A.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

B.   Slows dramatically

C.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

D.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

A.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

B.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

C.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

D.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

A.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

B.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

C.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

D.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

A.   Diabetes 

B.   Tuberculosis

C.   Heart Disease

D.   Asthma 

A.   The many hours children spend watching television 

B.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

C.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

D.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

A.   Sickle cell anemia 

B.   Asthma

C.   Systic fibrosis

D.   Diabetes

A.   Children who live in rural areas

B.   Middle-SES children

C.   Asain children 

D.   Boys

A.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

B.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

C.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

D.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

A.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

B.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

C.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

D.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

A.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

B.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

C.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

D.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

A.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

B.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

C.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

D.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

A.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

B.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

C.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

D.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

A.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

B.   No recess

C.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

D.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

A.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

B.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

C.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

D.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

A.   Draw maps to scale

B.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

C.   Seriate mentally

D.   Classify three relations at once

A.   Only minor

B.   Moderate

C.   Little or no

D.   Substantial

A.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

B.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

C.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

D.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

A.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

B.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

C.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

D.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

A.   Rehearsal

B.   Metacognition 

C.   Elaboration

D.   Organization

A.   Elaboration 

B.   Metacognition

C.   Selectivity of attention

D.   Cognitive self-regulation

A.   Interpersonal intelligence

B.   Self-regulation

C.   Metacognitive awareness

D.   Learned helplessness 

A.   Metacognitive

B.   Pragmatic 

C.   Whole-language 

D.   Phonics 

A.   Pragmatic 

B.   Phonics 

C.   Metacognitive

D.   Whole-language 

A.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

B.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

C.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

D.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

A.   Creative 

B.    Practical 

C.   Emotional

D.   Analytical 

A.   Interpersonal 

B.   General

C.   Interpersonal

D.   Bodily-kinesthetic

A.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

B.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

C.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

D.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

A.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

B.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

C.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

D.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

A.   The size of the cerebral cortex

B.   SES

C.   Emotional intelligence

D.   Self-discipline

A.   Using educational computer game

B.   Reading 

C.   Talking 

D.   Watching educational programming 

A.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

B.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

C.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

D.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

A.   Students construct their own knowledge

B.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

C.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

D.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

A.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

B.   Social-constructive classroom

C.   Cooperative learning technique 

D.   Homogeneous grouping practice

A.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

B.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

C.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

D.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

A.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

B.   Are voluntarily segregated 

C.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

D.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

A.   Emphasis on effort

B.   A shorter school year 

C.   Emphasis on native ability 

D.   Ability grouping

A.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

B.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

C.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

D.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

A.   Is creative 

B.   Uses convergent thinking

C.   Is a high- IQ child

D.   Is talented

A.   Autism 

B.   Mild mental retardation

C.   Learning disabilities 

D.   Emotional problems

A.   Segregated environments

B.   Fully inclusive classrooms 

C.   The "the least restrictive" environments 

D.   Multigrade classrooms