Child Development 001 » 2019 » Midterm Exam
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Question #1
According to Chomsky's theory of language acquisition:
A.
the inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunctions.
B.
children learn language through a complex process of imitation and reinforcement.
C.
language learning depends on specific structure in the brain.
D.
children have an inborn ability to learn language.
Question #2
According to Jean Piaget, the two elements of adaptation are:
A.
object permanence and circular reactions.
B.
goal- directed behavior and habituation.
C.
mental combinations and trial and error.
D.
assimilation and accommodation.
Question #3
What is the stage-five infant like according to Piaget
A.
scientist who experiments to see.
B.
neurotic who cannot take no for an answer.
C.
mime who imitates behavior of all kind.
D.
child in terrible twos.
Question #4
What is the prime focus of pleasure in early infancy according to psychoanalytic theory
A.
the hands and feet.
B.
the anus.
C.
the stomach.
D.
the mouth.
Question #5
What is the awareness of things—responding to people and objects called?
A.
stage two of Piaget's sensorimotor stage.
B.
stage three of Piaget's sensorimotor stage
C.
stage four of Piaget's sensorimotor stage.
D.
stage one of Piaget's sensorimotor stages.
Question #6
An increased level of cortisol is associated with an infant's:
A.
well being.
B.
anger.
C.
sadness.
D.
secure attachment.
Question #7
Which of the following statements is true about babbling
A.
is universal.
B.
occurs only if the infant can hear.
C.
precedes cooing.
D.
is found only in infants from the Western Hemisphere.
Question #8
This is reason wny brain weight triples in the first two years of life
A.
axons
B.
dendrites
C.
neurons
D.
synapses
Question #9
Breast milk:
A.
provides more iron and vitaminC and A than cow's milk.
B.
is more likely than formula to produce alleries.
C.
is deficient in iron and vitamin C.
D.
upsets the baby's digestive system more often than formulas.
Question #10
By age _____ children reach half their adult height
A.
4 years
B.
2 years
C.
3 years
D.
6 years
Question #11
During the sensorimotor stage, the main task is to:
A.
use senses and motor skills to understand the world.
B.
learn to use language to express sensations.
C.
think of past and future events.
D.
think logically and critically.
Question #12
Hugh enjoys playing with your keys. When you take them away and place them in your pocket, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that Hugh does not understand:
A.
egocentrism.
B.
affordances.
C.
conservation.
D.
object permanence
Question #13
If we place a dot of rouge on an 18 month old's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her nose. This shows that the child has some:
A.
self awareness.
B.
dynamic perception.
C.
perceptual constancy.
D.
social referencing.
Question #14
In Erikson's theory, the infant's earliest task is described as that of:
A.
learning pain and pleasure.
B.
obtaining oral gratification.
C.
controlling bodily functions.
D.
learning trust or mistrust.
Question #15
Jan's mother calls him “high strung” because he is disturbed by even the slightest noise, is very hard to distract, and extremely fussy. The New York Longitudinal Study would call him:
A.
difficult.
B.
an extrovert.
C.
hard to classify.
D.
slow to warm up.
Question #16
The active intellectual functioning of infants according to Piaget
A.
object awareness.
B.
adaptation.
C.
sensorimotor intelligence.
D.
imitative learning.
Question #17
Secure attachment makes a toddler:
A.
willing to explore.
B.
cling to the mother.
C.
try to talk.
D.
self-centered.
Question #18
Sensation is demonstrated when a person:
A.
understands what someone is telling him
B.
is able to hear someone whispering
C.
solves a math problem correctly
D.
believes that two pizzas are the same size, regardless of the number of slices
Question #19
The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the last part of the brain mature. This area is:
A.
the temporal cortex
B.
the parietal cortex
C.
the striate cortex
D.
the prefrontal cortex
Question #20
At age ___ an average child can walk without assistance of a guardian
A.
18 months
B.
1 year
C.
2 years
D.
6 months
Question #21
The biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth is known as:
A.
cephalo-sequential primary default
B.
brain overrride
C.
head sparing
D.
the blood brain barrier
Question #22
What do you call the frontal areas of the cortex
A.
assist with self control
B.
are responsible for visual functions
C.
are well developed in newborns.
D.
help us understand spoken words
Question #23
What do you call the nerve cells of the brain
A.
axon
B.
the cortex
C.
neurons
D.
dendrites
Question #24
"new means through active experimentation" in this Piagetian sensorimotor stage
A.
stage five.
B.
stage three.
C.
stage four.
D.
stage six.
Question #25
What do you call the process by which underused neurons are inactivated?
A.
pruning.
B.
plasticity.
C.
transient exuberance.
D.
neuron deactivation.
Question #26
According to Erikson, this refers to the second "crisis of life"
A.
trust vs. mistrust.
B.
industry vs. inferiority.
C.
the oral stage.
D.
autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
Question #27
The text indicates that one of the possible reasons that growing infants sleep as much as they do is that:
A.
more growth hormones are released during sleep than during wakefullnes
B.
they are generating new leukocytes to fight infection during that time
C.
their parasymphathetic nervous system develops with the help of sleep neurotransmitters
D.
sleep is the only time when memories can be consolidated into permanency
Question #28
The baby exhibits _____ when a baby is upset because a caregiver is leaving
A.
solitary fear.
B.
fear of isolation.
C.
separation anxiety.
D.
general anxiety.
Question #29
According to Piage, _______ is when we revamp our old ways of thinking because of new information
A.
imitation.
B.
assimilation.
C.
historical context.
D.
accommodation
Question #30
When nutrition is temporary inadequate, the body stops growing but the brain does not. This is called:
A.
marasmus.
B.
stunting.
C.
head-sparing.
D.
wasting.
Question #31
When parents learn that their one year old brain is exhibiting transient exuberance, the parents
A.
know that this process, in which axons become coated, is normal.
B.
worry, because this may indicate increased vulnerability to a later learning disability.
C.
smile, because they knoe their daughter's brain is developing new neural connections.
D.
are alarmed, because this news indicates that the frontal lobe area of Anna's cortex is immature.
Question #32
Three week old Nathan should have the least difficulty focusing on the sight of:
A.
his mother's face as she holds him in her arms.
B.
the checkerboard pattern in the wallpaper covering the ceiling of his room.
C.
stuffed animals on a bookshelf across the room from his crib.
D.
the family dog as it dashes into the nursery.
Question #33
Most of the nerve cells a human brain will ever need are present:
A.
at age 5 or 6.
B.
at birth.
C.
about one month following conception.
D.
at conception.
Question #34
Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,
A.
perceives some differences between stimuli.
B.
is annoyed by the change.
C.
is both hungry and angry.
D.
has become habituated to the new stimulus.
Question #35
Infant day care is of high quality if caregivers emphasize, among other things:,,
A.
a regular nap and quiet time for all infants.
B.
sensorimotor exploration.
C.
a variety of caregivers every day.
D.
each infant having his or her own playpen.
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