Psychology 200 - Research Methods for Psychology » Spring 2022 » Module 1 Exam

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Question #1
Kathy is writing a section of a research report in which she explains the possible reasons for results in her study and suggestions for practical applications of the research and future research ideas. Kathy is most likely to be writing the ________ section.
A.   results
B.   introduction
C.   dicussion
D.   method
Question #2
Participants volunteered for a study on "Attitudes toward television violence." However, they completed a survey on their own aggressive behavior. After the completion of the study, the researcher failed to inform the participants about the true purpose of the study. In this case, the researcher has failed to conduct a(n) ________.
A.   cost-benefit analysis
B.   evaluative study
C.   debriefing session
D.   simulation study
Question #3
The fabrication of data is known as ________.
A.   fraud
B.   assault
C.   plagiarism
D.   liason
Question #4
________ plagiarism is a form of plagiarism where the words are not directly copied without attribution, but the ideas are copied without attribution.
A.   Word-for-Word
B.   Detailed
C.   Substantial
D.   Paraphrasing
Question #5
The real purpose of the Milgram study was to study:
A.   the effects of electric shock
B.   obedience to authority
C.   memory and learning
D.   the effects of punishment
Question #6
Dr. Roussel conducts research to determine whether or not an after-school program improves school performance in fifth-grade children. Dr. Roussel is most likely engaged in ________.
A.   performance appraisal
B.   basic research
C.   theoretical research
D.   program evaluation
Question #7
Sasha decides to examine public records of crime rates to determine whether perpetrators committed property crimes at an earlier age in the 1940s than in the 1970s. According to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Sasha's research would be categorized as a(n) ________ research.
A.   minimal risk
B.   exempt
C.   maximum risk
D.   fraudulent
Question #8
A researcher's results should be considered fraudulent if:
A.   the researcher has used any form of survey to collect the data.
B.   participants were not debriefed after the completion of the study.
C.   the data has been changed in order to support the hypotheses.
D.   animals were used while conducting experiments for the research.
Question #9
Current ethical guidelines for both behavioral and medical researchers have their origins in the:
A.   Institutional Review Board
B.   Greek Myths
C.   Belmont Report
D.   Red Data Book
Question #10
Which of the following is an example of fraudulence?
A.   A newspaper publishes articles that did not have substantial authenticity.
B.   A manager is accused of sexual harassment by his secretary.
C.   Jimmy is arrested by the police for robbing an old woman's house.
D.   Berta misplaces the money that her mother gave her as a loan.
Question #11
In the Milgram obedience experiment, participants were deceived about the hypothesis when they were told that the purpose of the experiment was to study:
A.   memory and learning
B.   blind obedience
C.   the effects of electric shock
D.   the effects of punishment
Question #12
Principle C of the APA Ethics Code focuses on ______.
A.   integrity
B.   justice
C.   beneficence
D.   responsibility
Question #13
Which of the following is a potential risk that a participant may face during a research experiment?
A.   Loss of responsibility
B.   Monetary loss
C.   Loss of confidentiality
D.   Statutory loss
Question #14
The examination of potential problems and benefits that are likely to result from a research is known as a ________ analysis.
A.   risk-benefit
B.   life-cycle cost
C.   SWOT
D.   cost-benefit
Question #15
Which of the following behaviors does NOT represent plagiarism?
A.   Paraphrasing the actual words of another source without citation
B.   Including a personal idea or finding into one's own research
C.   Including a sentence that is copied without using quotation marks and a reference citation
D.   Representing another's work as one's own
Question #16
Which of the following best exemplifies deception?
A.   The participants disagree to fill in the informed consent form.
B.   The investigator withholds information that does not affect the decision to participate.
C.   The experimenter disguises the true purpose of a laboratory experiment.
D.   The researcher provides too much information about a study to the participants.
Question #17
Which section of a research article summarizes the hypothesis, the procedure, conclusions, and discussion usually in 120 words or less?
A.   The method section
B.   The bibliography
C.   The results section
D.   The abstract
Question #18
In which section of the research report would a researcher describe the practical application of an experiment's results?
A.   The introduction
B.   The results section
C.   The discussion section
D.   The method section
Question #19
In view of the existing tension between the police department and the citizens of Metropolis, the city council conducts a survey among the residents for suggestions on how to improve police-community relations. This example best illustrates ________ as a source of research ideas.
A.   past research works
B.   practical problems
C.   theories
D.   myths
Question #20
In which section of a research article would a researcher present the findings using statistical language?
A.   The bibliography
B.   The references section
C.   The method section
D.   The results section
Question #21
If the prediction "Participants who consume alcohol will score lower on a reaction time test than participants who do not consume alcohol" is confirmed, we can say the hypothesis is ________.
A.   unalterable
B.   supported
C.   tentative
D.   ambiguous
Question #22
Which one of the following statements would be appropriate for the method section of a research report?
A.   Past research shows that men generally talk more than women.
B.   For men, the average time spent talking was 10.7 minutes while for women the average was 7.4 minutes.
C.   Contrary to popular belief, in groups of mixed gender, men talk more than women, interrupt more than women, and are more likely to direct discussion topics.
D.   While three men and three women discussed an issue, an experimenter measured time spent talking by using a stopwatch.
Question #23
When an interesting discovery, such as Pavlov's phenomenon of classical conditioning, is a result of an accident or luck, this finding can be attributed to:
A.   inquisition
B.   purposeful research
C.   serendipity
D.   directive research
Question #24
Testing common sense ideas:
A.   never results in new knowledge
B.   should only be done if a theory has been developed
C.   is valuable because such notions often turn out to be incorrect
D.   is of little value because it consists of things we already know are true
Question #25
Which of the following statements is true of a theory?
A.   It is used to organize and explain specific facts.
B.   It is invariably the same as a hypothesis.
C.   It cannot be modified to account for new data.
D.   It can only be expressed as a mathematical formula.
Question #26
Which of the following statements is true of Google Scholar?
A.   It can be accessed only through Internet Explorer.
B.   It ranks a search output by the contents of an article along with its overall prominence.
C.   It is a paid service which requires an annual subscription.
D.   It includes content from published works solely in the field of psychology and related sciences.
Question #27
Which section of a research article includes a description of exactly how the study was designed and conducted?
A.   The discussion section
B.   The method section
C.   The introduction
D.   The results section
Question #28
A researcher designs a study to examine the relationship between gender and time spent talking in a group. According to the researcher, the outcome of the study is likely to be that males talk more than females in a gender-balanced group. The researcher's statement about the outcome of the study is an example of a:
A.   theory
B.   moral judgement
C.   research question
D.   prediction
Question #29
Which one of the following statements would be appropriate for the results section of a research report?
A.   Future research should examine the effect of attractiveness on judgments of criminal behavior.
B.   The difference between social desirability ratings of attractive versus unattractive individuals may be explained by the Cognitive Consistency Theory.
C.   The average social desirability rating for attractive individuals was 6.4; however, the average rating for unattractive individuals was 3.2.
D.   Past research suggests that differences exist in ratings of social desirability assigned to attractive versus unattractive individuals.
Question #30
A student conducts a literature search for articles about the relationship between right/left hand dominance and creativity. She finds an article that is directly relevant to her topic of research. Which of the following resources is she most likely to use to find a bibliography of articles relevant to the original article?
A.   PsycINFO
B.   Annual Review of Psychology
C.   Psychological Abstracts
D.   Social Science Citation Index
Question #31
A researcher poses the following question: "Does the breed of a dog determine its ability to learn complex interactive skills?" This question is an example of a(n):
A.   axiom
B.   forecast
C.   prediction
D.   hypothesis
Question #32
In which section of a research article would a reader find a description of what was done in the past and why the present study is being conducted?
A.   The introduction
B.   The results section
C.   The method section
D.   The abstract
Question #33
In which section of a research article is a reader most likely to find suggestions for possible practical applications of the research and for future research on the topic?
A.   The discussion section
B.   The method section
C.   The introduction
D.   The results section
Question #34
Google Scholar is a specialized search engine that allows one to ________.
A.   search for psychology related articles only
B.   search for biographies of authors alone
C.   locate published works on a particular topic on the entire Internet
D.   purchase a research paper or a scholarly journal for his or her own use
Question #35
When the results of an experiment are consistent with a prediction developed from a theory, we conclude that the theory is:
A.   neither supported nor challenged by the results.
B.   supported by the results.
C.   established as a fact and cannot be challenged.
D.   proven to be a hypothesis.
Question #36
Identify the primary role of reviewers involved in peer review.
A.   Providing an objective set of rules for reporting information
B.   Recommending whether a study should be published or not
C.   Making scientific evidence obtainable
D.   Providing an objective set of rules for gathering and evaluating information
Question #37
Identify the first thing to be asked to a person who claims to be a scientist before accepting what he or she has to say.
A.   Reputation of the institution represented by the individual
B.   Methods of study used by the researcher
C.   Researcher's funding source
D.   Credentials of the individual
Question #38
According to Goodstein, which characteristic of scientific enquiry emphasizes that scientists make observations that are accurately reported to other scientists who will follow up on the findings by conducting research that replicates and extends these observations.
A.   Science is adversarial.
B.   Scientists are not alone.
C.   Data play a central role.
D.   Scientific evidence is peer reviewed.
Question #39
Which of the following is true of applied research?
A.   It is of value only if the results are published.
B.   It is designed to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior.
C.   It is often guided by the findings of basic research.
D.   It is considered more valuable than basic research.
Question #40
Which of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study?
A.   "The influence of a food reward on maze running behavior in kittens"
B.   "Cognitive factors influencing logical reasoning"
C.   "Increasing recycling of styrofoam containers: A test at an amusement park"
D.   "Measurement of reaction times to different colored lights"
Question #41
Which of the following is the first goal of behavioral science?
A.   Predicting behavior
B.   Determining the causes of behavior
C.   Describing behavior
D.   Understanding behavior
Question #42
The distinction between basic research and applied research is that basic research:
A.   focuses on fundamental questions, often of a theoretical nature, whereas applied research focuses on identifying and resolving practical problems.
B.   relies on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology, whereas applied research relies on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology.
C.   relies on the social sciences such as psychology or sociology, whereas applied research relies on the fundamental sciences such as chemistry or biology.
D.   focuses on identifying and resolving practical problems, whereas applied research focuses on fundamental questions, often of a theoretical nature.
Question #43
________ is a cognitive bias that occurs when a person focuses on two events that stand out and occur together.
A.   Illusory correlation
B.   Temporal precedence
C.   Falsifiability
D.   Skepticism

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