geological processes explains why the ocean floors are so young?
A.
rift formation
B.
transform faulting
C.
mountain formation
D.
erosion
E.
subduction
Question #27
What is the most likely rock to be found in a drill core of a continental margin?
A.
Carbonate
B.
Basalt
C.
Alluvial rock
D.
Shell
E.
Granite
Question #28
You collect a sediment core from a continental rise that shows successive graded beds deposited one on top of another. Each graded bed has coarse material deposited below finer material. This is evidence of:
A.
sea level change
B.
seasonal production of biogenous ooze
C.
There is not enough information to tell.
D.
turbidity current deposits
E.
subduction
Question #29
Hydrothermal vents typically form chimneys of _____.
A.
mineral deposits
B.
granitic rock
C.
basaltic rock
D.
sediments
E.
carbonate
Question #30
What type of geologic feature is formed at the intersection of two converging continental plates?
A.
Subduction zones
B.
Volcanoes
C.
Rifts
D.
Mountains
E.
Spreading centers
Question #31
What is a typical characteristic of passive continental margins?
A.
narrow continental shelf
B.
broad continental shelf
C.
coincides with plate boundary
D.
volcanic activity
E.
trenches
Question #32
What marks the true division between the continental margin and deep ocean basin?
A.
abyssal fan
B.
shelf break
C.
trenches
D.
coastline
E.
granite-to-basalt transition
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