A.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B.   Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

C.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

D.   Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

A.   Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people's lives 

B.   Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

C.   It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

D.   It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

A.   Nurture

B.   Continuous 

C.   Nature

D.   Discontinuous 

A.   Continous- discontinuous

B.   Stability- Plasticity

C.   Nature-nurture 

D.   Social-cognitive

A.   Stages

B.   Early experiences

C.   Nurture 

D.   Nature

A.   Stages

B.   Stability 

C.   Nurture

D.   Nature

A.   Mostly influenced by heredity

B.   Mostly stable

C.   Driven by early life experiences

D.   Having substantial plasticity 

A.   Multidirectional and multidimensional

B.   Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

C.   Static and stable

D.   Largely the result of heredity

A.   Early childhood

B.   The parental period 

C.   Adolescence 

D.   No single age range period

A.   Stamina

B.   Plasticity 

C.   Assimilation 

D.   Resilience 

A.   Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

B.   Ari, a temperamental artist

C.   Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

D.   Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

A.   History-graded influences are normative

B.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

C.   History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

D.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A.   Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

B.   Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

C.   The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

D.   Vocational success over family obligations

A.   Are typical or average

B.   Do not follow a predictable timetable

C.   Include age-graded and history-graded influences

D.   Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

A.    Normative approach 

B.   Theory of evolution

C.   Psychosocial theory

D.   Psychoanalytic theory

A.   Charles Darwin

B.   Benjamin Spock

C.   Arnold Gesell

D.   G. Stanley Hall

A.   Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

B.   Regarded development as a maturational process

C.   Inspired Charles Darwin's research 

D.   Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

A.   Genetic

B.   Nonnormative

C.   Normative

D.   Psychometric

A.   Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

B.    Launching the normative approach

C.   Conduction child observations and parent interviews

D.   Writing the first parenting books 

A.   Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

B.   Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

C.   model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

D.   Actively explore the environment

A.   By carefully observing his own children

B.   On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

C.   On the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events 

D.   By conducting studies of animal behavior 

A.   Ignored personality development

B.   Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

C.   Applied in all cultures 

D.   Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

A.   viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

B.   Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

C.   Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation

D.   Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

A.   Its use of a wide variety of research methods

B.   its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

C.   the ease of empirically testing its ideas

D.   the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

A.   Cognitive- Developmental

B.   Behaviorism 

C.   Psychosexual 

D.   Psychosocial

A.   Hypothesis

B.   Research methods

C.   Theories

D.   Research designs 

A.   Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

B.   Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

C.   Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

D.   Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

A.   Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

B.   Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

C.   Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

D.   Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

A.   It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

B.   Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

C.   It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

D.   it tells more about the participants' reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

A.   Naturalistic observation

B.   Self-report

C.   Naturalistic observation

D.   Structured observation

A.   Makes comparing individuals' responses very easy 

B.   Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

C.   Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

D.   Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

A.   May not result in accurate reporting of information 

B.   Does not reveal depth of information

C.   Only provides a small amount of information

D.   Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

A.   The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

B.   Questions in a large group of participants

C.   A different set of questions for each participant

D.   Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

A.   Clinical interview 

B.   Structured interview

C.   Clinical interview 

D.   Naturalistic observation

A.   More likely that their age mates to have early sex

B.   More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

C.    The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

D.   More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

A.   Observational, correlational 

B.   Variable, observational 

C.   Observational, experimental

D.   Correlational, experimental 

A.   Experimental 

B.   Correlational 

C.   Variable

D.   Observational 

A.   Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

B.   Age-related changes may be distorted 

C.   Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

D.   Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

A.   A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

B.   The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

C.   The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

D.   A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

A.   Experimental

B.   Structural 

C.   Correlational 

D.   Observational 

A.   Dependent variable 

B.   Independent variable 

C.   Correlation coefficient 

D.   Control group

A.   Correlational

B.   Sequential

C.   Random

D.   Systematic 

A.   Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

B.   Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

C.   Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

D.   Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

A.   Experimental 

B.   Cross-sectional 

C.   Longitudinal 

D.   Correlational

A.   Cross- sectional 

B.    Sequential 

C.   Correctional

D.   Longitudinal 

A.   Biased sampling 

B.   Random assignment 

C.   Cohort effects

D.   Practice effects 

A.   Longitudinal 

B.   Cross-sectional 

C.   Correlational

D.   Sequential 

A.   The same grow

B.   Participants over the same ages but in different years

C.   Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

D.   Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A.   Participants of the same age at the same point in time

B.   The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

C.   Participants over the same ages but in different years

D.   Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time