A.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

B.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

C.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

D.   Slows dramatically

A.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

B.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

C.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

D.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

A.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

B.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

C.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

D.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

A.   Asthma 

B.   Heart Disease

C.   Tuberculosis

D.   Diabetes 

A.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

B.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

C.   The many hours children spend watching television 

D.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

A.   Asthma

B.   Sickle cell anemia 

C.   Systic fibrosis

D.   Diabetes

A.   Children who live in rural areas

B.   Boys

C.   Middle-SES children

D.   Asain children 

A.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

B.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

C.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

D.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

A.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

B.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

C.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

D.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

A.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

B.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

C.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

D.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

A.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

B.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

C.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

D.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

A.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

B.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

C.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

D.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

A.   No recess

B.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

C.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

D.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

A.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

B.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

C.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

D.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

A.   Seriate mentally

B.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

C.   Draw maps to scale

D.   Classify three relations at once

A.   Substantial

B.   Only minor

C.   Little or no

D.   Moderate

A.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

B.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

C.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

D.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

A.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

B.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

C.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

D.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

A.   Organization

B.   Elaboration

C.   Metacognition 

D.   Rehearsal

A.   Selectivity of attention

B.   Elaboration 

C.   Metacognition

D.   Cognitive self-regulation

A.   Learned helplessness 

B.   Interpersonal intelligence

C.   Self-regulation

D.   Metacognitive awareness

A.   Phonics 

B.   Metacognitive

C.   Whole-language 

D.   Pragmatic 

A.   Whole-language 

B.   Pragmatic 

C.   Metacognitive

D.   Phonics 

A.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

B.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

C.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

D.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

A.    Practical 

B.   Creative 

C.   Analytical 

D.   Emotional

A.   General

B.   Interpersonal

C.   Bodily-kinesthetic

D.   Interpersonal 

A.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

B.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

C.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

D.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

A.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

B.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

C.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

D.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

A.   The size of the cerebral cortex

B.   Self-discipline

C.   SES

D.   Emotional intelligence

A.   Talking 

B.   Reading 

C.   Using educational computer game

D.   Watching educational programming 

A.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

B.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

C.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

D.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

A.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

B.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

C.   Students construct their own knowledge

D.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

A.   Homogeneous grouping practice

B.   Social-constructive classroom

C.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

D.   Cooperative learning technique 

A.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

B.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

C.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

D.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

A.   Are voluntarily segregated 

B.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

C.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

D.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

A.   A shorter school year 

B.   Emphasis on effort

C.   Ability grouping

D.   Emphasis on native ability 

A.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

B.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

C.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

D.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

A.   Is creative 

B.   Is a high- IQ child

C.   Is talented

D.   Uses convergent thinking

A.   Autism 

B.   Emotional problems

C.   Learning disabilities 

D.   Mild mental retardation

A.   Multigrade classrooms

B.   Segregated environments

C.   Fully inclusive classrooms 

D.   The "the least restrictive" environments