Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
PET
B.
functional MRI
C.
CT
D.
angiography
E.
EEG
Question #2
Autoreceptors of a neuron are sensitive to the neuron's own
A.
EPSPs.
B.
APs.
C.
second messengers.
D.
neurotransmitter.
E.
IPSPs.
Question #3
The release of neurotransmitter molecules from buttons is often triggered by
A.
the sodium-potassium pump.
B.
the release of calcium ions from the buttons.
C.
an influx of calcium ions.
D.
an efflux of sodium ions.
E.
the arrival of an AP at the axon hillock.
Question #4
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
circles.
B.
movement.
C.
dots of light.
D.
contrast.
E.
straight lines.
Question #5
Many neurons contain and release two neurotransmitters. This situation is called
A.
covalence.
B.
cohabitation.
C.
coexistence.
D.
ionotropism.
E.
metabotropism.
Question #6
A neuron normally fires when
A.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
B.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
C.
there is an EPSP.
D.
there is an IPSP.
E.
its buttons are stimulated.
Question #7
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
ligand-activated ion channels.
B.
myelin.
C.
EPSPs.
D.
voltage-activated ion channels.
E.
nodes of Ranvier.
Question #8
Like simple cells, complex cortical cells
A.
are unresponsive to diffuse light.
B.
all of these
C.
respond best to straight-line stimuli in a particular orientation.
D.
respond to contrast.
E.
have rectangular receptive fields.
Question #9
Many current neuropsychological assessments begin with the
A.
Psychiatric Test Inventory (PTI).
B.
sodium amytal test.
C.
dichotic listening test.
D.
WAIS.
E.
ERP
Question #10
Cooling can be used to produce a functional or reversible brain lesion because
A.
the subjects usually survive.
B.
the damage that it produces lasts only a day or two.
C.
it produces lesions that can be reversed with drugs.
D.
it can temporarily suppress neural activity in a particular area of the brain without damaging the brain.
E.
the damage that it produces lasts only a few weeks.
Question #11
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
amino acids
B.
catecholamines
C.
indolamines
D.
monoamines
Question #12
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
CT scans
B.
pneumoencephalography
C.
PET scans
D.
cerebral angiography
E.
X-ray photography
Question #13
The cortical area that has most frequently been linked to pain by functional brain imaging studies is the
A.
anterior cingulate cortex.
B.
posterior parietal cortex.
C.
PAG.
D.
secondary somatosensory cortex.
E.
inferotemporal cortex.
Question #14
In comparison to ionotropic receptors, metabotropic receptors
A.
are more prevalent.
B.
produce longer lasting effects.
C.
produce effects that are more diffuse.
D.
all of these
E.
produce effects that take longer to develop.
Question #15
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
all of these
B.
reduces the release of glutamate from rods.
C.
closes rod sodium channels.
D.
hyperpolarizes the rods.
E.
triggers inhibitory effects.
Question #16
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
B.
simple cells or complex cells.
C.
hypercomplex cells.
D.
on-center or off-center cells.
E.
type A or type B cells.
Question #17
According to the retinex theory, the color of an object depends on
A.
all of these
B.
none of these
C.
its reflectance and the proportion of light of different wavelengths that it reflects.
D.
the dominant wavelength that it reflects.
Question #18
Which of the following is a method used by cognitive neuroscientists to turn off part of the brain while the effects on cognition and behavior are assessed?
A.
EEG
B.
PET
C.
2-DG
D.
TMS
E.
ERP
Question #19
Color vision is mediated by
A.
the photopic system.
B.
the scotopic system.
C.
rhodopsin.
D.
rods.
E.
duplexity.
Question #20
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
PET
B.
MRI
C.
EEG
D.
CT
E.
angiography
Question #21
Light passes through layers of the retina in which of the following sequences?
A.
receptor layer, bipolar cell layer, retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal ganglion cell layer, amacrine cell layer, receptor layer
B.
none of these
C.
receptor layer, bipolar cell layer, retinal ganglion cell layer
D.
retinal ganglion cell layer, horizontal cell layer, receptor layer and retinal ganglion cell layer, amacrine cell layer, receptor layer
Question #22
The process of neurotransmitter release is referred to as
A.
expulsion.
B.
exocytosis.
C.
metabolism.
D.
excitation.
E.
synthesis.
Question #23
Which of the following is a commonly used measure of the sexual receptivity of female rats?
A.
number of intromissions to ejaculation
B.
postejaculatory interval
C.
mount frequency
D.
number of ejaculations to intromission
E.
lordosis quotient
Question #24
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
CT
B.
MEG
C.
fMRI
D.
MRI
E.
PET
F.
Question #25
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
B.
the Mach band demonstration.
C.
lateral inhibition.
D.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
E.
color constancy.
Question #26
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
glutamate.
B.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
C.
dopamine.
D.
neuropeptides.
E.
acetylcholine.
Question #27
Prosopagnosia has been linked to damage of the
A.
hippocampus.
B.
fusiform face area.
C.
frontal lobes.
D.
dorsal stream.
Question #28
Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting
A.
K+ ions into neurons and Na+ ions out of neurons.
B.
Na+ ions into neurons
C.
Na+ ions into neurons and K+ ions into neurons
D.
none of these
Question #29
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
ipsilaterally.
B.
on the basis of wavelength.
C.
from top to bottom.
D.
from left to right.
E.
retinotopically.
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