Los Angeles Mission College » Psychology » Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2016

Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2016 » Chapter 8 Quiz

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Question #1

According to Erikson, once children have a sense of autonomy, they

A. Become hesitant to try new things

B. Have a new sense of purposefulness

C. Achieve the psychological conflict of the preschool years

D. Become less contrary than they were as toddlers

Question #2

According to Erikson's theory, children best learn to cooperate to achieve goal through

A. Play

B. Modeling

C. Scaffolding

D. Discipline

Question #3

According to Erikson, preschoolers' exuberant play and bold efforts to master new tasks break down when they

A. Identify too closely with the same-sex parent

B. Are threatened, criticized, and punished excessively by adults

C. Have an overly lenient superego

D. Identify to closely with other-sex parent

Question #4

When asked "Tell me about yourself," which of the following is 3-year-old Riley the most likely to say?

A. "I am shy"

B. "I am friendly"

C. "I am cheerful"

D. "I have new blue shoes"

Question #5

In observational research on Irish-American families in Chicago and Chinese families in Taiwan

A. Chinese parents rarely told their preschoolers stories about children's transgressions

B. Chinese parents told stories stressing the impact of the child's misdeeds on others

C. Irish-American parents told stories interpreting the child's misbehavior as a negative act

D. Irish-American parents told their preschoolers stories about the child's misdeeds

Question #6

The attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that we believe define ourselves comprise our ________, whereas the judgments we make about our worth and the feelings associated with those judgements are our ______.

A. Self-concept, identify

B. Self-concept, self-esteem

C. Self-esteem, self-concept

D. Identity, self-concept

Question #7

Between ages 2 and 6

A. Preschoolers focus less intently on qualities that make them unique

B. The ego begins to cause children to feel guilt

C. Self-esteem develops from repeated experiences with failure

D. Emotional self-regulation improves

Question #8

The more parents ______, the more "emotion words" children use and the better developed their emotional understanding.

A. Expect their children to behave like adults

B. Label their children's successes and failures and point out when their children make errors

C. Label emotions, explain them, and express warmth and enthusiasm when conversing with preschoolers

D. Encourage peer sociability and demand that their children share with peers

Question #9

Warm parents who _____ strengthen children's capacity to handle stress.

A. Explain strategies for controlling feelings

B. Rarely express emotion

C. React boldly when angry or frustrated

D. Label children's feelings as overemotional

Question #10

As the ability to take another's perspective improves,

A. The tendency to focus on ones own anxiety increases

B. Empathic responding increases

C. Children rely less on words to convey empathic feelings

D. Sympathetic feelings decrease

Question #11

Four-year-old Harry has parents who show sensitive, empathic concern for his feelings. When another child is unhappy, Harry is likely to respond with

A. Anxiety and distress

B. Sympathetic concern

C. Fear and anger

D. Frowning and lip biting

Question #12

According to Mildred Parten's research on peer sociability, play develops in what sequence?

A. Nonsocial, parallel, cooperative, associative

B. Cooperative, parellel, nonsocial, associative

C. Associative, cooperative, parallel, nonsocial

D. Nonsocial, parallel, associative, cooperative

Question #13

Parents should be concerned if their preschooler engages in more parallel play than nonsocial activity

A. More make-believe play than parallel play

B. Nonsocial functional play involving repetitive motor action

C. More solitary play than play with peers

D. More parallel play than nonsocial activity

Question #14

Preschoolers understand that a friend is someone who

A. Trusts you and who you trust

B. Likes you and shares toys

C. Will be in a relationship with you for a long time

D. Understands you and cares about you

Question #15

Roger wants to promote his preschool son's peer interaction skills. Which of the following is a particularly effective technique for Roger to try

A. Roger should arrange informal peer play activities

B. Roger should encourage his son to make his own play dates

C. Roger should encourage his son to play group sports

D. Roger should talk to his son about the values associated with friendship

Question #16

All theories of moral development recognize that conscience begins to take shape

A. At birth

B. Prenatally

C. In late childhood

D. In early childhood

Question #17

According to Freud, children

A. Obey the ego to avoid feelings of mistrust

B. Listen to the id to avoid shame and doubt

C. Listen to the id to avoid shame and doubt

D. Obey the superego to avoid guilt

Question #18

When parents use inductive discipline, they

A. Threaten to withdraw their love to motivate good behavior

B. Point out the effects of their child's misbehavior on others

C. Rely on rewards and punishment to shape their child's behavior

D. Model the behavior that they want their child to follow

Question #19

According to social learning theorists

A. Prosocial acts often occur spontaneously in early childhood

B. Morality is acquired through reinforcement and modeling

C. Children behave morally because they are capable of effortful control

D. Guilt is the only force that compels us to act morally

Question #20

Parents are most likely to use forceful methods of discipline when

A. Children are verbally aggressive towards others

B. Very serious transgression occur

C. They want to foster long-term goals

D. Immediate obedience is necessary

Question #21

Research on corporal punishment shows that african-american and Caucasian-American parents

A. Seem to mete out physical punishment differently

B. Consider physical punishment to be wrong

C. Are usually highly agitated when they use physical punishment

D. Culturally approve of physical discipline

Question #22

A growing number of studies confirm that playing violent video games

A. Increases the likelihood of aggressive children

B. Does not spark hostile behavior in nonaggression children

C. Impacts girls more than boys

D. Has a greater impact on teens than on preschool and young school-age children

Question #23

The V-chip

A. Violates the First Amendment right to free speech

B. Identifies violent TV and computer programs

C. Allows parents to block undesired TV programs

D. Remains optional for new television sets in the US

Question #24

The ______ perspective regards children as active thinkers about social rules.

A. Behaviorist

B. Cognitive- developmental

C. Social learning

D. Psychoanalytic

Question #25

Gender _____ refers to any association of objects, activities, roles, or traits with ones or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes

A. Selection

B. Identify

C. Typing

D. modeling

Question #26

Which of the following situation would most likely evoke a negative reaction from preschool peers?

A. A boy playing with a Barbie doll

B. A girl wearing overalls

C. A girl running in a race

D. A boy quietly looking at a book

Question #27

Research found that girls exposed prenatally to high levels of androgens showed a preference for

A. "ladylike" behavior

B. Quiet over active play

C. Girl playmates

D. Trucks and blocks over dolls

Question #28

Research on environmental influences on gender typing shows that

A. Girls are especially intolerant of "cross-gender" play in other girls

B. Preschoolers often engage in "cross-gender" activities at home but rarely do so in the presence of peers

C. Preschoolers play in mixed-gender groups more than they play in same-sex groups

D. When preschoolers engage in "cross-gender" activities, peers criticize them

Question #29

According to cognitive-development theory, ______ comes before _____ in the development of gender identity

A. Gender constancy; gender identity

B. Gender constancy; gender awareness

C. Self-perceptions, behavior

D. Behavior, self-perceptions

Question #30

Authoritative parents

A. Simply lack confidence in their ability to influence their child's behavior

B. Insist on mature behavior and give reason for their expectations

C. Exert control, yell, command, criticize, and threaten their children

D. Combine low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy

Question #31

Many permissive parents

A. Lack of confidence in their ability to influence their child's behavior

B. Are emotionally detached and depressed, with little time and energy for children

C. Insist on mature behavior and give reasons for their expectations

D. Exercise firm, reasonable control over their children

Question #32

______ sharply reduces child maltreatment

A. The use of anti-aggression medication

B. The use of anti-depression

C. Involvement with Child Protective Services

D. Providing social supports to families

Question #33

Over time, maltreated children show

A. Serious adjustment problems

B. Few long-term problems

C. Cognitive gains

D. Improved executive function

Question #34

The majority of abusive and neglectful parents

A. Lack "lifelines"

B. Hyperfocus on their children

C. Are skilled at establishing social relationships

D. Have developmental problems

Question #35

Whether a child is maltreated largely depends on

A. The parents' characteristics

B. The child's gender

C. Family size

D. The child's temperament

Question #36

Rates of physical and emotional abuse are

A. Higher for mothers than for fathers

B. Lower than rates of sexual abuse

C. Fairly similar for mothers and fathers

D. Higher for fathers than for mothers

Question #37

Which of the following statements about child maltreatment is true?

A. Child abuse is modern problem and is especially common in non-industrialized nations

B. Parents commit more than 80 percent of abusive incidents

C. Neglect includes ridicule, humiliation and intimidation

D. Nonparent relatives commit about 30 percent of abusive incidents

Question #38

Which of the following children is the most likely to evoke warm, constant discipline?

A. Bonny who is impulsive

B. Brigham, who has low self-esteem

C. Isabella, who is cooperative

D. Ryan, who is fearless

Question #39

Uninvolved parents

A. Promote maturity and adjustment in children of diverse temperaments

B. Are overindulgent

C. Engage in psychological control

D. Sometimes engage in neglect

Question #40

Emotionally detached parents with depression often have a _____ style of child rearing

A. Authoritarian

B. Permissive

C. Uninvolved

D. Authoritative

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