Phar 642 - Principles of Drug Action » Spring 2022 » iRat 07

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Question #1
What segment of the nephron reabsorbs water but not salt?
A.   Ascending loop of Henle
B.   Distal convoluted tubule
C.   Descending loop of Henle
D.   Proximal convoluted tubule
Question #2
What hormone is directly responsible for the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct?
A.   Angiotensin I
B.   Renin
C.   Aldosterone
D.   Vasopressin
Question #3
What scenario would involve subsequent sympathetic nervous system activation?
A.   Decreased nitric oxide
B.   Decreased blood volume
C.   Increased blood pressure
D.   Increased heart rate
Question #4
A 49-year-old female patient was prescribed losartan to manage her hypertension. What molecular mechanism most likely contributes to the beneficial effect of this drug in the treatment of hypertension?
A.   Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme
B.   Na/KJCI co-transporter antagonism
C.   Angiotensin Il receptor block
D.   Na/CI symporter antagonism
Question #5
A 53-year-old male patient started medication to treat hypertension a month ago. He recently started complaining of a dry cough. What antihypertensive drug is most likely responsible for the patient's cough?
A.   Lisinopril
B.   Losartan
C.   Hydralazine
D.   Nifedipine
Question #6
What type of antihypertensive drug is least likely to cause reflex tachycardia?
A.   Loop-diuretic
B.   Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
C.   Alpha-I adrenergic receptor antagonist
D.   Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
Question #7
What activates or is activated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
A.   Activation of atrial natriuretic peptide
B.   Increased glomerular filtration rate
C.   Decreased renin secretion
D.   Activation of angiotensin converting enzyme
Question #8
A 55-year-old male patient was prescribed a class Ill antiarrhythmic drug. What molecular mechanism is most likely responsible for the antiarrhythmic properties of this drug?
A.   Beta adrenergic receptor block
B.   Voltage gated potassium channel block
C.   Voltage gated calcium channel clock
D.   Voltage gated sodium channel block
Question #9
What drug exerts its antiarrhythmic effects primarily in pacemaker cells rather than cardiomyocytes?
A.   Quinidine
B.   Verapamil
C.   Procainamide
D.   Lidocaine
Question #10
In addition to their primary mechanism, What Other molecular mechanism is Common to Class la antiarrhythmic drugs?
A.   Antagonism of beta-adrenergic receptors
B.   Activation of muscarinic receptors
C.   Voltage gated calcium channel block
D.   Voltage gated potassium channel block
Question #11
A 45-year-old male patient was prescribed a class II anthiarrhythmic drug to manage his concurrent hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. What effect will this drug have on his pacemaker actionpotentials?
A.   Shortened phase 3
B.   Prolonged phase 2
C.   Prolonged phase 4
D.   Shortened phase 1
Question #12
What type of mechanism responsible for cardiac arrhythmias involves action potentials traveling in the wrong direction?
A.   Re-entry
B.   Triggered activity
C.   Conduction block
D.   Altered automaticity
Question #13
A 63-year-old male patient was prescribed a beta blocker to help manage heart failure. What mechanism of action makes beta blockers useful in the treatment of this condition?
A.   Block Of βl receptors the AV node
B.   Block of renal β1 receptors
C.   Block of vascular βI receptors
D.   Block of cardiac β2 receptors
Question #14
What is happening to ion diffusion across cardiomyocytes during the plateau phase of an action potential?
A.   Potassium efflux only
B.   Calcium influx and potassium efflux
C.   Sodium influx
D.   Calcium influx only
Question #15
A 59-year-old male patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure was prescribed digoxin. What mechanism of digoxin that is useful for the treatment of his arrhythmia is also responsible for adverse effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and blurry vision?
A.   Beta-2 receptor activation
B.   Decreased parasympathetic activity
C.   Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATP-ase
D.   M2 receptor block

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