Soc 101 - Introduction to Sociology » Spring 2022 » Chapter 7

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Question #1
“The recognized violation of cultural norms” refers to the concept of
A.   crime
B.   juvenile delinquency.
C.   deviance.
D.   legal infraction.
Question #2
“Crime” differs from “deviance” in that crime
A.   refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
B.   is always more serious.
C.   is usually less serious.
D.   involves a larger share of the population.
Question #3
The formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials is called
A.   civil law.
B.   social control.
C.   the normative system.
D.   the criminal justice system.
Question #4
Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.
A.   neighborhood watch
B.   social control
C.   self-control
D.   the legal system
Question #5
In Robert Merton’s strain theory of deviance, ___________ refers to the unconventional means to achieve approved goals.
A.   rebellion
B.   ritualism
C.   retreatism
D.   innovation
Question #6
According to Robert Merton’s strain theory, the term ________would correctly describe conventional goals through normal means.
A.   conformity
B.   rebel
C.   ritualist
D.   retreatist
Question #7
According to Durkheim, functions of deviance include
A.   the idea that responding to deviance confuses moral boundaries.
B.   negating cultural values and norms.
C.   the idea that responding to deviance promotes social unity.
D.   the idea that deviance looks the same across cultures.
Question #8
The basic idea behind labeling theory is that
A.   deviance is actually a myth.
B.   deviance is actually useful in a number of ways.
C.   power has much to do with how a society defines deviance.
D.   deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
Question #9
What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person’s self-concept and social identity?
A.   a secondary identity
B.   stigma
C.   a degradation ceremony
D.   a deviant ritual
Question #10
Cloward and Ohlin extended Merton’s theory of deviance, stating that delinquency
A.   is more common among the rich who have more opportunity.
B.   is defined in such a way as to overly criminalize the poor.
C.   is most common among lower-class youths because they have the least opportunity for conventional success.
D.   is typically a result of drug dependence or other substance addiction.

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