Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Spring 2022 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
Which of the following molecules are not macromolecules?
A.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
B.
nucleic acis
C.
Proteins
D.
Lipids
E.
Carbohydrates
Question #2
Which organ system includes the site of cutaneous receptors?
A.
muscular
B.
Nervous
C.
Muscular
D.
Integumentary
E.
Skeletal
Question #3
Which organ system regulates water, electrolyte, and acid – base balance?
A.
Respiratory
B.
Endocrine
C.
Digestive
D.
Urinary
E.
Endocrine
Question #4
Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the __________ system.
A.
Nervous
B.
Endocrine
C.
Urinary
D.
Lymphatic
E.
Skeletal
Question #5
The smallest living unit is
A.
a cell.
B.
an organ.
C.
a molecule.
D.
a human being.
E.
an atom.
Question #6
An example of a tissue in the body is
A.
a muscle cell.
B.
the stomach.
C.
a macromolecule.
D.
epithelium.
Question #7
An example of an organ is
A.
a fat cell.
B.
the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system).
C.
epithelium.
D.
the intestine.
Question #8
Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood?
A.
Cardiovascular
B.
lymphatic
C.
urinary
D.
integumentary
E.
endocrine
Question #9
Large molecules such as proteins are called
A.
multi-atom units.
B.
cells.
C.
cellular organelles.
D.
macromolecules.
Question #10
Which organ system mounts attack against foreign substances in the body?
A.
Lymphatic
B.
Urinary
C.
Reproductive
D.
Nervous
E.
Endocrine
Question #11
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called
A.
an isotope.
B.
an atom.
C.
a nucleus.
D.
a molecular bond.
E.
a neutrino.
Question #12
In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number.
A.
of neutrinos.
B.
of electrons.
C.
of quarks.
D.
of neutrons and protons.
E.
of neutrons.
Question #13
How many elements occur naturally?
A.
112
B.
32
C.
64
D.
92
E.
6
Question #14
The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of
A.
protons.
B.
electrons
C.
neutrons
D.
protons and neutrons
Question #15
Be (Beryllium) has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?
A.
7
B.
9
C.
5
D.
8
E.
4
Question #16
Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of _______________.
A.
Electrons
B.
Neutrinos O
C.
Neutrons
D.
Protons
E.
both protons and electrons
Question #17
A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called
A.
a molecule.
B.
an ion.
C.
a salt.
D.
an isotope.
E.
an atomic unit.
Question #18
Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?
A.
colloidal
B.
hydrogen
C.
covalent
D.
neutral
E.
ionic
Question #19
Bond in which one element loses electrons and other gains electrons.
A.
polar
B.
non-polar
C.
covalent
D.
hydrogen
E.
ionic
Question #20
William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?
A.
Water molecules are cohesive.
B.
Water has a high heat of vaporization.
C.
The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
D.
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
E.
Water is a solvent.
Question #21
In an acidic solution ____________________________________________.
A.
the number of H+ is equal to the number of OH-.
B.
the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-.
C.
the number of H+ is less than the number of OH-.
D.
the number of H+ is 10 times less than the number of OH-.
E.
the number of H+ is 3 times less than the number of OH-.
Question #22
Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called. Hint: This process lost water.
A.
disassembly.
B.
emulsification.
C.
monomerization.
D.
dehydration reaction.
E.
hydrolysis reaction.
Question #23
Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?
A.
vitamins
B.
carbohydrates
C.
proteins
D.
nucleic acids
E.
lipids
Question #24
Which of the following is not a MONOSACCHARIDE?
A.
galactose
B.
glucose
C.
fructose
D.
starch
E.
maltose
Question #25
Which polysaccharide is stored as an energy source in the body of animals?
A.
B.
glycogen
C.
chitin
D.
glucose
E.
starch
F.
cellulose
Question #26
What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?
A.
Starch
B.
Glycogen
C.
glucose
D.
Cellulose
E.
Maltose
Question #27
Which of the following foods would be a good source of fiber?
A.
All of the possible options here are good sources of fiber
B.
berries and granola
C.
whole wheat bread
D.
pineapple
E.
apple
Question #28
Which polysaccharide is a plant complex carbohydrate? Hint: It is in potato ?
A.
glycogen
B.
chitin
C.
glucose
D.
cellulose
E.
starch
Question #29
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that __________________________________.
A.
they are all found in animals.
B.
they contain the same number of side chains.
C.
they are all made of glucose.
D.
they have the same types of bonds between the monomer units.
E.
they can all be digested by our bodies.
Question #30
A fat contains how many fatty acids?
A.
4
B.
5
C.
1
D.
3
E.
2
Question #31
How are fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids alike?
A.
They each contain a polar phosphate group.
B.
They each contain only 1 fatty acid.
C.
They do not dissolve in water.
D.
They are all solid at room temperature.
E.
They all contain at least one carbon ring.
Question #32
A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered
A.
saturated.
B.
a steroid.
C.
trans unsaturated.
D.
unsaturated.
E.
a cholestrol.
Question #33
Sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?
A.
oils
B.
phospholipids
C.
triglycerides
D.
fats
E.
steroids
Question #34
The membranes of cells are composed of _______________________.
A.
phospholipids.
B.
triglycerides.
C.
steroids.
D.
fats.
E.
oils.
Question #35
An element can be broken down by chemical means.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #36
Water makes up 50 % of total body weight.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #37
The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of homeostasis.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #38
After lunch our digestive system will use the process of hydrolysis to break the food down into smaller subunits.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #39
A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #40
Emulsification is the breaking up of fat globules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts produced by the liver.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #41
Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #42
Aluminum has an atomic number of _______.
A.
13
B.
14
C.
15
D.
11
E.
10
Question #43
Aluminum has __________ electrons in the outermost electron shell.
A.
1
B.
3
C.
13
D.
5
E.
10
Question #44
Sulphur has an atomic number of _______.
A.
16
B.
13
C.
17
D.
15
E.
14
Question #45
Trans fat is a type of unsaturated fat that is even less healthy than saturated fats.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #46
Which of the following statements best describe eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A.
Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells
B.
Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.
C.
Prokaryotic cells are typically multicellular while eukaryotic cells are unicellular.
Question #47
Function of the plasma membrane include all of the following except.
A.
externally facing proteins act as receptor
B.
regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus
C.
acts as a selectively permeable membrane
D.
serves as an external cell barrier
Question #48
Molecules which provide stability to the plasma membrane by limiting the movement of lipids.
A.
Glycolipids
B.
Glycoproteins
C.
Peripheral proteins
D.
Integral proteins
E.
Cholesterol
Question #49
Molecule known as the link between a gene and a protein.
A.
rRNA
B.
DNA
C.
tRNA
D.
mRNA
Question #50
Molecule known as “decoder” because transfer amino acids during protein synthesis.
A.
DNA
B.
mRNA
C.
tRNA
D.
rRNA
Question #51
The breakdown of complex molecules to simple ones that usually releases energy.
A.
Metabolism
B.
Anabolism
C.
chemical reactions
D.
Catabolism
Question #52
The sum of all chemical reactions.
A.
Anabolism
B.
Metabolism
C.
Catabolism
D.
Energy
Question #53
The synthesis of complex molecules from simple ones often requires energy.
A.
Anabolism
B.
Catabolism
C.
Metabolism
D.
Chemical reactions
Question #54
Endocytosis process in which tiny packets of fluid are brought into the cell “cell drinking”.
A.
Pinocytosis
B.
Phagocytosis
C.
Exocytosis
D.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Question #55
Endocytosis process which engulf the most specific type of molecules or materials within the cell “cell eating”. This is the method by which insulin and cholesterol enter cells.
A.
Fluid-phase endocytosis
B.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
C.
Pinocytosis
D.
Exocytosis
Question #56
Products of glands are secreted by ________________.
A.
Osmosis
B.
Exocytosis
C.
Phagocytosis
D.
Pinocytosis
Question #57
Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals and breakdown poisons?
A.
Mitochondrion
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
Lysosome
D.
Peroxisomes
Question #58
Organelle that generates most of the cell energy through an aerobic process called cellular respiration.
A.
Peroxisomes
B.
Mitochondrion
C.
Lysosome
D.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Question #59
What organelle digest unwanted substances by the action of digestive enzymes?
A.
Endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Peroxisomes
C.
Lysosome
D.
Golgi apparatus
Question #60
Site of lipid and steroids synthesis.
A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Nucleus
Question #61
Directs cellular activities by mean of genes located here.
A.
Nucleus
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D.
Nucleolus
Question #62
Which of the following organelles is associated with protein synthesis?
A.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Mitochondrion
C.
Chloroplast
D.
Ribosomes
Question #63
Cell organelle responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis.
A.
Nucleolus
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Nucleus
D.
Chromatin
Question #64
Function of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except
A.
Modify proteins
B.
Package proteins
C.
Sort proteins for secretion from the cell
D.
DNA replication
Question #65
Site of ribosomes subunits manufacture
A.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B.
nucleus
C.
nucleolus
D.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #66
Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element?
A.
centrioles
B.
microtubules
C.
microfilaments
D.
intermediate filaments
Question #67
Which organelle is necessary for karyokinesis (nuclear division)?
A.
plasma membrane
B.
nucleolus
C.
centrioles
D.
microtubules
Question #68
Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a channeling system known as the _______________________.
A.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
cytoskeleton
C.
Golgi apparatus
D.
microtubule organizing center
Question #69
In chromatin, the DNA molecule wraps around proteins called
A.
codons
B.
histones
C.
nucleotides
D.
integral protein
Question #70
In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated (duplicated) during _______________.
A.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
B.
S "Synthesis" phase
C.
Mitosis
D.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
Question #71
Final preparations for nuclear division are made during this stage of the cell life cycle, centrioles finish copying themselves, and enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized.
A.
S "Synthesis" phase
B.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
C.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
D.
mitosis
Question #72
Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is ________________________.
A.
cytokinesis
B.
karyokinetic
C.
telophase
D.
meiosis
Question #73
Which is not part of interphase?
A.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
B.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
C.
Mitosis
D.
S "Synthesis" phase
Question #74
Chromosomes are line up in the middle of the cell during _______________.
A.
telophase
B.
prophase
C.
metaphase
D.
anaphase
Question #75
Chromatin threads condense into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope and nucleus disappear.
A.
prophase
B.
anaphase
C.
telophase
D.
metaphase
Question #76
A new nuclear membrane forms.
A.
anaphase
B.
telophase
C.
metaphase
D.
prophase
Question #77
Centrosomes of chromosomes split moving to the opposite poles of the cell.
A.
anaphase
B.
metaphase
C.
prophase
D.
telophase
Question #78
Stage in the cell life cycle where the cell is metabolically active – grow – make proteins.
A.
S "Synthesis" phase
B.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
C.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
D.
Mitosis
Question #79
Which of the following cells are involve in moving organs and body parts?
A.
Nervous cells
B.
Epithelial cell
C.
Connective cells
D.
Smooth and skeletal muscle cells
Question #80
What cells store nutrients?
A.
Fat cells
B.
Sperm
C.
Fibroblast
D.
Macrophage
E.
Neuron
Question #81
Which of the following cells fight disease?
A.
Fat cells
B.
Sperm
C.
Fibroblast
D.
Macrophage
E.
Neuron
Question #82
Cell that gather information.
A.
Fibroblast
B.
Macrophage
C.
Fat cells
D.
Sperm
E.
Neuron
Question #83
Concave shape cells that provide surface area for uptake of the respiratory gases.
A.
Fibroblast
B.
Egg
C.
Epithelial
D.
Erythrocyte
Question #84
The nucleolus serves as the cell’s ribosome – producing machine.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #85
Chromatin is composed of DNA wound around proteins known as SNARES.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #86
During the “S” phase of the cell life cycle the plasma membrane separates.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #87
There is no nucleus during prophase in the cell life cycle.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #88
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum contributes to the detoxification of drugs and harmful chemicals.
A.
True
B.
False
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