Phar 642 - Principles of Drug Action » Spring 2022 » iRat 04
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Question #1
A novel drug decreases the activity of the enzyme GABA transaminase. What is the most likely effect of this drug?
A.
Decreased GABA levels
B.
Decreased Glutamate levels
C.
Increased glutamate levels
D.
Increased GABA levels
Question #2
What type of receptor requires glycine as a co-agonist AND is blocked by Mg2+ at the resting membrane potential?
A.
NMDA Receptors
B.
GABA-A Receptors
C.
Kainate Receptors
D.
AMPA Receptors
Question #3
What role does acetylcholine play in memory?
A.
It enhances long term potentiation
B.
It prevents NMDA receptor activation
C.
It prevents sleep so that memories can form
D.
Acetylcholine does not play a role in memory
Question #4
What is the most significant reason why excess NMDA receptor stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease is problematic?
A.
It dissolves plaques, causing release of toxic chemicals
B.
It is pro-inflammatory
C.
It has an inhibitory effect in the hippocampus, reducing memory formation
D.
It induces desensitization of receptors resulting in memory loss
E.
It increases intracellular calcium to trigger apoptosis
Question #5
What happens to acetylcholine in the brain as Alzheimer's disease progresses?
A.
Acetylcholine levels become depleted
B.
Acetylcholine levels gradually increase
C.
Neurons become insensitive to acetylcholine
D.
Acetylcholine activates programmed cell death
E.
Neurons become hypersensitive to acetylcholine
Question #6
A 32-year-old female patient was prescribed a benzodiazepine for generalized are most likely contributes to the beneficial effect of this drug for this patient?
A.
Decreased activity of mitochondrial GABA transaminase
B.
Increased activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase
C.
Direct activation of GABA-A receptors by lorazepam
D.
Increased affinity of endogenous GABA for the GABA-A receptor
E.
Decreased reuptake of GABA into pre-synaptic neurons
Question #7
A patient was given flumazenil to help reverse the effects of benzodiazepine overdose. What is the most likely potential adverse effect of flumazenil in this patient?
A.
Seizures
B.
Respiratory arrest
C.
Cognitive dysfunction
D.
Cardiac arrest
Question #8
What percent of orally administered levodopa (without carbidopa) crosses the blood brain barrier?
A.
0%
B.
80%
C.
95%
D.
10%
E.
1%
Question #9
Which D2 receptors are accessible without crossing the blood-brain barrier?
A.
Area postrema D2 receptors
B.
Pituitary Gland D2 receptors
C.
Basal ganglia D2 receptors
D.
Hypothalamus 02 receptors
E.
Hippocampal D2 receptors
Question #10
What enzyme converts dopamine. through oxidative deamination, to potentially toxic metabolites in neuron terminals?
A.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
B.
Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
C.
DOPA decarboxylase
D.
Tyrosine hydroxylase
E.
Monoamine Oxidase
Question #11
With prolonged treatment with levodopa. patients often start experiencing motor fluctuations. What is the best explanation of why these fluctuations occur after prolonged treatment, but not earlier in the course of treatment?
A.
Pre-synaptic dopamine receptors become desensitized to dopamine with prolonged treatment
B.
There are fewer dopamine neurons to remove and store dopamine and L-DOPA pre-synaptically
C.
In later stages, dopamine receptors become sensitive to acetylcholinr as well as dopamine
D.
As the disease progresses, activating post-synaptic dopamine receptors becomes less effective
E.
Post-synaptic dopamine receptors become sensitized to dopamine with prolonged treatment
Question #12
Conversely to Parkinson's disease symptoms. What is caused by too much CNS dopamine?
A.
Tremor
B.
Rigidity
C.
Bradykinesia
D.
Dyskinesia
E.
Hypokinesia
Question #13
A patient recently started developing bradykinesia and tremor, due to his current medication. What drug mechanism is most likely causing these symptoms?
A.
D3 receptor Agonist
B.
D5 receptor Agonist
C.
D2 receptor Antagonist
D.
D4 receptor Antagonist
E.
D1 receptor Agonist
Question #14
What is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
Disorganized speech
B.
Hallucinations
C.
Delusions
D.
Decreased motivation
Question #15
What dopamine antagonist is used for nausea and vomiting, rather than as an antipsychotic?
A.
Haloperidol
B.
Chlorpromazine
C.
Bromocriptine
D.
Metoclopramide
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