Phar 642 - Principles of Drug Action » Spring 2022 » iRat 07

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Question #1
What segment of the nephron reabsorbs water but not salt?
A.   Distal convoluted tubule
B.   Ascending loop of Henle
C.   Descending loop of Henle
D.   Proximal convoluted tubule
Question #2
What hormone is directly responsible for the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct?
A.   Aldosterone
B.   Angiotensin I
C.   Vasopressin
D.   Renin
Question #3
What scenario would involve subsequent sympathetic nervous system activation?
A.   Increased blood pressure
B.   Increased heart rate
C.   Decreased blood volume
D.   Decreased nitric oxide
Question #4
A 49-year-old female patient was prescribed losartan to manage her hypertension. What molecular mechanism most likely contributes to the beneficial effect of this drug in the treatment of hypertension?
A.   Na/KJCI co-transporter antagonism
B.   Na/CI symporter antagonism
C.   Angiotensin Il receptor block
D.   Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme
Question #5
A 53-year-old male patient started medication to treat hypertension a month ago. He recently started complaining of a dry cough. What antihypertensive drug is most likely responsible for the patient's cough?
A.   Hydralazine
B.   Nifedipine
C.   Losartan
D.   Lisinopril
Question #6
What type of antihypertensive drug is least likely to cause reflex tachycardia?
A.   Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
B.   Loop-diuretic
C.   Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
D.   Alpha-I adrenergic receptor antagonist
Question #7
What activates or is activated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
A.   Activation of atrial natriuretic peptide
B.   Activation of angiotensin converting enzyme
C.   Increased glomerular filtration rate
D.   Decreased renin secretion
Question #8
A 55-year-old male patient was prescribed a class Ill antiarrhythmic drug. What molecular mechanism is most likely responsible for the antiarrhythmic properties of this drug?
A.   Voltage gated sodium channel block
B.   Voltage gated potassium channel block
C.   Voltage gated calcium channel clock
D.   Beta adrenergic receptor block
Question #9
What drug exerts its antiarrhythmic effects primarily in pacemaker cells rather than cardiomyocytes?
A.   Verapamil
B.   Procainamide
C.   Lidocaine
D.   Quinidine
Question #10
In addition to their primary mechanism, What Other molecular mechanism is Common to Class la antiarrhythmic drugs?
A.   Voltage gated potassium channel block
B.   Activation of muscarinic receptors
C.   Voltage gated calcium channel block
D.   Antagonism of beta-adrenergic receptors
Question #11
A 45-year-old male patient was prescribed a class II anthiarrhythmic drug to manage his concurrent hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. What effect will this drug have on his pacemaker actionpotentials?
A.   Shortened phase 1
B.   Shortened phase 3
C.   Prolonged phase 4
D.   Prolonged phase 2
Question #12
What type of mechanism responsible for cardiac arrhythmias involves action potentials traveling in the wrong direction?
A.   Conduction block
B.   Re-entry
C.   Triggered activity
D.   Altered automaticity
Question #13
A 63-year-old male patient was prescribed a beta blocker to help manage heart failure. What mechanism of action makes beta blockers useful in the treatment of this condition?
A.   Block of cardiac β2 receptors
B.   Block Of βl receptors the AV node
C.   Block of renal β1 receptors
D.   Block of vascular βI receptors
Question #14
What is happening to ion diffusion across cardiomyocytes during the plateau phase of an action potential?
A.   Calcium influx only
B.   Sodium influx
C.   Potassium efflux only
D.   Calcium influx and potassium efflux
Question #15
A 59-year-old male patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure was prescribed digoxin. What mechanism of digoxin that is useful for the treatment of his arrhythmia is also responsible for adverse effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and blurry vision?
A.   Decreased parasympathetic activity
B.   Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATP-ase
C.   Beta-2 receptor activation
D.   M2 receptor block

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