A.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

B.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

C.   Slows dramatically

D.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

A.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

B.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

C.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

D.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

A.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

B.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

C.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

D.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

A.   Diabetes 

B.   Tuberculosis

C.   Heart Disease

D.   Asthma 

A.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

B.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

C.   The many hours children spend watching television 

D.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

A.   Sickle cell anemia 

B.   Systic fibrosis

C.   Asthma

D.   Diabetes

A.   Children who live in rural areas

B.   Boys

C.   Middle-SES children

D.   Asain children 

A.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

B.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

C.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

D.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

A.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

B.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

C.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

D.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

A.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

B.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

C.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

D.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

A.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

B.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

C.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

D.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

A.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

B.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

C.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

D.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

A.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

B.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

C.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

D.   No recess

A.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

B.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

C.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

D.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

A.   Classify three relations at once

B.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

C.   Draw maps to scale

D.   Seriate mentally

A.   Substantial

B.   Moderate

C.   Little or no

D.   Only minor

A.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

B.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

C.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

D.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

A.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

B.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

C.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

D.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

A.   Rehearsal

B.   Organization

C.   Metacognition 

D.   Elaboration

A.   Elaboration 

B.   Selectivity of attention

C.   Cognitive self-regulation

D.   Metacognition

A.   Metacognitive awareness

B.   Learned helplessness 

C.   Interpersonal intelligence

D.   Self-regulation

A.   Metacognitive

B.   Whole-language 

C.   Pragmatic 

D.   Phonics 

A.   Phonics 

B.   Metacognitive

C.   Pragmatic 

D.   Whole-language 

A.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

B.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

C.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

D.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

A.    Practical 

B.   Analytical 

C.   Creative 

D.   Emotional

A.   Interpersonal 

B.   General

C.   Bodily-kinesthetic

D.   Interpersonal

A.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

B.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

C.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

D.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

A.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

B.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

C.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

D.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

A.   Emotional intelligence

B.   The size of the cerebral cortex

C.   SES

D.   Self-discipline

A.   Talking 

B.   Reading 

C.   Using educational computer game

D.   Watching educational programming 

A.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

B.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

C.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

D.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

A.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

B.   Students construct their own knowledge

C.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

D.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

A.   Social-constructive classroom

B.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

C.   Homogeneous grouping practice

D.   Cooperative learning technique 

A.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

B.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

C.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

D.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

A.   Are voluntarily segregated 

B.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

C.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

D.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

A.   Emphasis on effort

B.   Ability grouping

C.   Emphasis on native ability 

D.   A shorter school year 

A.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

B.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

C.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

D.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

A.   Uses convergent thinking

B.   Is creative 

C.   Is a high- IQ child

D.   Is talented

A.   Mild mental retardation

B.   Emotional problems

C.   Learning disabilities 

D.   Autism 

A.   Fully inclusive classrooms 

B.   Multigrade classrooms

C.   The "the least restrictive" environments 

D.   Segregated environments