A.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

B.   Slows dramatically

C.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

D.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

A.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

B.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

C.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

D.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

A.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

B.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

C.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

D.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

A.   Heart Disease

B.   Asthma 

C.   Tuberculosis

D.   Diabetes 

A.   The many hours children spend watching television 

B.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

C.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

D.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

A.   Asthma

B.   Sickle cell anemia 

C.   Diabetes

D.   Systic fibrosis

A.   Boys

B.   Children who live in rural areas

C.   Middle-SES children

D.   Asain children 

A.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

B.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

C.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

D.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

A.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

B.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

C.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

D.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

A.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

B.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

C.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

D.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

A.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

B.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

C.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

D.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

A.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

B.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

C.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

D.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

A.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

B.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

C.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

D.   No recess

A.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

B.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

C.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

D.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

A.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

B.   Draw maps to scale

C.   Classify three relations at once

D.   Seriate mentally

A.   Moderate

B.   Only minor

C.   Little or no

D.   Substantial

A.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

B.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

C.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

D.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

A.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

B.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

C.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

D.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

A.   Elaboration

B.   Metacognition 

C.   Rehearsal

D.   Organization

A.   Metacognition

B.   Elaboration 

C.   Cognitive self-regulation

D.   Selectivity of attention

A.   Metacognitive awareness

B.   Self-regulation

C.   Learned helplessness 

D.   Interpersonal intelligence

A.   Metacognitive

B.   Whole-language 

C.   Pragmatic 

D.   Phonics 

A.   Pragmatic 

B.   Phonics 

C.   Metacognitive

D.   Whole-language 

A.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

B.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

C.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

D.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

A.    Practical 

B.   Analytical 

C.   Emotional

D.   Creative 

A.   Bodily-kinesthetic

B.   General

C.   Interpersonal 

D.   Interpersonal

A.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

B.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

C.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

D.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

A.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

B.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

C.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

D.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

A.   SES

B.   Self-discipline

C.   The size of the cerebral cortex

D.   Emotional intelligence

A.   Reading 

B.   Using educational computer game

C.   Watching educational programming 

D.   Talking 

A.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

B.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

C.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

D.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

A.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

B.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

C.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

D.   Students construct their own knowledge

A.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

B.   Homogeneous grouping practice

C.   Social-constructive classroom

D.   Cooperative learning technique 

A.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

B.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

C.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

D.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

A.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

B.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

C.   Are voluntarily segregated 

D.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

A.   Ability grouping

B.   Emphasis on effort

C.   A shorter school year 

D.   Emphasis on native ability 

A.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

B.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

C.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

D.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

A.   Is talented

B.   Is creative 

C.   Uses convergent thinking

D.   Is a high- IQ child

A.   Learning disabilities 

B.   Emotional problems

C.   Autism 

D.   Mild mental retardation

A.   Multigrade classrooms

B.   The "the least restrictive" environments 

C.   Fully inclusive classrooms 

D.   Segregated environments