A.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

B.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

C.   Slows dramatically

D.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

A.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

B.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

C.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

D.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

A.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

B.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

C.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

D.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

A.   Heart Disease

B.   Diabetes 

C.   Asthma 

D.   Tuberculosis

A.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

B.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

C.   The many hours children spend watching television 

D.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

A.   Systic fibrosis

B.   Diabetes

C.   Asthma

D.   Sickle cell anemia 

A.   Asain children 

B.   Boys

C.   Children who live in rural areas

D.   Middle-SES children

A.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

B.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

C.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

D.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

A.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

B.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

C.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

D.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

A.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

B.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

C.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

D.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

A.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

B.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

C.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

D.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

A.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

B.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

C.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

D.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

A.   No recess

B.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

C.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

D.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

A.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

B.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

C.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

D.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

A.   Classify three relations at once

B.   Seriate mentally

C.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

D.   Draw maps to scale

A.   Substantial

B.   Moderate

C.   Little or no

D.   Only minor

A.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

B.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

C.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

D.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

A.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

B.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

C.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

D.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

A.   Rehearsal

B.   Metacognition 

C.   Elaboration

D.   Organization

A.   Metacognition

B.   Selectivity of attention

C.   Cognitive self-regulation

D.   Elaboration 

A.   Interpersonal intelligence

B.   Learned helplessness 

C.   Self-regulation

D.   Metacognitive awareness

A.   Phonics 

B.   Metacognitive

C.   Whole-language 

D.   Pragmatic 

A.   Whole-language 

B.   Pragmatic 

C.   Metacognitive

D.   Phonics 

A.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

B.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

C.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

D.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

A.   Creative 

B.   Emotional

C.   Analytical 

D.    Practical 

A.   Interpersonal

B.   Interpersonal 

C.   General

D.   Bodily-kinesthetic

A.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

B.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

C.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

D.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

A.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

B.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

C.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

D.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

A.   Self-discipline

B.   SES

C.   Emotional intelligence

D.   The size of the cerebral cortex

A.   Using educational computer game

B.   Reading 

C.   Talking 

D.   Watching educational programming 

A.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

B.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

C.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

D.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

A.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

B.   Students construct their own knowledge

C.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

D.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

A.   Homogeneous grouping practice

B.   Cooperative learning technique 

C.   Social-constructive classroom

D.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

A.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

B.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

C.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

D.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

A.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

B.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

C.   Are voluntarily segregated 

D.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

A.   Emphasis on native ability 

B.   Ability grouping

C.   A shorter school year 

D.   Emphasis on effort

A.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

B.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

C.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

D.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

A.   Uses convergent thinking

B.   Is a high- IQ child

C.   Is talented

D.   Is creative 

A.   Autism 

B.   Learning disabilities 

C.   Emotional problems

D.   Mild mental retardation

A.   Segregated environments

B.   The "the least restrictive" environments 

C.   Multigrade classrooms

D.   Fully inclusive classrooms