A.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

B.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

C.   Slows dramatically

D.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

A.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

B.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

C.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

D.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

A.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

B.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

C.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

D.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

A.   Diabetes 

B.   Heart Disease

C.   Asthma 

D.   Tuberculosis

A.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

B.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

C.   The many hours children spend watching television 

D.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

A.   Diabetes

B.   Asthma

C.   Sickle cell anemia 

D.   Systic fibrosis

A.   Middle-SES children

B.   Boys

C.   Children who live in rural areas

D.   Asain children 

A.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

B.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

C.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

D.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

A.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

B.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

C.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

D.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

A.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

B.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

C.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

D.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

A.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

B.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

C.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

D.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

A.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

B.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

C.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

D.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

A.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

B.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

C.   No recess

D.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

A.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

B.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

C.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

D.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

A.   Classify three relations at once

B.   Seriate mentally

C.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

D.   Draw maps to scale

A.   Substantial

B.   Moderate

C.   Little or no

D.   Only minor

A.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

B.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

C.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

D.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

A.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

B.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

C.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

D.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

A.   Organization

B.   Metacognition 

C.   Rehearsal

D.   Elaboration

A.   Metacognition

B.   Selectivity of attention

C.   Elaboration 

D.   Cognitive self-regulation

A.   Learned helplessness 

B.   Interpersonal intelligence

C.   Self-regulation

D.   Metacognitive awareness

A.   Whole-language 

B.   Pragmatic 

C.   Metacognitive

D.   Phonics 

A.   Pragmatic 

B.   Metacognitive

C.   Phonics 

D.   Whole-language 

A.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

B.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

C.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

D.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

A.   Analytical 

B.   Emotional

C.   Creative 

D.    Practical 

A.   Interpersonal 

B.   Interpersonal

C.   Bodily-kinesthetic

D.   General

A.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

B.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

C.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

D.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

A.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

B.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

C.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

D.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

A.   Self-discipline

B.   The size of the cerebral cortex

C.   Emotional intelligence

D.   SES

A.   Using educational computer game

B.   Talking 

C.   Watching educational programming 

D.   Reading 

A.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

B.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

C.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

D.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

A.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

B.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

C.   Students construct their own knowledge

D.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

A.   Cooperative learning technique 

B.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

C.   Homogeneous grouping practice

D.   Social-constructive classroom

A.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

B.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

C.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

D.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

A.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

B.   Are voluntarily segregated 

C.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

D.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

A.   Emphasis on native ability 

B.   A shorter school year 

C.   Emphasis on effort

D.   Ability grouping

A.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

B.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

C.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

D.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

A.   Is creative 

B.   Uses convergent thinking

C.   Is a high- IQ child

D.   Is talented

A.   Mild mental retardation

B.   Autism 

C.   Learning disabilities 

D.   Emotional problems

A.   Multigrade classrooms

B.   Segregated environments

C.   The "the least restrictive" environments 

D.   Fully inclusive classrooms