A.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C.   Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

D.   Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

A.   Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people's lives 

B.   Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

C.   It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

D.   It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

A.   Nature

B.   Discontinuous 

C.   Nurture

D.   Continuous 

A.   Nature-nurture 

B.   Stability- Plasticity

C.   Social-cognitive

D.   Continous- discontinuous

A.   Nature

B.   Nurture 

C.   Stages

D.   Early experiences

A.   Nurture

B.   Stages

C.   Stability 

D.   Nature

A.   Driven by early life experiences

B.   Mostly influenced by heredity

C.   Mostly stable

D.   Having substantial plasticity 

A.   Largely the result of heredity

B.   Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

C.   Multidirectional and multidimensional

D.   Static and stable

A.   No single age range period

B.   Adolescence 

C.   Early childhood

D.   The parental period 

A.   Resilience 

B.   Stamina

C.   Plasticity 

D.   Assimilation 

A.   Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B.   Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

C.   Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

D.   Ari, a temperamental artist

A.   History-graded influences are normative

B.   History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

C.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A.   Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

B.   Vocational success over family obligations

C.   The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

D.   Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

A.   Include age-graded and history-graded influences

B.   Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

C.   Do not follow a predictable timetable

D.   Are typical or average

A.    Normative approach 

B.   Theory of evolution

C.   Psychosocial theory

D.   Psychoanalytic theory

A.   Charles Darwin

B.   Benjamin Spock

C.   Arnold Gesell

D.   G. Stanley Hall

A.   Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

B.   Regarded development as a maturational process

C.   Inspired Charles Darwin's research 

D.   Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A.   Normative

B.   Nonnormative

C.   Psychometric

D.   Genetic

A.    Launching the normative approach

B.   Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

C.   Conduction child observations and parent interviews

D.   Writing the first parenting books 

A.   model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

B.   Actively explore the environment

C.   Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

D.   Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

A.   By conducting studies of animal behavior 

B.   On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

C.   On the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events 

D.   By carefully observing his own children

A.   Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

B.   Ignored personality development

C.   Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

D.   Applied in all cultures 

A.   Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

B.   Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

C.   viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

D.   Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation

A.   the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

B.   Its use of a wide variety of research methods

C.   its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D.   the ease of empirically testing its ideas

A.   Behaviorism 

B.   Cognitive- Developmental

C.   Psychosexual 

D.   Psychosocial

A.   Theories

B.   Research methods

C.   Research designs 

D.   Hypothesis

A.   Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

B.   Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

C.   Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

D.   Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

A.   Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

B.   Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

C.   Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

D.   Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

A.   It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B.   it tells more about the participants' reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

C.   Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

D.   It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

A.   Self-report

B.   Naturalistic observation

C.   Naturalistic observation

D.   Structured observation

A.   Makes comparing individuals' responses very easy 

B.   Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C.   Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

D.   Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

A.   Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

B.   May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C.   Does not reveal depth of information

D.   Only provides a small amount of information

A.   The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

B.   A different set of questions for each participant

C.   Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

D.   Questions in a large group of participants

A.   Clinical interview 

B.   Naturalistic observation

C.   Clinical interview 

D.   Structured interview

A.   More likely that their age mates to have early sex

B.   More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

C.   More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

D.    The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

A.   Correlational, experimental 

B.   Variable, observational 

C.   Observational, experimental

D.   Observational, correlational 

A.   Experimental 

B.   Variable

C.   Correlational 

D.   Observational 

A.   Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

B.   Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

C.   Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

D.   Age-related changes may be distorted 

A.   A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

B.   The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

C.   A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

D.   The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

A.   Correlational 

B.   Experimental

C.   Observational 

D.   Structural 

A.   Control group

B.   Correlation coefficient 

C.   Independent variable 

D.   Dependent variable 

A.   Sequential

B.   Correlational

C.   Random

D.   Systematic 

A.   Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

B.   Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C.   Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

D.   Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

A.   Cross-sectional 

B.   Correlational

C.   Longitudinal 

D.   Experimental 

A.   Correctional

B.   Longitudinal 

C.   Cross- sectional 

D.    Sequential 

A.   Biased sampling 

B.   Practice effects 

C.   Cohort effects

D.   Random assignment 

A.   Longitudinal 

B.   Sequential 

C.   Correlational

D.   Cross-sectional 

A.   Participants over the same ages but in different years

B.   The same grow

C.   Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

D.   Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

A.   The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B.   Participants over the same ages but in different years

C.   Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

D.   Participants of the same age at the same point in time