A.   Speeds up more significantly for boys than for girls

B.   Increases dramatically from the pace of early childhood

C.   Slows dramatically

D.   Continues at the slow, regular pace of early childhood

A.   Her bones were strengthening while her muscles were weakening

B.   She was losing "baby fat" at an increasing rate 

C.   Her ligaments were not yet firmly attached to bones

D.   The bones of her body had shortened and narrowed

A.   Many children experience a decreasing desire for physical exercise 

B.   12 of the primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones

C.   Girls lose their teeth slightly earlier than boys

D.   Girls have slightly more muscle and boys more body fat

A.   Tuberculosis

B.   Asthma 

C.   Heart Disease

D.   Diabetes 

A.   A lack of physical play space in many neighborhoods and schools

B.   The increasing number of hours children sleep at night

C.   The many hours children spend watching television 

D.   Ineffective health education in the primary grades

A.   Systic fibrosis

B.   Sickle cell anemia 

C.   Diabetes

D.   Asthma

A.   Boys

B.   Middle-SES children

C.   Children who live in rural areas

D.   Asain children 

A.   Ellysa, an African-American girl who lives in poverty

B.   Tanya, a Caucasian girl who lives in a rural area

C.   Ginger, an overweight hispanic girl

D.   Meghan, a high SES Asian girl

A.   Can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers

B.   Cannot yet visually distinguish fine details

C.   Makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers

D.   Has not yet developed adequate depth perception

A.   School-age children today spend more time engage in informal outdoor play 

B.   Child-invented games are usually contests of individual ability

C.   For most children, join community sports is associated with decreased self-esteem

D.   Gains in perspective taking permit a transition to rule-oriented games

A.   Play without rules and rely on individual ability 

B.   Develop a sense of pride in her superior motor skills

C.   Compere against her friends and establish a dominance hierarchy

D.   Practice winning and losing with little personal risk

A.   Often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement 

B.   Is the leading cause of childhood injury

C.   Often results in psychological damage to children 

D.   Seems to foster self-esteem and social skills

A.   More than 15 minutes of recess a day 

B.   No recess

C.   The threat of recess cancellation if any child misbehaves 

D.   5 to 10 minutes of recess a day

A.   Think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction

B.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

C.   Center on just one aspect of a problem, rather than focus on several aspects at once 

D.   Order items along a quantitative dimension

A.   Draw maps to scale

B.   Readily read maps of extended outdoor environments

C.   Seriate mentally

D.   Classify three relations at once

A.   Substantial

B.   Little or no

C.   Only minor

D.   Moderate

A.   Boys are diagnosed with ADHD about 4 times as often as girls 

B.   Fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to have ADHD 

C.   All children with ADHD are hyperactive

D.   For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must appear before age 5

A.   Not usually a lifelong disorder 

B.   Most often caused by a highly stressful home life

C.   Most commonly treated using behavior modifications techniques 

D.   Highly heritable and is also associated with environmental factors

A.   Rehearsal

B.   Organization

C.   Metacognition 

D.   Elaboration

A.   Cognitive self-regulation

B.   Elaboration 

C.   Selectivity of attention

D.   Metacognition

A.   Interpersonal intelligence

B.   Metacognitive awareness

C.   Learned helplessness 

D.   Self-regulation

A.   Metacognitive

B.   Phonics 

C.   Pragmatic 

D.   Whole-language 

A.   Phonics 

B.   Metacognitive

C.   Whole-language 

D.   Pragmatic 

A.   Because children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically, they should be exclusively taught by rote 

B.   A blend of both drill in computing and "number sense," or understanding, is most beneficial

C.   Reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 

D.   Complex skills can only be learned by drill in computation and rote memorization 

A.   Analytical 

B.   Emotional

C.    Practical 

D.   Creative 

A.   General

B.   Interpersonal

C.   Bodily-kinesthetic

D.   Interpersonal 

A.   IQ variations are largely determines by differences in environment

B.   Heredity contributes substantially to individual and SES differences in IQ 

C.   Ethnic and social class differences in IQ are unfounded 

D.   IQ shows significant fluctuations over the lifespan

A.   High on intelligence tests by middle childhood 

B.   Below average on intelligence tests during school years 

C.   Lower on intelligence tests then white children adopted into similar homes

D.   Above average on early childhood intelligence tests, but scores decreased by middle childhood

A.   SES

B.   Emotional intelligence

C.   Self-discipline

D.   The size of the cerebral cortex

A.   Watching educational programming 

B.   Reading 

C.   Using educational computer game

D.   Talking 

A.   Have difficulty on selective attention tasks

B.   Are behind in detection of errors in grammar and meaning 

C.   Are behind in reading achievement tests in both languages

D.   Outperform others on test of cognitive flexibility 

A.   Cooperative learning is frowned upon

B.   Teachers, students, and peers work together on a wide range of challenging activities 

C.   The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making

D.   Students construct their own knowledge

A.    Educational self-fulfilling prophecy 

B.   Homogeneous grouping practice

C.   Social-constructive classroom

D.   Cooperative learning technique 

A.   African-American children are just as likely to attend a school that serves a mostly black population as they were in 1960's 

B.    Hispanic children are more racially integrated than African-AMerican children in U.S. schools

C.   The racial divide in American public school is gradually improving

D.   Federal and state grants-in-aid have been sufficient in closing the funding gap between rich and poor

A.   Use constructivist classrooms rather than traditional classrooms

B.   Are voluntarily segregated 

C.   Emphasize a specific are of interest

D.   Are usually located in upper-income areas

A.   Emphasis on native ability 

B.   A shorter school year 

C.   Ability grouping

D.   Emphasis on effort

A.   Many gifted children are socially isolated 

B.   Most gifted children show an evenly high ability across academic subjects

C.    The vast majority of gifted children have IQ scores of 150 or higher 

D.   Most gifted children have high self-esteem 

A.   Is creative 

B.   Is talented

C.   Is a high- IQ child

D.   Uses convergent thinking

A.   Mild mental retardation

B.   Autism 

C.   Emotional problems

D.   Learning disabilities 

A.   The "the least restrictive" environments 

B.   Fully inclusive classrooms 

C.   Multigrade classrooms

D.   Segregated environments