Psychology 041 - Life Span Psychology From Infancy to Old Age » Spring 2022 » Second Midterm
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Question #1
Learning based on associating a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit the response is called
A.
cognition.
B.
classical conditioning.
C.
information processing.
D.
operant conditioning.
Question #2
Learning based on association of behavior with its consequences is called
A.
operant conditioning.
B.
classical conditioning.
C.
information processing
D.
cognition.
Question #3
Which of the following is Piaget's stage of cognitive development for infancy?
A.
preoperational
B.
sensorimotor
C.
formal operational
D.
concrete operational
Question #4
The sensorimotor stage of Piaget’s cognitive theory of development includes what age group?
A.
eight to twelve years old
B.
birth to two years old
C.
twelve to eighteen years old
D.
two to eight years old
Question #5
Infants learn about themselves and their world through their developing sensory and motor activity in which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
A.
operational
B.
post-formal
C.
sensorimotor
D.
formal
Question #6
What is the term used to describe the mutual interactions with adults that help shape children’s activities?
A.
guided participation
B.
led participation
C.
structured participation
D.
graded participation
Question #7
Baby Chase is presented with a bright red rattle. After several seconds of looking, he loses interest. Chase is then presented with a bright green rattle and his attention returns to a high level. What term describes Chase’s loss of interest in the red rattle?
A.
a familiarity preference
B.
habituation
C.
dishabituation
D.
a novelty preference
Question #8
According to Chomsky, what do children have that enables them to infer linguistic rules from the language they hear?
A.
a syntax detector
B.
a language acquisition device
C.
a sensory register
D.
a cultural adaptation model
Question #9
The study of the basic mechanics of learning and how behavior changes in response to experience is of interest to developmental psychologist who take which approach to human development?
A.
behavioral
B.
social-contextual
C.
psychometric
D.
cognitive
Question #10
The goals of psychometric testing are to measure the factors that make up intelligence and the results of that measurement,
A.
quantitatively.
B.
quota numbers.
C.
questioningly.
D.
qualitatively.
Question #11
Goodness of fit describes the match between a person’s temperament and his or her
A.
behavior.
B.
personality.
C.
environment.
D.
emotion.
Question #12
What is a relatively stable individual difference suggested by research, perhaps because it is largely inborn and strongly influenced by genetics?
A.
tolerance
B.
temperament
C.
tenacity
D.
temperance
Question #13
The classic, laboratory-based technique designed to assess attachment patterns between an infant and an adult is called the
A.
Strange Situation.
B.
Stranger Danger dynamic.
C.
Secure Attachment methodology.
D.
Ambivalence Situation.
Question #14
Erikson argued that our first challenge as babies involves the issue of
A.
belonging
B.
identity.
C.
trust.
D.
succor.
Question #15
The stage of developing trust begins in infancy and continues until about
A.
3 years of age.
B.
18 months of age.
C.
36 months of age.
D.
2 years of age.
Question #16
Babies with what type of attachment are flexible and resilient in the face of stress?
A.
avoidant
B.
disorganized-disordered
C.
secure
D.
ambivalent
Question #17
What is the process by which infant and caregiver can communicate emotional states to each other and respond appropriately?
A.
Social referencing
B.
Intergenerational transmission
C.
Internalization
D.
Mutual regulation
Question #18
Attachment theory was developed by
A.
Erikson and Piaget.
B.
Watson and Skinner.
C.
Bowlby and Ainsworth.
D.
Kohlberg and Gilligan.
Question #19
If a baby feels comfortable as long as his mother is around, he would be described by Ainsworth as being
A.
ambivalently attached.
B.
disorganizedly attached.
C.
avoidantly attached.
D.
securely attached.
Question #20
Eric Erikson’s second crisis, which begins at eighteen months and ends about three years of age, is called
A.
autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B.
integrity versus despair.
C.
trust versus basic mistrust.
D.
identity versus confusion.
Question #21
Talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others is called
A.
private speech.
B.
social speech.
C.
literate speech
D.
pragmatic speech.
Question #22
What is a phoneme?
A.
the combination of phrases that lead to discourse
B.
the smallest unit of sound a given language recognizes
C.
the combination of consonants and vowels in speech
D.
the smallest unit of sound with recognizable meaning
Question #23
You are opening a daycare center and want to do some teaching to help develop fine motor skills in children. Which of the following would be a good aide?
A.
a jump rope
B.
thin pens and pencils
C.
a book with alphabet letters
D.
balls to throw
Question #24
Paul attempted to draw shapes. One shape gave him a hard time, namely, a triangle. This shape has sharper corners and connections, which could require greater skills in which area?
A.
ambidexterity
B.
fine motor
C.
handedness
D.
gross motor
Question #25
4-year-old Bradley performs a conservation task. Bradley has difficulty completing the tasks because he is at what Piagetian stage of cognitive development?
A.
concrete operations
B.
preoperational
C.
sensorimotor
D.
formal operations
Question #26
What is a morpheme?
A.
the smallest unit of sound with recognizable meaning
B.
the combination of phrases that lead to discourse
C.
the combination of consonants and vowels in speech
D.
the smallest unit of sound a given language recognizes
Question #27
Five-year-old Seth was just presented with a conservation-of-liquid task. When asked if both glasses contain the same amount of water, or if one contains more, Seth is likely to say,
A.
"the tall glass has more".
B.
"both glasses have the same".
C.
"the third glass is full".
D.
"the short glass has more".
Question #28
Putting information into a mental folder for filing in our memory is called
A.
encoding.
B.
decoding.
C.
uncoding.
D.
recoding.
Question #29
A gap between what a child is already able to do and what she or he is not quite ready to accomplish alone is called the zone of
A.
proximate development.
B.
proximal development.
C.
progressive development.
D.
processing development.
Question #30
When a child is able to speak while intending the words to be understood by a listener, he or she is showing aspects of
A.
literate speech.
B.
social speech.
C.
private speech.
D.
pragmatic speech.
Question #31
Josh is having a great time repeatedly racing himself down the sidewalk. Josh is taking part in what type of play?
A.
constructive
B.
functional
C.
pretend
D.
dramatic
Question #32
Children’s play environments are affected by what adults set up for them, the frequency of their play, and the form of their play, which are all related to what type of values?
A.
cultural
B.
cooperative
C.
communicative
D.
comparative
Question #33
Ignoring, isolating, or showing dislike for a child is best called the withdrawal of
A.
love.
B.
care.
C.
attention.
D.
compassion.
Question #34
The pioneering research of which researcher was BEST known for studying various parenting styles in families?
A.
Sigmund Freud
B.
Diana Baumrind
C.
Jean Piaget
D.
Albert Bandura
Question #35
A parenting style with an emphasis on control and unquestioning obedience is called
A.
authoritative parenting.
B.
corporal parenting.
C.
authoritarian parenting.
D.
permissive parenting.
Question #36
Without being told, Tanya has noticed that her friend Carrie needs her blue crayon; she shares it readily in an act of
A.
altitude.
B.
aptitude.
C.
altruism.
D.
attitude.
Question #37
Gannon does not wish to hurt his brother, Cole, but he does push him to get the tractor Cole is playing with. Gannon is demonstrating what type of aggression?
A.
independent
B.
initiative
C.
innovative
D.
instrumental
Question #38
Physical or verbal aggression that is openly directed at a target is called
A.
relational aggression.
B.
overt aggression.
C.
instrumental aggression.
D.
internal aggression.
Question #39
Which of the following types of child maltreatment occurs most often?
A.
emotional abuse
B.
physical abuse
C.
sexual abuse
D.
child neglect
Question #40
Which of the following types of child maltreatment is characterized by a failure to provide for the child's basic needs?
A.
physical abuse
B.
child neglect
C.
emotional abuse
D.
sexual abuse
Question #41
Which of the following is NOT a feature of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?
A.
restlessness
B.
a short attention span
C.
the ability to pay close attention to many details
D.
impulsive, disorganized behavior
Question #42
Felipe loves to line up all of his cars and trucks by size; Felipe has accomplished understanding of the concept of
A.
conservation.
B.
inference.
C.
seriation.
D.
inclusion.
Question #43
Mario recognizes his brain has the capacity to allow him to memorize his multiplication tables. Mario is demonstrating the use of his
A.
cognition.
B.
metamemory.
C.
memory.
D.
thinking.
Question #44
A school program for gifted children that deepens the learned knowledge and skills with extra classroom activities is called
A.
an aptitude program.
B.
an enrichment program.
C.
an intellectual program.
D.
a brainiac program.
Question #45
Jim loves the outdoors. He is interested in different types of plants and flowers and also likes digging for fossils and old artifacts. Jim is most likely strong in which type of intelligence?
A.
naturalist
B.
linguistic
C.
kinesthetic
D.
logical
Question #46
A.
spatial
B.
logical
C.
kinesthetic
D.
linguistic
Question #47
Anthea is people smart. She is good at reading the feelings and emotions of others and can predict other people's intentions. According to Gardner, for which occupation is Anthea well suited?
A.
social worker
B.
critic
C.
tour guide
D.
author
Question #48
Tilley believes she can master her schoolwork and enjoys her learning; she demonstrates high
A.
self-efficiency.
B.
self-efficacy.
C.
self-effort.
D.
self-elaboration.
Question #49
A disorder that interferes with specific areas of school achievement like listening, speaking, reading, writing, or mathematics is seen as a learning
A.
mystery.
B.
malfunction.
C.
disability.
D.
disturbance.
Question #50
A main criterion for giftedness is a high general intelligence, which is proven by an IQ score of
A.
70
B.
90
C.
130 or higher.
D.
100
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