Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Spring 2022 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
Which of the following molecules are not macromolecules?
A.
Lipids
B.
Proteins
C.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
D.
Carbohydrates
E.
nucleic acis
Question #2
Which organ system includes the site of cutaneous receptors?
A.
Skeletal
B.
Integumentary
C.
Nervous
D.
Muscular
E.
muscular
Question #3
Which organ system regulates water, electrolyte, and acid – base balance?
A.
Digestive
B.
Urinary
C.
Endocrine
D.
Respiratory
E.
Endocrine
Question #4
Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the __________ system.
A.
Nervous
B.
Urinary
C.
Lymphatic
D.
Endocrine
E.
Skeletal
Question #5
The smallest living unit is
A.
a molecule.
B.
a human being.
C.
a cell.
D.
an atom.
E.
an organ.
Question #6
An example of a tissue in the body is
A.
the stomach.
B.
epithelium.
C.
a macromolecule.
D.
a muscle cell.
Question #7
An example of an organ is
A.
the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system).
B.
the intestine.
C.
a fat cell.
D.
epithelium.
Question #8
Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood?
A.
endocrine
B.
integumentary
C.
urinary
D.
Cardiovascular
E.
lymphatic
Question #9
Large molecules such as proteins are called
A.
cellular organelles.
B.
multi-atom units.
C.
cells.
D.
macromolecules.
Question #10
Which organ system mounts attack against foreign substances in the body?
A.
Nervous
B.
Lymphatic
C.
Urinary
D.
Reproductive
E.
Endocrine
Question #11
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called
A.
a molecular bond.
B.
an isotope.
C.
a nucleus.
D.
an atom.
E.
a neutrino.
Question #12
In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number.
A.
of neutrons and protons.
B.
of quarks.
C.
of neutrinos.
D.
of neutrons.
E.
of electrons.
Question #13
How many elements occur naturally?
A.
32
B.
6
C.
64
D.
112
E.
92
Question #14
The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of
A.
electrons
B.
protons and neutrons
C.
neutrons
D.
protons.
Question #15
Be (Beryllium) has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?
A.
9
B.
8
C.
4
D.
5
E.
7
Question #16
Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of _______________.
A.
Neutrons
B.
Protons
C.
Neutrinos O
D.
both protons and electrons
E.
Electrons
Question #17
A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called
A.
an isotope.
B.
an atomic unit.
C.
a salt.
D.
an ion.
E.
a molecule.
Question #18
Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?
A.
ionic
B.
colloidal
C.
covalent
D.
neutral
E.
hydrogen
Question #19
Bond in which one element loses electrons and other gains electrons.
A.
non-polar
B.
hydrogen
C.
ionic
D.
polar
E.
covalent
Question #20
William noticed water mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?
A.
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
B.
Water molecules are cohesive.
C.
Water has a high heat of vaporization.
D.
Water is a solvent.
E.
The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
Question #21
In an acidic solution ____________________________________________.
A.
the number of H+ is less than the number of OH-.
B.
the number of H+ is equal to the number of OH-.
C.
the number of H+ is 3 times less than the number of OH-.
D.
the number of H+ is 10 times less than the number of OH-.
E.
the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-.
Question #22
Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called. Hint: This process lost water.
A.
disassembly.
B.
dehydration reaction.
C.
emulsification.
D.
hydrolysis reaction.
E.
monomerization.
Question #23
Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?
A.
proteins
B.
nucleic acids
C.
vitamins
D.
lipids
E.
carbohydrates
Question #24
Which of the following is not a MONOSACCHARIDE?
A.
fructose
B.
glucose
C.
galactose
D.
maltose
E.
starch
Question #25
Which polysaccharide is stored as an energy source in the body of animals?
A.
glucose
B.
cellulose
C.
D.
starch
E.
glycogen
F.
chitin
Question #26
What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?
A.
Glycogen
B.
Starch
C.
Maltose
D.
glucose
E.
Cellulose
Question #27
Which of the following foods would be a good source of fiber?
A.
berries and granola
B.
whole wheat bread
C.
pineapple
D.
apple
E.
All of the possible options here are good sources of fiber
Question #28
Which polysaccharide is a plant complex carbohydrate? Hint: It is in potato ?
A.
starch
B.
chitin
C.
glucose
D.
glycogen
E.
cellulose
Question #29
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that __________________________________.
A.
they have the same types of bonds between the monomer units.
B.
they contain the same number of side chains.
C.
they can all be digested by our bodies.
D.
they are all made of glucose.
E.
they are all found in animals.
Question #30
A fat contains how many fatty acids?
A.
1
B.
5
C.
3
D.
4
E.
2
Question #31
How are fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids alike?
A.
They all contain at least one carbon ring.
B.
They do not dissolve in water.
C.
They each contain only 1 fatty acid.
D.
They each contain a polar phosphate group.
E.
They are all solid at room temperature.
Question #32
A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered
A.
unsaturated.
B.
trans unsaturated.
C.
a steroid.
D.
saturated.
E.
a cholestrol.
Question #33
Sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?
A.
triglycerides
B.
steroids
C.
fats
D.
oils
E.
phospholipids
Question #34
The membranes of cells are composed of _______________________.
A.
phospholipids.
B.
fats.
C.
triglycerides.
D.
steroids.
E.
oils.
Question #35
An element can be broken down by chemical means.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #36
Water makes up 50 % of total body weight.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #37
The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of homeostasis.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #38
After lunch our digestive system will use the process of hydrolysis to break the food down into smaller subunits.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #39
A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #40
Emulsification is the breaking up of fat globules into smaller droplets by the action of bile salts produced by the liver.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #41
Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #42
Aluminum has an atomic number of _______.
A.
10
B.
14
C.
15
D.
13
E.
11
Question #43
Aluminum has __________ electrons in the outermost electron shell.
A.
13
B.
3
C.
10
D.
5
E.
1
Question #44
Sulphur has an atomic number of _______.
A.
13
B.
16
C.
15
D.
14
E.
17
Question #45
Trans fat is a type of unsaturated fat that is even less healthy than saturated fats.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #46
Which of the following statements best describe eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A.
Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.
B.
Prokaryotic cells are typically multicellular while eukaryotic cells are unicellular.
C.
Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells
Question #47
Function of the plasma membrane include all of the following except.
A.
regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus
B.
externally facing proteins act as receptor
C.
serves as an external cell barrier
D.
acts as a selectively permeable membrane
Question #48
Molecules which provide stability to the plasma membrane by limiting the movement of lipids.
A.
Cholesterol
B.
Glycolipids
C.
Peripheral proteins
D.
Glycoproteins
E.
Integral proteins
Question #49
Molecule known as the link between a gene and a protein.
A.
DNA
B.
mRNA
C.
tRNA
D.
rRNA
Question #50
Molecule known as “decoder” because transfer amino acids during protein synthesis.
A.
rRNA
B.
mRNA
C.
DNA
D.
tRNA
Question #51
The breakdown of complex molecules to simple ones that usually releases energy.
A.
Catabolism
B.
Anabolism
C.
Metabolism
D.
chemical reactions
Question #52
The sum of all chemical reactions.
A.
Catabolism
B.
Energy
C.
Metabolism
D.
Anabolism
Question #53
The synthesis of complex molecules from simple ones often requires energy.
A.
Chemical reactions
B.
Metabolism
C.
Anabolism
D.
Catabolism
Question #54
Endocytosis process in which tiny packets of fluid are brought into the cell “cell drinking”.
A.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
B.
Exocytosis
C.
Phagocytosis
D.
Pinocytosis
Question #55
Endocytosis process which engulf the most specific type of molecules or materials within the cell “cell eating”. This is the method by which insulin and cholesterol enter cells.
A.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
B.
Exocytosis
C.
Pinocytosis
D.
Fluid-phase endocytosis
Question #56
Products of glands are secreted by ________________.
A.
Exocytosis
B.
Pinocytosis
C.
Osmosis
D.
Phagocytosis
Question #57
Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals and breakdown poisons?
A.
Lysosome
B.
Peroxisomes
C.
Mitochondrion
D.
Golgi apparatus
Question #58
Organelle that generates most of the cell energy through an aerobic process called cellular respiration.
A.
Mitochondrion
B.
Endoplasmic reticulum
C.
Lysosome
D.
Peroxisomes
Question #59
What organelle digest unwanted substances by the action of digestive enzymes?
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
Endoplasmic reticulum
C.
Peroxisomes
D.
Lysosome
Question #60
Site of lipid and steroids synthesis.
A.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Nucleus
Question #61
Directs cellular activities by mean of genes located here.
A.
Nucleus
B.
Nucleolus
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Question #62
Which of the following organelles is associated with protein synthesis?
A.
Mitochondrion
B.
Chloroplast
C.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D.
Ribosomes
Question #63
Cell organelle responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis.
A.
Chromatin
B.
Nucleolus
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Nucleus
Question #64
Function of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except
A.
Package proteins
B.
Modify proteins
C.
Sort proteins for secretion from the cell
D.
DNA replication
Question #65
Site of ribosomes subunits manufacture
A.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B.
nucleolus
C.
nucleus
D.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #66
Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element?
A.
intermediate filaments
B.
centrioles
C.
microtubules
D.
microfilaments
Question #67
Which organelle is necessary for karyokinesis (nuclear division)?
A.
microtubules
B.
nucleolus
C.
centrioles
D.
plasma membrane
Question #68
Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a channeling system known as the _______________________.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
cytoskeleton
D.
microtubule organizing center
Question #69
In chromatin, the DNA molecule wraps around proteins called
A.
codons
B.
integral protein
C.
nucleotides
D.
histones
Question #70
In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated (duplicated) during _______________.
A.
Mitosis
B.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
C.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
D.
S "Synthesis" phase
Question #71
Final preparations for nuclear division are made during this stage of the cell life cycle, centrioles finish copying themselves, and enzymes needed for cell division are synthesized.
A.
S "Synthesis" phase
B.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
C.
mitosis
D.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
Question #72
Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is ________________________.
A.
meiosis
B.
telophase
C.
cytokinesis
D.
karyokinetic
Question #73
Which is not part of interphase?
A.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
B.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
C.
Mitosis
D.
S "Synthesis" phase
Question #74
Chromosomes are line up in the middle of the cell during _______________.
A.
prophase
B.
telophase
C.
metaphase
D.
anaphase
Question #75
Chromatin threads condense into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope and nucleus disappear.
A.
anaphase
B.
prophase
C.
telophase
D.
metaphase
Question #76
A new nuclear membrane forms.
A.
metaphase
B.
telophase
C.
anaphase
D.
prophase
Question #77
Centrosomes of chromosomes split moving to the opposite poles of the cell.
A.
prophase
B.
telophase
C.
anaphase
D.
metaphase
Question #78
Stage in the cell life cycle where the cell is metabolically active – grow – make proteins.
A.
Mitosis
B.
G1 phase or Gap 1 phase
C.
G 2 phase or Gap 2 phase
D.
S "Synthesis" phase
Question #79
Which of the following cells are involve in moving organs and body parts?
A.
Nervous cells
B.
Smooth and skeletal muscle cells
C.
Epithelial cell
D.
Connective cells
Question #80
What cells store nutrients?
A.
Neuron
B.
Sperm
C.
Macrophage
D.
Fibroblast
E.
Fat cells
Question #81
Which of the following cells fight disease?
A.
Neuron
B.
Sperm
C.
Fat cells
D.
Macrophage
E.
Fibroblast
Question #82
Cell that gather information.
A.
Sperm
B.
Fat cells
C.
Macrophage
D.
Fibroblast
E.
Neuron
Question #83
Concave shape cells that provide surface area for uptake of the respiratory gases.
A.
Epithelial
B.
Egg
C.
Erythrocyte
D.
Fibroblast
Question #84
The nucleolus serves as the cell’s ribosome – producing machine.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #85
Chromatin is composed of DNA wound around proteins known as SNARES.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #86
During the “S” phase of the cell life cycle the plasma membrane separates.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #87
There is no nucleus during prophase in the cell life cycle.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #88
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum contributes to the detoxification of drugs and harmful chemicals.
A.
True
B.
False
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