Child Development 001 » 2019 » Midterm Exam

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Question #1
The following is true about Chomsky's theory of language acquisition:
A.   children have an inborn ability to learn language.
B.   language learning depends on specific structure in the brain.
C.   the inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunctions.
D.   children learn language through a complex process of imitation and reinforcement.
Question #2
According to Jean Piaget, the two elements of adaptation are:
A.   object permanence and circular reactions.
B.   mental combinations and trial and error.
C.   goal- directed behavior and habituation.
D.   assimilation and accommodation.
Question #3
According to Piaget, the stage-five infant is like:
A.   child in terrible twos.
B.   scientist who experiments to see.
C.   neurotic who cannot take no for an answer.
D.   mime who imitates behavior of all kind.
Question #4
What is the prime focus of pleasure in early infancy according to psychoanalytic theory
A.   the mouth.
B.   the hands and feet.
C.   the anus.
D.   the stomach.
Question #5
What is the awareness of things—responding to people and objects called?
A.   stage one of Piaget's sensorimotor stages.
B.   stage three of Piaget's sensorimotor stage
C.   stage four of Piaget's sensorimotor stage.
D.   stage two of Piaget's sensorimotor stage.
Question #6
An increased level of cortisol is associated with an infant's:
A.   well being.
B.   secure attachment.
C.   anger.
D.   sadness.
Question #7
Which of the following statements is true about babbling
A.   is found only in infants from the Western Hemisphere.
B.   precedes cooing.
C.   is universal.
D.   occurs only if the infant can hear.
Question #8
Brain weight triples in the first two years of life primarily because of the growth of:
A.   axons
B.   synapses
C.   neurons
D.   dendrites
Question #9
Which of the following statements is true breast milk
A.   is more likely than formula to produce alleries.
B.   upsets the baby's digestive system more often than formulas.
C.   provides more iron and vitaminC and A than cow's milk.
D.   is deficient in iron and vitamin C.
Question #10
By age _____ children reach half their adult height
A.   2 years
B.   6 years
C.   4 years
D.   3 years
Question #11
The main task during the sensorimotor stage is to
A.   think logically and critically.
B.   use senses and motor skills to understand the world.
C.   think of past and future events.
D.   learn to use language to express sensations.
Question #12
Hugh enjoys playing with your keys. When you take them away and place them in your pocket, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that Hugh does not understand:
A.   affordances.
B.   object permanence
C.   egocentrism.
D.   conservation.
Question #13
If we place a dot of rouge on an 18 month old's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her nose. This shows that the child has some:
A.   self awareness.
B.   perceptual constancy.
C.   dynamic perception.
D.   social referencing.
Question #14
In Erikson's theory, the infant's earliest task is described as that of:
A.   learning trust or mistrust.
B.   controlling bodily functions.
C.   learning pain and pleasure.
D.   obtaining oral gratification.
Question #15
Jan's mother calls him “high strung” because he is disturbed by even the slightest noise, is very hard to distract, and extremely fussy. The New York Longitudinal Study would call him:
A.   slow to warm up.
B.   hard to classify.
C.   an extrovert.
D.   difficult.
Question #16
Piaget called the active intellectual functioning of infants:
A.   adaptation.
B.   object awareness.
C.   sensorimotor intelligence.
D.   imitative learning.
Question #17
Secure attachment makes a toddler:
A.   willing to explore.
B.   try to talk.
C.   self-centered.
D.   cling to the mother.
Question #18
Which of the following demonstration sensation
A.   believes that two pizzas are the same size, regardless of the number of slices
B.   solves a math problem correctly
C.   is able to hear someone whispering
D.   understands what someone is telling him
Question #19
The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the last part of the brain mature. This area is:
A.   the parietal cortex
B.   the striate cortex
C.   the prefrontal cortex
D.   the temporal cortex
Question #20
At age ___ an average child can walk without assistance of a guardian
A.   18 months
B.   2 years
C.   6 months
D.   1 year
Question #21
The biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth is known as:
A.   head sparing
B.   cephalo-sequential primary default
C.   brain overrride
D.   the blood brain barrier
Question #22
What do you call the frontal areas of the cortex
A.   are responsible for visual functions
B.   are well developed in newborns.
C.   help us understand spoken words
D.   assist with self control
Question #23
What do you call the nerve cells of the brain
A.   axon
B.   the cortex
C.   dendrites
D.   neurons
Question #24
The Piagetian sensorimotor stage, new means through active experimentation is in:
A.   stage three.
B.   stage four.
C.   stage five.
D.   stage six.
Question #25
The process by which underused neurons are inactivated is known as:
A.   plasticity.
B.   pruning.
C.   transient exuberance.
D.   neuron deactivation.
Question #26
The second "crisis of life," according to Erikson, is:
A.   the oral stage.
B.   industry vs. inferiority.
C.   trust vs. mistrust.
D.   autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
Question #27
The text indicates that one of the possible reasons that growing infants sleep as much as they do is that:
A.   they are generating new leukocytes to fight infection during that time
B.   more growth hormones are released during sleep than during wakefullnes
C.   sleep is the only time when memories can be consolidated into permanency
D.   their parasymphathetic nervous system develops with the help of sleep neurotransmitters
Question #28
The baby exhibits _____ when a baby is upset because a caregiver is leaving
A.   general anxiety.
B.   separation anxiety.
C.   fear of isolation.
D.   solitary fear.
Question #29
According to Piage, _______ is when we revamp our old ways of thinking because of new information
A.   historical context.
B.   assimilation.
C.   imitation.
D.   accommodation
Question #30
When the body stops growing but the brain does not because nutrition is temporarily inadequate
A.   marasmus.
B.   stunting.
C.   head-sparing.
D.   wasting.
Question #31
Anna's pediatrician informs her parents that Anna's one year old brain is exhibiting transient exuberance. In response to this news, Anna's parents;
A.   smile, because they knoe their daughter's brain is developing new neural connections.
B.   know that this process, in which axons become coated, is normal.
C.   are alarmed, because this news indicates that the frontal lobe area of Anna's cortex is immature.
D.   worry, because this may indicate increased vulnerability to a later learning disability.
Question #32
Three week old Nathan should have the least difficulty focusing on the sight of:
A.   stuffed animals on a bookshelf across the room from his crib.
B.   the checkerboard pattern in the wallpaper covering the ceiling of his room.
C.   the family dog as it dashes into the nursery.
D.   his mother's face as she holds him in her arms.
Question #33
When are the nerve cells that a human brain will ever need become present
A.   at birth.
B.   at age 5 or 6.
C.   about one month following conception.
D.   at conception.
Question #34
Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,Six month old Sarah sucks harder on a nipple, evidences a change in heart rate, or stares longer at one image than at another when presented with a change of stimulus. This indicates that she:,
A.   has become habituated to the new stimulus.
B.   is annoyed by the change.
C.   is both hungry and angry.
D.   perceives some differences between stimuli.
Question #35
Infant day care is of high quality if caregivers emphasize, among other things:,,
A.   sensorimotor exploration.
B.   a variety of caregivers every day.
C.   a regular nap and quiet time for all infants.
D.   each infant having his or her own playpen.

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