Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Spring 2022 » Exam 2 Nervous System and Special Senses
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Question #1
This is the site of communication between neurons.
A.
axon terminal
B.
cell body
C.
axon
D.
synapse
E.
dendrite
Question #2
The _____________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.
A.
dendrite
B.
synapse
C.
axon
D.
axon terminal
E.
cell body
Question #3
This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron.
A.
cell body
B.
synapse
C.
axon terminal
D.
dendrite
E.
axon
Question #4
These regions of a neuron are also referred to as terminal boutons.
A.
axon terminal
B.
cell body
C.
dendrite
D.
synapse
E.
axon
Question #5
Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location.
A.
cell body
B.
axon terminal
C.
axon
D.
dendrite
E.
synapse
Question #6
An axosomatic synapse occurs between the axon terminals of one neuron and the ________ of a proximal neuron.
A.
dendrite
B.
cell body
C.
synapse
D.
axon
E.
axon terminal
Question #7
This region of the neuron contains a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.
A.
axon terminal
B.
dendrite
C.
cell body
D.
synapse
Question #8
These regions of a neuron are characterized by numerous, short cytoplasmic extensions and are often referred to as receiving regions.
A.
cell body
B.
axon
C.
axon terminal
D.
dendrite
E.
synapse
Question #9
These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body.
A.
cell body
B.
axon terminal
C.
axon
D.
dendrite
E.
synapse
Question #10
This part of a neuron is a biosynthetic center and receptive region.
A.
dendrite
B.
cell body
C.
axon
D.
synapse
Question #11
This part of the neuron may have branching collaterals.
A.
dendrite
B.
synapse
C.
axon terminal
D.
cell body
E.
axon
Question #12
This region of a neuron contains chromatophilic substance or Nissl bodies.
A.
synapse
B.
axon
C.
axon terminal
D.
cell body
E.
dendrite
Question #13
This neuronal region transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.
A.
dendrite
B.
cell body
C.
synapse
D.
axon
E.
axon terminal
Question #14
A somatic motor neuron carries ________________________.
A.
information from the skin to the CNS.
B.
information, such as pain, from the viscera in the ventral cavity to the CNS.
C.
information that signals muscle contraction in the organs in the ventral cavity.
D.
motor commands to the skeletal musculature.
Question #15
Which of the following is NOT considered a special somatic sense?
A.
equilibrium
B.
pain
C.
hearing
D.
vision
Question #16
Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons?
A.
high metabolic rate
B.
inability to divide
C.
ability to survive without oxygen
D.
longevity
Question #17
The majority of neurons in the body are _____________________.
A.
pseudounipolar
B.
bipolar
C.
unipolar
D.
multipolar
Question #18
Which cells are the macrophages of the CNS?
A.
ependymal cells
B.
satellite cells
C.
microglial cells
D.
Schwann cells
Question #19
Interneurons are found ___________________________.
A.
only in the CNS.
B.
only in the PNS.
C.
only in the visceral nervous system.
D.
only in the autonomic nervous system.
Question #20
Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the CNS?
A.
microglial cells
B.
oligodendrocyctes
C.
astrocytes
D.
Schwann cells
Question #21
Which of the following is the correct sequence of a reflex arc?
A.
effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor
B.
receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
C.
integration center, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector
D.
receptor, motor neuron, integration center, effector, sensory neuron
Question #22
Which relatively rare type of neuron has two processes extending from opposite sides of the cell body?
A.
unipolar
B.
pseudounipolar
C.
bipolar
D.
multipolar
Question #23
These glial cells surround the cell bodies of sensory neurons within ganglia of the PNS.
A.
satellite cells
B.
astrocytes
C.
Schwann cells
D.
microglia
Question #24
Myelin on axons functions to _______________________________.
A.
speed the conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another
B.
store nutrients (fat) for use by the neurons.
C.
make the axons live longer.
D.
cover nodes of Ranvier.
Question #25
Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the PNS?
A.
astrocytes
B.
oligodendrocytes
C.
microglial cells
D.
Schwann cells
Question #26
Which of the following most immediately encases the smallest component of a nerve?
A.
perineurium
B.
epineurium
C.
endoneurium
D.
fascicle
Question #27
An axon collateral from one neuron that circles back and synapses with a previous neuron describes _____________________________.
A.
a reverberating circuit.
B.
a converging circuit.
C.
parallel processing.
D.
serial processing.
Question #28
The covering of a fascicle within a nerve is the __________________________.
A.
ectoneurium
B.
endoneurium
C.
perineurium
D.
epineurium
Question #29
The entire nerve is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheath called the _________________.
A.
epineurium
B.
perineurium
C.
ectoneurium
D.
endoneurium
Question #30
Cranial nerve used to stimulate facial sensation and chewing.
A.
XI Accesory
B.
V Trigeminal
C.
XII Hypoglossal
D.
X Vagus
E.
IX Glosopharyngeal
Question #31
Cranial nerve used to stimulate smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract, and heart rate.
A.
XII Hypoglossal
B.
XI Accesory
C.
X Vagus
D.
V Trigeminal
E.
IX Glosopharyngeal
Question #32
Cranial nerve used to control muscles of tongue.
A.
XI Accesory
B.
IX Glosopharyngeal
C.
XII Hypoglossal
D.
V Trigeminal
E.
X Vagus
Question #33
Cranial nerve used to control head movement (stimulating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius).
A.
X Vagus
B.
V Trigeminal
C.
IX Glosopharyngeal
D.
XI Accessory
E.
XII Hypoglossal
Question #34
Cranial nerve which stimulates voluntary movement of a muscle in the back of your throat called the stylopharyngeus used in swallowing.
A.
IX Glosopharyngeal
B.
XI Accesory
C.
XII Hypoglossal
D.
V Trigeminal
E.
X Vagus
Question #35
Cranial nerve involve hearing and balance and track linear and rotational movement of your head.
A.
XII Hypoglossal
B.
VIII Vestibulochoclear
C.
IV Trochlear
D.
VI Abducens
E.
VII Facial
Question #36
Cranial nerve that controls your superior oblique muscle. This is the muscle that’s responsible for downward, outward, and inward eye movements.
A.
IV Trochlear
B.
IX Glosopharyngeal
C.
X Vagus
D.
III Oculomotor
E.
II Optic nerve
Question #37
Cranial nerve that transmits sensory information to your brain regarding smells you encounter.
A.
I Olfactory
B.
V Trigeminal
C.
III Oculomotor
D.
VIII Vestibulochoclear
E.
XII Hypoglossal
Question #38
_________________ are sensitive to being touched, thus providing a warning that an object is near the eye.
A.
eyebrows
B.
iris
C.
eyelids
D.
conjunctiva
E.
eyelashes
Question #39
_______________ shade the eyes from sunlight.
A.
conjunctiva
B.
eyelashes
C.
eyebrows
D.
iris
E.
eyelids
Question #40
______________ is filled with blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye.
A.
choroid
B.
cornea
C.
sclera
D.
lens
E.
iris
Question #41
_________________ receives light that the lens has focused, convert the light into neural signals, and send these signals on to the brain for visual recognition.
A.
pupil
B.
retina
C.
optic nerve
D.
iris
E.
cornea
Question #42
Coat of the eye that acts as a tough protection from injury, and provides attachment for the extraocular muscles that move the eye.
A.
cornea
B.
iris
C.
optic nerve
D.
sclera
E.
vitreous humor
Question #43
The ____________ change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest.
A.
lens
B.
retina
C.
vitreous humor
D.
iris
E.
pupil
Question #44
________________ transfers visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses.
A.
optic nerve
B.
iris
C.
sclera
D.
vitreous humor
E.
posterior segment
Question #45
The nerves that carry signals away from the central nervous system in order to initiate an action are called ________________.
A.
both afferent and efferent nerves
B.
afferent nerves
C.
efferent nerves
Question #46
_________________ responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.
A.
lens
B.
sclera
C.
iris
D.
choroid
E.
cornea
Question #47
Light enters the eye through the __________________.
A.
pupil
B.
C.
cornea
D.
iris
E.
lens
F.
optic nerve
Question #48
70% of the cerebral cortex is involved in processing visual information.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #49
What is the structure that helps the eye maintain its shape?
A.
sclera
B.
retina
C.
vitreous humor
D.
iris
E.
cornea
Question #50
The inner ear functions in __________________.
A.
both hearing and balance
B.
controling the pressure within the middle ear, making it equal with the air pressure outside the body.
C.
hearing
D.
balance
Question #51
The nerves responsible for sending information about stimuli to your central nervous system are called ____________.
A.
both afferent and efferent nerves
B.
afferent nerves
C.
efferent nerves
Question #52
The middle ear functions in _______________.
A.
balance
B.
both hearing and balance
C.
hearing
D.
transforming sound in neural message
Question #53
Transmits sound from the air to the ossicles in the middle ear.
A.
cochlea
B.
semicircular canals
C.
auditory tube
D.
tympanic membrane
E.
cochlear nerve
Question #54
The incus bone is also known as ____________.
A.
stirrup
B.
chisel
C.
anvil
D.
hammer
Question #55
The ___________ functions as an entryway for sound waves, which get propelled toward the tympanic membrane.
A.
cochlea
B.
auditory ossicles
C.
external acoustic meatus
D.
semicircular canals
E.
auditory tube
Question #56
________________ controls the pressure within the middle ear, making it equal with the air pressure outside the body.
A.
auditory tube
B.
auditory ossicles
C.
external acoustic meatus
D.
cochlea
E.
semicircular canals
Question #57
The auditory tube drains the middle ear and opens up into the nasopharynx. Since the two are connected an ear infection maybe turn into a sore throat or vice versa.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #58
The stapes bone is also known as the ____________.
A.
anvil
B.
hammer
C.
chisel
D.
stirrup
Question #59
Receptors for hearing are located in the __________________.
A.
cochlea
B.
tympanic membrane
C.
auditory tube
D.
semicircular canals
Question #60
The _____________is the boundary between the external and middle ear.
A.
tympanic membrane
B.
semicircular canals
C.
auditory tube
D.
cochlea
Question #61
The malleus bone is also known as the __________________.
A.
chisel
B.
hammer
C.
anvil
D.
stirrup
Question #62
The ________________ links the middle ear and pharynx.
A.
cochlea
B.
semicircular canals
C.
pharyngotympanic tube
D.
tympanic membrane
E.
cochlear nerve
Question #63
The ___________ helps to funnel sound into the ears better.
A.
Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
B.
lobule
C.
tympanic membrane
D.
auricle (pinna)
E.
external acoustic meatus
Question #64
Which of the structures below provide a sense of directional balance?
A.
tympanic membrane
B.
semicircular canals
C.
pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
D.
cochlea
E.
cochlear nerve
Question #65
The _________________ is one of three ossicles in the middle ear in contact with the tympanic membrane (eardrum) that transmit sound to the rest of ossicles and inner ear.
A.
malleus
B.
stapes
C.
incus
Question #66
Which of the following structures is not part of the inner ear?
A.
vestibule of the ear
B.
cochlea
C.
semicircular canals
D.
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Question #67
________________ collects sound waves and directs them into the ear.
A.
external acoustic meatus
B.
C.
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
D.
lobule
E.
pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
F.
auricle (pinna)
Question #68
The ear ossicles are the smallest bones in the human body.
A.
True
B.
False
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