A.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B.   Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

C.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D.   Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

A.   It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

B.   It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

C.   Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

D.   Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people's lives 

A.   Discontinuous 

B.   Continuous 

C.   Nature

D.   Nurture

A.   Stability- Plasticity

B.   Continous- discontinuous

C.   Nature-nurture 

D.   Social-cognitive

A.   Nurture 

B.   Early experiences

C.   Stages

D.   Nature

A.   Nurture

B.   Nature

C.   Stability 

D.   Stages

A.   Driven by early life experiences

B.   Having substantial plasticity 

C.   Mostly stable

D.   Mostly influenced by heredity

A.   Largely the result of heredity

B.   Multidirectional and multidimensional

C.   Static and stable

D.   Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

A.   The parental period 

B.   Early childhood

C.   Adolescence 

D.   No single age range period

A.   Plasticity 

B.   Resilience 

C.   Stamina

D.   Assimilation 

A.   Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

B.   Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

C.   Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

D.   Ari, a temperamental artist

A.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

B.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C.   History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

D.   History-graded influences are normative

A.   Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

B.   Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

C.   Vocational success over family obligations

D.   The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

A.   Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

B.   Do not follow a predictable timetable

C.   Are typical or average

D.   Include age-graded and history-graded influences

A.   Psychoanalytic theory

B.   Theory of evolution

C.    Normative approach 

D.   Psychosocial theory

A.   Charles Darwin

B.   Benjamin Spock

C.   G. Stanley Hall

D.   Arnold Gesell

A.   Inspired Charles Darwin's research 

B.   Regarded development as a maturational process

C.   Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

D.   Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A.   Normative

B.   Psychometric

C.   Genetic

D.   Nonnormative

A.   Conduction child observations and parent interviews

B.   Writing the first parenting books 

C.   Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

D.    Launching the normative approach

A.   Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

B.   Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

C.   Actively explore the environment

D.   model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

A.   By carefully observing his own children

B.   On the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events 

C.   On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

D.   By conducting studies of animal behavior 

A.   Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

B.   Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

C.   Ignored personality development

D.   Applied in all cultures 

A.   Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation

B.   Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

C.   Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

D.   viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

A.   its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

B.   the ease of empirically testing its ideas

C.   Its use of a wide variety of research methods

D.   the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

A.   Behaviorism 

B.   Cognitive- Developmental

C.   Psychosocial

D.   Psychosexual 

A.   Research methods

B.   Theories

C.   Hypothesis

D.   Research designs 

A.   Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

B.   Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

C.   Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

D.   Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

A.   Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B.   Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

C.   Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

D.   Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

A.   It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B.   It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

C.   it tells more about the participants' reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

D.   Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

A.   Structured observation

B.   Naturalistic observation

C.   Self-report

D.   Naturalistic observation

A.   Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

B.   Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C.   Makes comparing individuals' responses very easy 

D.   Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A.   Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B.   Does not reveal depth of information

C.   May not result in accurate reporting of information 

D.   Only provides a small amount of information

A.   A different set of questions for each participant

B.   Questions in a large group of participants

C.   The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

D.   Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A.   Structured interview

B.   Clinical interview 

C.   Naturalistic observation

D.   Clinical interview 

A.   More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

B.   More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

C.   More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D.    The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

A.   Observational, experimental

B.   Observational, correlational 

C.   Variable, observational 

D.   Correlational, experimental 

A.   Variable

B.   Observational 

C.   Experimental 

D.   Correlational 

A.   Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

B.   Age-related changes may be distorted 

C.   Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D.   Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

A.   The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

B.   A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

C.   The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

D.   A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

A.   Correlational 

B.   Structural 

C.   Experimental

D.   Observational 

A.   Correlation coefficient 

B.   Dependent variable 

C.   Control group

D.   Independent variable 

A.   Random

B.   Sequential

C.   Correlational

D.   Systematic 

A.   Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

B.   Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

C.   Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

D.   Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

A.   Correlational

B.   Experimental 

C.   Cross-sectional 

D.   Longitudinal 

A.   Correctional

B.    Sequential 

C.   Longitudinal 

D.   Cross- sectional 

A.   Cohort effects

B.   Random assignment 

C.   Practice effects 

D.   Biased sampling 

A.   Sequential 

B.   Longitudinal 

C.   Correlational

D.   Cross-sectional 

A.   The same grow

B.   Participants over the same ages but in different years

C.   Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D.   Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

A.   Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

B.   Participants of the same age at the same point in time

C.   The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D.   Participants over the same ages but in different years