A(n) _____ is an unlearned reaction evoked by a stimulus without any learning.

A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned response is now called a(n) _____.

After being shocked for the last ten days when kissing your wife, you now feel mildly anxious whenever you approach her to give her a kiss. In classical conditioning, your wife was a(n) _____ stimulus ten days ago, and has now become a(n) _____ stimulus.

Eli's grandma gives him a Tootsie roll every time she visits. When Eli sees his grandma arriving, his mouth begins to water. In this example, the conditioned stimulus (CS) is ____.

Classical conditioning falls under which perspective of psychology?

Which of the following is an example of the use of classical conditioning in everyday life?

If wartime propaganda depicts the enemy as ugly, cruel, and somewhat less than human, then this type of propaganda would create _____ toward the enemy.

An example of _______________ would be when a baby is bitten by a dog and then is afraid of all small animals.

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?

If your dog was classically conditioned to wag his tail when you pick up a leash to go for a walk, what would extinguish this behavior?

An example of _____________ would be if you had extinguished your fear of spiders for a few months and you suddenly gasped in horror and felt your heart pounding when you saw an itsy-bitsy spider on your desk.

A couple has broken up several years ago, and no longer feels any romantic feelings towards one another. However, as the couple has a chance encounter years later, the romantic feelings start to reappear. This is an example of ______________.

Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences is called _____.

An example of __________ would be if the conditioned stimulus is reintroduced after a period of extinction, conditioning occurs much faster the second time.

Consequences are a critical element in _____ conditioning.

_____ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur, whereas _____ decreases that likelihood.

Tarani's father offered her a trip to Disney World if she got a 3.5 grade point average this year. In this example, the trip to Disney World is _____.

For most people, money and praise are _____ reinforcers.

Negative punishment _____ and negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood the response will continue.

An example of _____________ would be if you did not like to study for psychology, so you decide that you will only go to the mall (a behavior that you enjoy) after you have spent 2 hours studying.

Two-year-old Rumiko started whining at the grocery store. The best way for her parents to extinguish this behavior is to praise her _____ when she is NOT whining at the store and leave the store _____.

Which of the following situations is the BEST example of prejudice being operantly conditioned?

Continuous reinforcement is "better" when it comes to _____; partial reinforcement is "better" when it comes to _____.

When you put nickels in a gum-ball machine, you receive _____ reinforcement; when you put nickels in a slot machine, you receive _____ reinforcement.

George gets paid on Fridays for a week's work; Mai Ling gets paid for every five wedding veils she completes. George is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement, whereas Mai Ling is on a _____ schedule.

When your young son picks up a spoon, you clap. You laugh and applaud when he later brings the spoon toward his mouth. When he places the spoon in his mouth you hug and kiss him all over. It is MOST likely that you _____.

To be effective, punishment must be __________ and _________.

One reason that spousal, child, and elder abuse seems to escalate is that aggression used as a punishment is often _____.

An example of how prejudice is acquired through __________ would be if a mother acts upset and fearful when exposed to a particular ethnic group, it is likely that her child will learn to be upset when exposed to the same ethnic group.

Bessie is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful; Obadiah is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate. According to the Five-Factor model, it is likely that Bessie scores high on _____, and Obadiah scores high on _____.

"I'm going to take this candy because I want it NOW!" said the _____. "But, stealing is wrong," said the _____. "Let's ask mom if she'll advance our allowance so we can buy it today," said the _____.

The first and most basic defense mechanism, which blocks unacceptable impulses from coming into awareness, is called _____.

Victor's religious beliefs prohibit sexual expression until after marriage. He takes up painting nudes to deal with his sexual impulses. This is an example of the defense mechanism called _____.

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Adler believed the primary motivation in life is to overcome _____.

According to Jung, our collective unconscious consists of _____.

According to Horney, the emotionally healthy person will _____.

If you took the _____ approach to personality, you would emphasize internal experiences, like feelings and thoughts, and the basic worth of the individual.

In Rogers' theory of personality, maladjustment is the result of _____.

Rogers thought that _____ is necessary for a child's uniqueness and positive self-concept to unfold naturally.

The innate tendency toward growth that motivates all human behavior and results in the full realization of a person's highest potential is called _____.

According to Bandura, _____ involves a person's belief about whether he or she can successfully engage in behaviors related to personal goals.

Rotter believed that personality or behavior is determined by your _____.

Your beliefs about who or what is in charge of the outcomes in your life are called your _____.

Malcolm consults his horoscope to determine what stocks to buy; Miles studies the financial section of the paper and follows the track record of companies he's interested in before buying stocks. It is MOST likely that Malcolm _____, and Miles _____.

In a Nike commercial which uses classical conditioning to increase sales, a famous, well-liked athlete is wearing a new brand of sneakers, in hopes that people will feel more positive towards the sneakers when seeing them in the store.  What is the unconditioned stimulus in this situation?

Samsara is aloof and self-contained. She prefers to read and work on her computer rather than engage in camping or other outdoor activities. She feels emotions deeply, but rarely displays them. Her thoughts are complex and focused on philosophical questions rather than every-day practicalities. This is a description of Samsara's _____.

Nelson learns in his Human Sexuality class that it is not uncommon for young adolescents to have sexual attractions or fantasies for persons of the same sex. Nelson vehemently protests that he has never had even the slightest physical attraction or thoughts about the same sex. This is an example of the defense mechanism called _____.

Gabrielle didn't study for this exam and really wants to cheat. This is entirely unacceptable to her superego, which won't let her do this. However, Gabrielle thinks she sees nearly everyone else in the class cheating during the exam. This is an example of the defense mechanism called _____.

Cecily believes she can become the top saleswoman in her company; consequently, she comes in early and stays late which puts her in contact with more customers. Additionally, her enthusiasm inspires customers to pay attention to the benefits of her product, and every sale Cecily makes inspires her to make another. This is an example of Bandura's theory of _____.