A.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

B.   Slows dramatically

C.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

D.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

A.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

B.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

C.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

D.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

A.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

B.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

C.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

D.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

A.   Tuberculosis

B.   Diabetes 

C.   Asthma 

D.   Heart Disease

A.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

B.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

C.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

D.   The many hours children spend watching television 

A.   Sickle cell anemia 

B.   Asthma

C.   Systic fibrosis

D.   Diabetes

A.   Boys

B.   Asain children 

C.   Children who live in rural areas

D.   Middle-SES children

A.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

B.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

C.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

D.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

A.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

B.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

C.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

D.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

A.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

B.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

C.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

D.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

A.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

B.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

C.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

D.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

A.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

B.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

C.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

D.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

A.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

B.   No recess

C.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

D.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

A.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

B.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

C.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

D.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

A.   Classify three relations at once

B.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

C.   Draw maps to scale

D.   Seriate mentally

A.   Little or no

B.   Moderate

C.   Only minor

D.   Substantial

A.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

B.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

C.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

D.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

A.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

B.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

C.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

D.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

A.   Rehearsal

B.   Organization

C.   Elaboration

D.   Metacognition 

A.   Metacognition

B.   Elaboration 

C.   Cognitive self-regulation

D.   Selectivity of attention

A.   Learned helplessness 

B.   Metacognitive awareness

C.   Interpersonal intelligence

D.   Self-regulation

A.   Metacognitive

B.   Phonics 

C.   Pragmatic 

D.   Whole-language 

A.   Pragmatic 

B.   Phonics 

C.   Whole-language 

D.   Metacognitive

A.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

B.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

C.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

D.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

A.   Analytical 

B.    Practical 

C.   Creative 

D.   Emotional

A.   General

B.   Interpersonal

C.   Interpersonal 

D.   Bodily-kinesthetic

A.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

B.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

C.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

D.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

A.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

B.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

C.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

D.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

A.   Emotional intelligence

B.   The size of the cerebral cortex

C.   Self-discipline

D.   SES

A.   Talking 

B.   Watching educational programming 

C.   Using educational computer game

D.   Reading 

A.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

B.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

C.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

D.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

A.   Students construct their own knowledge

B.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

C.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

D.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

A.   Cooperative learning technique 

B.   Homogeneous grouping practice

C.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

D.   Social-constructive classroom

A.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

B.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

C.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

D.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

A.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

B.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

C.   Are voluntarily segregated 

D.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

A.   Ability grouping

B.   A shorter school year 

C.   Emphasis on effort

D.   Emphasis on native ability 

A.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

B.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

C.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

D.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

A.   Is a high- IQ child

B.   Is creative 

C.   Uses convergent thinking

D.   Is talented

A.   Learning disabilities 

B.   Mild mental retardation

C.   Autism 

D.   Emotional problems

A.   Segregated environments

B.   Multigrade classrooms

C.   The "the least restrictive" environments 

D.   Fully inclusive classrooms