Los Angeles Mission College » Psychology » Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2016

Psychology 041 - Lifespan Psychology » Spring 2016 » Chapter 8 Quiz

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Question #1

According to Erikson, once children have a sense of autonomy, they

A. Achieve the psychological conflict of the preschool years

B. Have a new sense of purposefulness

C. Become hesitant to try new things

D. Become less contrary than they were as toddlers

Question #2

According to Erikson's theory, children best learn to cooperate to achieve goal through

A. Discipline

B. Scaffolding

C. Play

D. Modeling

Question #3

According to Erikson, preschoolers' exuberant play and bold efforts to master new tasks break down when they

A. Are threatened, criticized, and punished excessively by adults

B. Have an overly lenient superego

C. Identify to closely with other-sex parent

D. Identify too closely with the same-sex parent

Question #4

When asked "Tell me about yourself," which of the following is 3-year-old Riley the most likely to say?

A. "I am friendly"

B. "I am cheerful"

C. "I am shy"

D. "I have new blue shoes"

Question #5

In observational research on Irish-American families in Chicago and Chinese families in Taiwan

A. Irish-American parents told stories interpreting the child's misbehavior as a negative act

B. Chinese parents told stories stressing the impact of the child's misdeeds on others

C. Chinese parents rarely told their preschoolers stories about children's transgressions

D. Irish-American parents told their preschoolers stories about the child's misdeeds

Question #6

The attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that we believe define ourselves comprise our ________, whereas the judgments we make about our worth and the feelings associated with those judgements are our ______.

A. Self-esteem, self-concept

B. Self-concept, identify

C. Identity, self-concept

D. Self-concept, self-esteem

Question #7

Between ages 2 and 6

A. Preschoolers focus less intently on qualities that make them unique

B. The ego begins to cause children to feel guilt

C. Self-esteem develops from repeated experiences with failure

D. Emotional self-regulation improves

Question #8

The more parents ______, the more "emotion words" children use and the better developed their emotional understanding.

A. Encourage peer sociability and demand that their children share with peers

B. Label their children's successes and failures and point out when their children make errors

C. Label emotions, explain them, and express warmth and enthusiasm when conversing with preschoolers

D. Expect their children to behave like adults

Question #9

Warm parents who _____ strengthen children's capacity to handle stress.

A. Rarely express emotion

B. Label children's feelings as overemotional

C. React boldly when angry or frustrated

D. Explain strategies for controlling feelings

Question #10

As the ability to take another's perspective improves,

A. Sympathetic feelings decrease

B. Empathic responding increases

C. The tendency to focus on ones own anxiety increases

D. Children rely less on words to convey empathic feelings

Question #11

Four-year-old Harry has parents who show sensitive, empathic concern for his feelings. When another child is unhappy, Harry is likely to respond with

A. Anxiety and distress

B. Fear and anger

C. Frowning and lip biting

D. Sympathetic concern

Question #12

According to Mildred Parten's research on peer sociability, play develops in what sequence?

A. Cooperative, parellel, nonsocial, associative

B. Nonsocial, parallel, associative, cooperative

C. Associative, cooperative, parallel, nonsocial

D. Nonsocial, parallel, cooperative, associative

Question #13

Parents should be concerned if their preschooler engages in more parallel play than nonsocial activity

A. More make-believe play than parallel play

B. Nonsocial functional play involving repetitive motor action

C. More parallel play than nonsocial activity

D. More solitary play than play with peers

Question #14

Preschoolers understand that a friend is someone who

A. Will be in a relationship with you for a long time

B. Understands you and cares about you

C. Trusts you and who you trust

D. Likes you and shares toys

Question #15

Roger wants to promote his preschool son's peer interaction skills. Which of the following is a particularly effective technique for Roger to try

A. Roger should encourage his son to make his own play dates

B. Roger should talk to his son about the values associated with friendship

C. Roger should arrange informal peer play activities

D. Roger should encourage his son to play group sports

Question #16

All theories of moral development recognize that conscience begins to take shape

A. In late childhood

B. Prenatally

C. At birth

D. In early childhood

Question #17

According to Freud, children

A. Obey the superego to avoid guilt

B. Obey the ego to avoid feelings of mistrust

C. Listen to the id to avoid shame and doubt

D. Listen to the id to avoid shame and doubt

Question #18

When parents use inductive discipline, they

A. Threaten to withdraw their love to motivate good behavior

B. Rely on rewards and punishment to shape their child's behavior

C. Model the behavior that they want their child to follow

D. Point out the effects of their child's misbehavior on others

Question #19

According to social learning theorists

A. Prosocial acts often occur spontaneously in early childhood

B. Guilt is the only force that compels us to act morally

C. Morality is acquired through reinforcement and modeling

D. Children behave morally because they are capable of effortful control

Question #20

Parents are most likely to use forceful methods of discipline when

A. Immediate obedience is necessary

B. Very serious transgression occur

C. They want to foster long-term goals

D. Children are verbally aggressive towards others

Question #21

Research on corporal punishment shows that african-american and Caucasian-American parents

A. Are usually highly agitated when they use physical punishment

B. Consider physical punishment to be wrong

C. Culturally approve of physical discipline

D. Seem to mete out physical punishment differently

Question #22

A growing number of studies confirm that playing violent video games

A. Does not spark hostile behavior in nonaggression children

B. Increases the likelihood of aggressive children

C. Has a greater impact on teens than on preschool and young school-age children

D. Impacts girls more than boys

Question #23

The V-chip

A. Identifies violent TV and computer programs

B. Violates the First Amendment right to free speech

C. Allows parents to block undesired TV programs

D. Remains optional for new television sets in the US

Question #24

The ______ perspective regards children as active thinkers about social rules.

A. Cognitive- developmental

B. Psychoanalytic

C. Social learning

D. Behaviorist

Question #25

Gender _____ refers to any association of objects, activities, roles, or traits with ones or the other in ways that conform to cultural stereotypes

A. Selection

B. Typing

C. modeling

D. Identify

Question #26

Which of the following situation would most likely evoke a negative reaction from preschool peers?

A. A girl wearing overalls

B. A boy quietly looking at a book

C. A girl running in a race

D. A boy playing with a Barbie doll

Question #27

Research found that girls exposed prenatally to high levels of androgens showed a preference for

A. "ladylike" behavior

B. Quiet over active play

C. Trucks and blocks over dolls

D. Girl playmates

Question #28

Research on environmental influences on gender typing shows that

A. When preschoolers engage in "cross-gender" activities, peers criticize them

B. Girls are especially intolerant of "cross-gender" play in other girls

C. Preschoolers play in mixed-gender groups more than they play in same-sex groups

D. Preschoolers often engage in "cross-gender" activities at home but rarely do so in the presence of peers

Question #29

According to cognitive-development theory, ______ comes before _____ in the development of gender identity

A. Behavior, self-perceptions

B. Gender constancy; gender identity

C. Self-perceptions, behavior

D. Gender constancy; gender awareness

Question #30

Authoritative parents

A. Combine low acceptance and involvement with little control and general indifference to issues of autonomy

B. Simply lack confidence in their ability to influence their child's behavior

C. Exert control, yell, command, criticize, and threaten their children

D. Insist on mature behavior and give reason for their expectations

Question #31

Many permissive parents

A. Lack of confidence in their ability to influence their child's behavior

B. Insist on mature behavior and give reasons for their expectations

C. Are emotionally detached and depressed, with little time and energy for children

D. Exercise firm, reasonable control over their children

Question #32

______ sharply reduces child maltreatment

A. Providing social supports to families

B. The use of anti-aggression medication

C. The use of anti-depression

D. Involvement with Child Protective Services

Question #33

Over time, maltreated children show

A. Improved executive function

B. Serious adjustment problems

C. Few long-term problems

D. Cognitive gains

Question #34

The majority of abusive and neglectful parents

A. Lack "lifelines"

B. Are skilled at establishing social relationships

C. Hyperfocus on their children

D. Have developmental problems

Question #35

Whether a child is maltreated largely depends on

A. Family size

B. The child's gender

C. The child's temperament

D. The parents' characteristics

Question #36

Rates of physical and emotional abuse are

A. Higher for fathers than for mothers

B. Lower than rates of sexual abuse

C. Fairly similar for mothers and fathers

D. Higher for mothers than for fathers

Question #37

Which of the following statements about child maltreatment is true?

A. Child abuse is modern problem and is especially common in non-industrialized nations

B. Parents commit more than 80 percent of abusive incidents

C. Neglect includes ridicule, humiliation and intimidation

D. Nonparent relatives commit about 30 percent of abusive incidents

Question #38

Which of the following children is the most likely to evoke warm, constant discipline?

A. Isabella, who is cooperative

B. Ryan, who is fearless

C. Bonny who is impulsive

D. Brigham, who has low self-esteem

Question #39

Uninvolved parents

A. Promote maturity and adjustment in children of diverse temperaments

B. Sometimes engage in neglect

C. Are overindulgent

D. Engage in psychological control

Question #40

Emotionally detached parents with depression often have a _____ style of child rearing

A. Authoritarian

B. Permissive

C. Uninvolved

D. Authoritative

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