A.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

B.   Genetic factors that contribute to longevity

C.   Those factors that lead to abnormal development in children and adolescents 

D.   Those factors that influence consistencies and transformations in people from conception to death.

A.   It is motivated largely by scientific curiosity 

B.   It deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan

C.   Findings are used for practical purposes to improve people's lives 

D.   Investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects

A.   Discontinuous 

B.   Continuous 

C.   Nurture

D.   Nature

A.   Continous- discontinuous

B.   Stability- Plasticity

C.   Nature-nurture 

D.   Social-cognitive

A.   Stages

B.   Nature

C.   Early experiences

D.   Nurture 

A.   Stages

B.   Stability 

C.   Nurture

D.   Nature

A.   Mostly influenced by heredity

B.   Driven by early life experiences

C.   Mostly stable

D.   Having substantial plasticity 

A.   Multidirectional and multidimensional

B.   Static and stable

C.   Largely the result of heredity

D.   Continuous, rather than discontinuous 

A.   No single age range period

B.   Early childhood

C.   Adolescence 

D.   The parental period 

A.   Resilience 

B.   Assimilation 

C.   Stamina

D.   Plasticity 

A.   Ari, a temperamental artist

B.   Jack, a highly intelligent athlete

C.   Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child

D.   Ana, a child who has no strong bond with an adult

A.   History- graded influences are fairly predictable as to when they occur

B.   History-graded influences are normative

C.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

D.   Age-graded influences become more powerful with age

A.   Marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities 

B.   The search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility 

C.   Vocational success over family obligations

D.   Political aspirations, financial wealth and personal achievements

A.   Include age-graded and history-graded influences

B.   Are typical or average

C.   Do not follow a predictable timetable

D.   Affect large numbers of people in a similar way

A.   Psychosocial theory

B.   Theory of evolution

C.   Psychoanalytic theory

D.    Normative approach 

A.   G. Stanley Hall

B.   Arnold Gesell

C.   Benjamin Spock

D.   Charles Darwin

A.   Were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory

B.   Regarded development as a maturational process

C.   Constructed the first standardized intelligence test

D.   Inspired Charles Darwin's research 

A.   Nonnormative

B.   Normative

C.   Genetic

D.   Psychometric

A.   Writing the first parenting books 

B.   Conduction child observations and parent interviews

C.   Constructing the first successfully intelligence test

D.    Launching the normative approach

A.   Actively explore the environment

B.   model the behavior of parents and other caregivers 

C.   Confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations 

D.   Acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills

A.   By conducting studies of animal behavior 

B.   By carefully observing his own children

C.   On the basis of his adult patients' memories of painful childhood events 

D.   On the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents 

A.   Was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development

B.   Applied in all cultures 

C.   Was eventually criticized because it underemphasized the influence of sexual feelings in development

D.   Ignored personality development

A.   Pointed out the normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation

B.   viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development 

C.   Minimized the role of culture in individual development 

D.   Primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences

A.   the ease of empirically testing its ideas

B.   the clarity of the concept of ego functioning

C.   its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history

D.   Its use of a wide variety of research methods

A.   Psychosexual 

B.   Cognitive- Developmental

C.   Behaviorism 

D.   Psychosocial

A.   Theories

B.   Research designs 

C.   Hypothesis

D.   Research methods

A.   Uses a flexible, conversational style to probe for the participants point of view 

B.   Asks each participant the same set of questions in the same way

C.   Goes into the field and records the behavior of interest 

D.   Sets up a laboratory situation that evokes the behavior of interest

A.   Allows researchers to see directly the behavior of interest as it occurs in everyday setting 

B.   Permits participants to display their thoughts in terms that are so close as possible to the way they think in everyday life

C.   Yields richly detailed narratives that offer valuable insight into the many factors that affect development 

D.   Is useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life.

A.   Not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life

B.   It does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life

C.   it tells more about the participants' reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior 

D.   It may not result in accurate reporting of information 

A.   Naturalistic observation

B.   Structured observation

C.   Self-report

D.   Naturalistic observation

A.   Can provide a large amount of information in a fairly brief period

B.   Allows researchers to see the behavior of interest as it occurs in natural setting

C.   Is directed toward understanding a culture or distinct social group 

D.   Makes comparing individuals' responses very easy 

A.   Does not reveal depth of information

B.   May not result in accurate reporting of information 

C.   Does not reflect the way participants think in everyday life

D.   Only provides a small amount of information

A.   A different set of questions for each participant

B.   Questions in a large group of participants

C.   Only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions

D.   The same set of questions in the same way to each research participant 

A.   Clinical interview 

B.   Clinical interview 

C.   Structured interview

D.   Naturalistic observation

A.    The fastest growing sector of the U.S. youth population 

B.   More likely than their age mates to commit delinquent and violent acts

C.   More likely that their age mates to have early sex

D.   More likely than their age mates to miss school due to illness

A.   Correlational, experimental 

B.   Observational, experimental

C.   Variable, observational 

D.   Observational, correlational 

A.   Correlational 

B.   Experimental 

C.   Observational 

D.   Variable

A.   Researchers cannot replicate the studies 

B.   Researchers randomly assign participants and manipulate their experiences 

C.   Investigators cannot infer cause and effect

D.   Age-related changes may be distorted 

A.   The death of a spouse causes a decline in the surviving partners health

B.   A third variable, such as memory loss, causes a surviving partners decline in physical heath

C.   The death of a spouse is related to a decline in the surviving partners health 

D.   A decline in a surviving partners physical health can cause the death of a spouse

A.   Structural 

B.   Correlational 

C.   Observational 

D.   Experimental

A.   Control group

B.   Dependent variable 

C.   Correlation coefficient 

D.   Independent variable 

A.   Correlational

B.   Sequential

C.   Systematic 

D.   Random

A.   Researchers study participants over the same ages but in different years

B.   Participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older

C.   Researchers study groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time

D.   Researchers study participants of the same age at the same point in time

A.   Cross-sectional 

B.   Longitudinal 

C.   Experimental 

D.   Correlational

A.   Correctional

B.   Longitudinal 

C.    Sequential 

D.   Cross- sectional 

A.   Cohort effects

B.   Biased sampling 

C.   Practice effects 

D.   Random assignment 

A.   Sequential 

B.   Correlational

C.   Cross-sectional 

D.   Longitudinal 

A.   The same grow

B.   Groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time 

C.   Participants over the same ages but in different years

D.   Group of participants repeatedly at different ages

A.   The same group of participants repeatedly at different ages

B.   Participants over the same ages but in different years

C.   Groups of participants differencing in age at the same point in time 

D.   Participants of the same age at the same point in time