CRJU U101 » Spring 2019 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Actions that violate laws defining which socially harmful behaviors will be subject to the government's power to impose punishments.
A.
mala prohibita
B.
crimes
C.
mala in se
Question #2
A source of crime data from interviews conducted to gather on unreported as well as reported crimes is called:
A.
Bureau of Justice Statistics
B.
the National Crime Victimization Survey
Question #3
_________________ theories postulate that criminal behavior occurs when the bonds that tie and individual to society are broken or weakened.
A.
mala prohibita
B.
mala in se
C.
Control
Question #4
Offenses that are considered wrong by their very nature are traditionally referred to as:
A.
Control
B.
mala prohibita
C.
mala in se
Question #5
Crimes such as gambling or prostitution that are not "wrong in themselves" but are prohibited by government, are known as:
A.
mala prohibita
B.
mala in se
C.
Control
Question #6
These individuals are at highest risk of victimization for violent crime, according to the lifestyle-exposure model?
A.
Latinos
B.
Young, African-American males
C.
Asians
Question #7
Procedures criminal justice professionals must follow in enforcement, adjudication, and corrections are:
A.
procedural criminal law
B.
substantive criminal law
Question #8
The police function of controlling crime by intervening in situations when the law has been violated and the police must apprehend the guilty person.
A.
Order maintenance
B.
Peacekeeping
C.
Service
D.
law enforcement
Question #9
According to public opinion polls, which police function do citizens believe is most important?
A.
Service
B.
Order maintenance
C.
law enforcement
D.
Peacekeeping
Question #10
Which of the following indicates that for a crime to occur there must be an act of commission or omission by the accused?
A.
mala prohibita
B.
mala in se
C.
actus reus
Question #11
If victims wish to recoup their losses following a crime, they must rely on:
A.
property law
B.
civil law
C.
criminal law
Question #12
_______________________ are characterized by a division of labor, a chain of command, and rules to guide the activities of staff.
A.
bureaucracies
B.
felonies
C.
Control
Question #13
Crimes that are committed and that are usually considered serious and are punished by more than a year in state or federal prison.
A.
capital offense
B.
felonies
Question #14
Which court case determined that when officers act in good faith on a warrant, the evidence will not be excluded even if the warrant was issued improperly?
A.
tennessee v. garner(1985)
B.
Delaware v Prouse
C.
United States v Leon (1984)
D.
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
Question #15
Most police work is reactive, which means that police primarily:
A.
apprehending criminals
B.
investigating criminal activities
C.
respond to citizen calls for service
Question #16
In order for a stop to be permissible, officers must have
A.
reasonable suspicion
B.
probable cause
C.
proponderance of evidence
Question #17
Officers who partake in a wide range of practices including abusive language, physical force, and/or violence are guilty of:
A.
Grass Eaters
B.
meat eaters
C.
police brutality
Question #18
Officers who participate in small payoffs such as exchanging money for not writing a ticket are called:
A.
police brutality
B.
meat eaters
C.
Grass Eaters
Question #19
A brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minutes is called a(n):
A.
stop
B.
investigation
C.
arrest
Question #20
Which of the following is not one of the five factors that officers must take into account when exercising discretion?
A.
relationship between criminal/victim
B.
The rank of the responding officer
C.
nature of crime
D.
departmental policy
Question #21
This case ruled that random stops by law enforcement are not constitutional
A.
tennessee v. garner(1985)
B.
United States v Leon (1984)
C.
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
D.
Delaware v Prouse
Question #22
Oftentimes, citizens will form a committee to investigate complaints against the police, which are referred to as:
A.
the civilian review board
B.
Internal Affairs Unit
C.
Commission of Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)
Question #23
Officers who participate in widespread corruption including drug smuggling and money laundering are called
A.
meat eaters
B.
Grass Eaters
C.
police brutality
Question #24
What U.S. Supreme Court case ruled that deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent their escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of serious injury.
A.
United States v Leon (1984)
B.
tennessee v. garner(1985)
C.
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
D.
Delaware v Prouse
Question #25
A branch of a police department that receives and investigates complaints alleging violation of rules and policies on the part of officers.
A.
Internal Affairs Unit
B.
Commission of Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)
C.
the civilian review board
Question #26
Nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives' associations to develop standards for police policies and practice; on request' will review police agencies and award accreditation upon meeting those standards.
A.
Internal Affairs Unit
B.
the civilian review board
C.
Commission of Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA)
Question #27
Which of the following must police officers seeking a warrant present to a judge?
A.
affidavit
B.
mala prohibita
C.
actus reus
D.
mala in se
Question #28
This type of search allows officers to conduct a permissible warrantless search of a person, vehicle, home, or location after receiving permission from the person in question.
A.
consent
B.
Plain View
C.
Hot Pursuit
D.
Search Incident to Arrest
E.
Exigent Circumstances
Question #29
Police officers assigned for duty in schools to assist in order maintenance while also developing positive relationships with students that may assist in delinquency prevention are known as what type of officers:
A.
law enforcement
B.
SRO (school resource officer)
C.
Investigation
D.
Community Work
Question #30
A significant deprivation of liberty, involving taking a person into custody, transporting them to a police station or jail, and processing them into the criminal justice system, is called a(n):
A.
investigation
B.
arrest
C.
stop
Question #31
When there is an immediate threat to public safety or the risk that evidence will be destroyed , officers may search, arrest, or question suspects without obtaining a warrant.
A.
Plain View
B.
Search Incident to Arrest
C.
consent
D.
Hot Pursuit
E.
Exigent Circumstances
Question #32
The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:
A.
clearance rate
B.
victim rate
C.
crime rate
Question #33
The approach to policing that involves assigning priorities to various calls for service is known as:
A.
Grass Eaters
B.
differential response
C.
police brutality
D.
clearance rate
Question #34
Which of the following is a vice offense?
A.
Battery
B.
Prostitution
C.
Suicide
Question #35
According to this rule, a suspect who, during a frisk, which is not justified by proper observation and reasonable suspicion, is found to be carrying drugs or weapons can seek to have the evidence excluded.
A.
exclusionary rule
B.
clearance rate
C.
actus reus
D.
mala prohibita
Question #36
Minor offenses that are typically punishable by small fines and that produce no criminal record for the offender.
A.
Vice offense
B.
capital offense
C.
felonies
D.
civil infractions
Question #37
The accountability of an individual for a crime because of their characteristics and the circumstances of the illegal act is called
A.
legal responsibility
B.
differential response
C.
civil infractions
D.
clearance rate
Question #38
Law enforcement agencies include all of the following except:
A.
Customs and Border Protection
B.
Drug Enforcement Agency
C.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
D.
Federal Bureau of prisons
Question #39
Police officers who provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless are fulfilling which of the following police functions?
A.
Peacekeeping
B.
Service
C.
Law enforcement
D.
Order maintenance
Question #40
The practice of assigning individuals to night duty as to warn the public of crime that eventually evolved into a system of paid, uniform police.
A.
Order maintenance
B.
Service
C.
Law enforcement
D.
watch system
Question #41
Which of the following tests must recruits pass to become a police officer?
A.
background check
B.
written test
C.
physical exam
D.
racial test
Question #42
According to the theory of broken windows police should focus more on:
A.
Focus on drug related crimes
B.
Focus on the more serious crimes
C.
maintaining order by being attentive to "little problems
Question #43
The idea that an accused cannot be criminally responsible if the crime was the result of mental disease or mental defect is known as the:
A.
Exigent Circumstances
B.
Hot Pursuit
C.
racial test
D.
Durham rule
Question #44
Which type of defense involves an individual's action, which is socially acceptable under the circumstances despite causing harm that the law would otherwise seek to prevent.
A.
Justification Defense
B.
Necessity
C.
Duress
D.
Intoxication
Question #45
According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns fairness and equity is referred to as:
A.
doing justice
B.
controlling crime
C.
dramatizing crime
D.
preventing crime
Question #46
Which of the following would not be a top priority of the FBI's enforcement efforts?
A.
local homicide rates
B.
espionage
C.
terrorism
D.
protection of civil rights
Question #47
Which of the following is not a major duty of the police?
A.
respond to calls
B.
enforce the law
C.
make arrests
D.
ensuring that offenders receive adequate sentences
Question #48
Which of the following refers to a difference in treatment between groups?
A.
disassociation
B.
actus reus
C.
disparity
D.
discrimination
Question #49
The FBI is typically involved in criminal cases where stolen property is likely to be moved across state lines.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Criminal justice agencies are self-sufficient; that is, they generate their own funding and are not dependent upon outside financial sources.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #51
More than half of convicted offenders are supervised in the community.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #52
There is no evidence of racism in the operation of the criminal justice system.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #53
Crimes that threaten the general well-being of society and challenge accepted moral principles are defined as _______
A.
mala prohibita
B.
civil infractions
C.
public-order crimes
D.
mala in se
Question #54
According to Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, which stage of life is held to be most significant?
A.
early childhood
B.
late adulthood
C.
teenage years
Question #55
______ theories view criminality as normal behavior, believing that everyone has the potential to become a criminal depending on influences.
A.
life course theories
B.
civil infractions
C.
clearance rate
D.
social process
Question #56
______ theories draw from multiple disciplines with differing perspectives to create a larger model for explaining criminal behavior:
A.
Integrated
B.
life course theories
C.
social process
Question #57
An intoxicated individual cannot be found guilty of committing a crime.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #58
The Supreme Court of the United States may favor guilty people by ordering new trials.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #59
The idea that crime control does not rest solely with the police is in the line with the concept of:
A.
actus reus
B.
Community Crime Prevention
C.
mala prohibita
D.
Durham rule
Question #60
The set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to a work situation and environmental influences is known as:
A.
legal responsibility
B.
working personality
C.
civil infractions
D.
clearance rate
Question #61
"Rookies" require little socialization into the police subculture.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #62
Traffic units are responsible for identifying and apprehending suspects, as well as collecting evidence against them.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #63
Which model permits close control of off-duty work, because firms must apply to the department to have officers assigned to them.
A.
Union brokerage model
B.
department contract model
C.
Officer contract model
Question #64
Allow each officer to find off duty employment and to enter into a direct relationship with the private firms. officers must apply to the department for permission.
A.
Officer contract model
B.
Union brokerage model
C.
department contract model
Question #65
The police union or association finds off duty employment for its members, union sets the standards for the work and bargains with the department over the pay, status, and conditions
A.
Officer contract model
B.
department contract model
C.
Union brokerage model
Question #66
Relation between citizen and the police depend greatly on the thought that citizens believe the police will do their job properly and in good faith. this is achieved through Internal affairs, civilian review boards, standards and accreditation, and civil liability lawsuits.
A.
legal responsibility
B.
police brutality
C.
Civic accountability
Question #67
Law enforcement can not use thermal imaging to examine a home unless a warrant is obtained.
A.
tennessee v. garner(1985)
B.
Kyllo v. United States
C.
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
D.
United States v Leon (1984)
Question #68
A "pat down" search is also known as a:
A.
stop-and-frisk search
B.
Hot Pursuit
C.
Plain View
D.
consent
Question #69
Which court case determined that evidence found through improper searches and seizures must be excluded from use at both state and federal trials?
A.
Kyllo v. United States
B.
tennessee v. garner(1985)
C.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
D.
United States v Leon (1984)
Question #70
The Federal Bureau of Investigation rose to prominence under the leadership of:
A.
George Washington
B.
J. Edgar Hoover
C.
Benjamin Franklin
Question #71
The symbols, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of a subgroup within a larger society are collectively referred to as a:
A.
social process
B.
life course theories
C.
Integrated
D.
subculture
Question #72
A person cannot be forced to respond to questions in which the answers may reveal that they may have committed a crime.
A.
actus reus
B.
mala in se
C.
self-incrimination
D.
mala prohibita
Question #73
Surveillance cameras that monitor and ticket people who run red lights are potentially in conflict with citizens' civil liberties.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #74
Polygraph evidence is admissible as evidence in criminal courts.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #75
Correctional officers can gain cooperation from prisoners through rewards as well as punishments.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #76
"Jailing" is a term used to describe an inmate who tries to take advantage of prison programs to better themselves.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #77
Racial conflict is not a problem in most U.S. prisons.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #78
The set of rules and values that develop within the prison social system and guide prisoners' behavior is called:
A.
social process
B.
subculture
C.
Integrated
D.
the inmate code
Question #79
These inmates will most likely be alienated from rest of the population and targeted for abuse because they have violated the inmate code:
A.
racial test
B.
Durham rule
C.
punk
D.
Exigent Circumstances
Question #80
Values and norms do not affect the functioning of the courtroom.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #81
The United States has a dual court system.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #82
Scholars often view public defenders as better than assigned counsel because public defenders are full-time government employees who are specialists in criminal law.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #83
The person who represents accused and convicted persons in the criminal justice system is know as the:
A.
law enforcement
B.
defense attorney
C.
public defender
Question #84
Which of the following refers to a situation where an attorney is employed on a full-time, salaried basis by the government to represent indigents?
A.
law enforcement
B.
defense attorney
C.
public defender
Question #85
This type of judge is nominated by the president and confirmed by the senate:
A.
federal judge
B.
state judge
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