Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2016 » Chapter 7 Quiz

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Question #1
The years from 2-6 are often called "the _______ years"
A.   Play
B.   Thinking
C.   Growth
D.   Difficult 
Question #2
Young children in homes with ______ are at increased risk for decayed teeth 
A.   Pets
B.   Lead Paint 
C.   Regular smokers
D.   Multiple caregivers
Question #3
During early childhood _____ skills increase at an astonishing pace 
A.   Drawing
B.   Map reading
C.   Shape recognition 
D.   Language
Question #4
Which of the following statements about handedness is true?
A.   The brains of right-handers then to be less strongly lateralized than those of right-handers
B.   Prenatal events have little to no effect on handedness
C.   Left handed people have a strong tendency to have left handed children
D.   For right-handed people language is housed in the left hemisphere
Question #5
Connections between the cerebellum and cereal cortex
A.   Contribute to spatial skills
B.   Contribute to artistic ability 
C.   Support social and emotional development
D.   Support motor coordination and thinking
Question #6
The reticular formation 
A.   Is a large bundle of fibers connecting the two cerebral hemisphere
B.   Aids in balance and control of body movement 
C.   Maintains alertness and consciousness 
D.   Plays a vital role in memory and in image of space that helps us find our way 
Question #7
The hippocampus 
A.    Contributes to dramatic gains in motor coordination
B.   Supports smooth coordination in movements on both sides of the body
C.   Plays a vital role in memory and in image of space that helps us find our way
D.   Aids in balance and control of body movement
Question #8
Children who lack ______ reach an average mature height of only 4 to 4 1/2 feet
A.   Estrogen
B.    Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C.   Thyroxine
D.   Growth hormone (GH)
Question #9
Priya was born with a deficiency of thyroxine. She did not receive prompt treatment. Priya is most likely 
A.   Inattentive and unruly 
B.   Extremely tall for her age
C.   Strong in spatial relationship skills
D.   Mentally retarded 
Question #10
Because of their activity level _____ are more likely to be injured than ____
A.   Underactive children, overactive children
B.   Girls, boys
C.   Shy children, outgoing children 
D.   Boys, girls
Question #11
Which of the following statements is supported by research on sex differences in motor skills?
A.   In early childhood, girls have a slight edge over boy in skills that emphasize force and power 
B.   Parents tend to foster gender stereotyped physical activities in their children 
C.   Sex difference in motor skills are largely due to genetically based differences
D.   Preschoolers exposed to formal lessons tend to be advanced in gross-motor development 
Question #12
Piaget believed that ______ leads to internal images of experience, which children than label with words
A.   Imagination 
B.   Intentional behavior 
C.   Sensorimotor activity 
D.   Role playing
Question #13
A researcher hands 20-month old Andrea a cup. Based on her age, Andrea will most likely 
A.   Pretend that the cup is a rocket
B.   Pretend to drink from the cup
C.   Use the cup as a chair for her doll
D.   Use the cup as a hat
Question #14
Which of the following preschoolers is the most likely to be seen as more socially competent by teachers
A.   Rajesh, who spends more of his time with building blocks 
B.   Tim, who spends more of his time in the art corner
C.   Kendra, who spends more of her time with sociodramatic play
D.   Sasha, who spends more of her time in the reading corner
Question #15
Janelle pretends that a cup is a hat. Janelle grasps the concept of 
A.   Animistic thinking 
B.   Irreversibility
C.   Dual Representation
D.   Egocentrism
Question #16
Three-year old Abah refuses to leave his stuffed elephant at home. He explains, "She feels scared because she is alone" Abah is using
A.   Egocentrism
B.   Animistic thinking
C.   Dual representation
D.   Conservation 
Question #17
Conservation refers to the 
A.   Failure to distinguish others symbolic viewpoints from one's own 
B.   Inability to mentally go through a series of steps and then reverse direction, returning to the starting point
C.   Believe that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions 
D.   Idea that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes
Question #18
In the classic Piagetian conservation tasks using liquid, Jabar focuses on the heights of the water, failing to realize that changes in width compensate for changes in height. Jabar's thinking is characterized by
A.   Dynamic transformation
B.   Irreversibility
C.   Centration 
D.   Magical thinking
Question #19
Follow up research indicates that preschooler's notions of magic are
A.   Rare
B.   Flexible and appropriate
C.   Almost nonexistent by age 4
D.   Exaggerated by their love of storytelling
Question #20
When children ask questions, parents 
A.   Adjust the complexity of their answers to fit their children's maturity 
B.   Should respond with "mechanism" explanations
C.   Should respond with "prior cause" explanations
D.   Rarely respond informatively, unless the children are extremely persistent 
Question #21
Follow-up research indicates that
A.   Piaget was partly right and partly wrong about young children's cognitive 
B.   When given simplified tasks based on familiar experiences, preschoolers rely on trial and error to solve problems 
C.   Preschoolers rely on faulty logic to solve problems even when given simplified tasks based on familiar experiences
D.   When given simplified tasks based on familiar experiences, preschoolers rely on trial and error to solve problems 
Question #22
Vgotsky saw _____ as the foundation for all higher cognitive processes
A.   Sensorimotor activity 
B.   Language
C.   Egocentrism 
D.   Self-reflection
Question #23
According to Vygotsky, children speak to themselves 
A.   For self-guidance 
B.   For the pleasure of hearing language 
C.   Because they are egocentric
D.   Because they are lonely
Question #24
Children directed speech is now called _____ speech
A.   egocentric
B.   Inner
C.   Telegraphic 
D.   Private
Question #25
A color-matching activity is within Zelda's zone of proximal development. In order to complete the task, Zelda will need
A.   To have a firm understanding of conservation
B.   Step-by-step instructions from an adult or older child
C.   Realistic props
D.   Realistic props
Question #26
Mary is helping her son, Dean, put together a difficult, but manageable, puzzle. When Dean tries to insert a piece in the wrong place a few times, Mary points to the bottom of the puzzle and says, "Does it go down here?" Mary is engaging in
A.   Scaffolding
B.   Proximal teaching
C.   Dual representation 
D.   Transitive inference
Question #27
Vgotsky saw ______ play as the ideal social contact for fostering cognitive development in early childhood 
A.   Make-believe
B.   Parallel
C.   Cooperative
D.   Outdoor
Question #28
Ignacio lives in a remote Mayan village in Yucatan, Mexico. Ignacio does not rely on conservation and play to teach his children. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?
A.   Ignacio's young children spend most of their time playing with and talking to age mates
B.   Ignacio's children spend their day in contact with adult work and start to assume mature responsibilities in early childhood
C.    Ignacio is too busy working and maintaining his household to interact with his children
D.   Ignacio instead focuses on preparing his children for academic success and civic Engagement 
Question #29
Five-year-old Sebastian is becoming better at thinking out a sequence of act ahead of time and allocating his attention accordingly to reach a goal. Sebastian is developing _____ skills
A.   Recall
B.   Planning
C.   Centration
D.   Reversibility
Question #30
Dr. Frolicker shows a group of 4 year olds a set of 10 items on a tray. She then mixes them up with some unfamiliar items and asks the children to point to the ones in the original set Dr. Frolicker is testing 
A.   Recognition memory
B.   Recall memory 
C.   Sustained attention
D.   Episodic memory
Question #31
Asking a child to remember 10 items that she was shown in an activity, without providing any perceptual support requires her to use which type of memory?
A.   Episodic
B.   Planning
C.   Recall
D.   Recognition
Question #32
Improvement in recall in early childhood is strongly associated with 
A.   Use of scripts
B.   Gross motor development
C.   Use of scaffolding 
D.   Language development
Question #33
After a field trip to the farm, Ms. Parks wants to elicit the children's autobiographical narratives. She asks each child she calls on, "Do you remember the farm? What did we do at the farm?" Ms. Parks is using a/n style of questioning 
A.   Metacognitive 
B.   Episodic
C.   Elaborative 
D.   Repetitive 
Question #34
Theory of mind involves 
A.   Using deliberate mental activités that improve recall
B.   Thinking about thought
C.   Using scripts to tell stories 
D.   Using a repetitive communication style 
Question #35
Zachary, age 3, has autism. Zachary probably _______ often ______ than typically developing age mates 
A.   More; imitates an adults novel behaviors
B.   More; engages in social referencing 
C.   Less; uses words to echo what others say
D.   Less; establishes joint attention
Question #36
_______ is the ability to reflect on an manipulate the sound structure of spoken language 
A.   Phonological awareness
B.   Private speech
C.   Ordinality 
D.   Cardinality
Question #37
Alan and Marla are considering whether to send their son to a child-centered preschool or an academic preschool. You should advise them that compared to children in academic preschools, children in child- centered preschools 
A.   Demonstrate better social skills
B.   Have difficulty adjusting to academic tasks once they enter kindergarten 
C.   Participate in more teacher-structured activities
D.   Are often delayed in social skills 
Question #38
A central component of Montessori education is 
A.   Teacher- planned
B.   Child- chosen activities 
C.   Formal training in reading and writing 
D.   Repetition and drill
Question #39
_______ is central to the Head Start philosophy 
A.   Child- chosen activity 
B.   Parent involvement
C.   Decentration
D.   Guided participation
Question #40
Three year old Reagan says, "i losted my dolly" Reagan is demonstrating 
A.   Underextension
B.   Underregularization
C.   Overregularization
D.   Overextension

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