Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
angiography
B.
EEG
C.
CT
D.
functional MRI
E.
PET
Question #2
Autoreceptors of a neuron are sensitive to the neuron's own
A.
neurotransmitter.
B.
second messengers.
C.
IPSPs.
D.
EPSPs.
E.
APs.
Question #3
The release of neurotransmitter molecules from buttons is often triggered by
A.
the sodium-potassium pump.
B.
the arrival of an AP at the axon hillock.
C.
an efflux of sodium ions.
D.
an influx of calcium ions.
E.
the release of calcium ions from the buttons.
Question #4
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
dots of light.
B.
straight lines.
C.
contrast.
D.
movement.
E.
circles.
Question #5
Many neurons contain and release two neurotransmitters. This situation is called
A.
covalence.
B.
ionotropism.
C.
cohabitation.
D.
coexistence.
E.
metabotropism.
Question #6
A neuron normally fires when
A.
its buttons are stimulated.
B.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
C.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
D.
there is an EPSP.
E.
there is an IPSP.
Question #7
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
myelin.
B.
voltage-activated ion channels.
C.
nodes of Ranvier.
D.
EPSPs.
E.
ligand-activated ion channels.
Question #8
Like simple cells, complex cortical cells
A.
all of these
B.
have rectangular receptive fields.
C.
respond to contrast.
D.
are unresponsive to diffuse light.
E.
respond best to straight-line stimuli in a particular orientation.
Question #9
Many current neuropsychological assessments begin with the
A.
Psychiatric Test Inventory (PTI).
B.
ERP
C.
WAIS.
D.
dichotic listening test.
E.
sodium amytal test.
Question #10
Cooling can be used to produce a functional or reversible brain lesion because
A.
the damage that it produces lasts only a day or two.
B.
the damage that it produces lasts only a few weeks.
C.
the subjects usually survive.
D.
it produces lesions that can be reversed with drugs.
E.
it can temporarily suppress neural activity in a particular area of the brain without damaging the brain.
Question #11
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
catecholamines
B.
amino acids
C.
monoamines
D.
indolamines
Question #12
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
X-ray photography
B.
pneumoencephalography
C.
cerebral angiography
D.
CT scans
E.
PET scans
Question #13
The cortical area that has most frequently been linked to pain by functional brain imaging studies is the
A.
anterior cingulate cortex.
B.
secondary somatosensory cortex.
C.
inferotemporal cortex.
D.
PAG.
E.
posterior parietal cortex.
Question #14
In comparison to ionotropic receptors, metabotropic receptors
A.
produce longer lasting effects.
B.
produce effects that are more diffuse.
C.
all of these
D.
are more prevalent.
E.
produce effects that take longer to develop.
Question #15
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
hyperpolarizes the rods.
B.
reduces the release of glutamate from rods.
C.
closes rod sodium channels.
D.
all of these
E.
triggers inhibitory effects.
Question #16
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
B.
simple cells or complex cells.
C.
on-center or off-center cells.
D.
type A or type B cells.
E.
hypercomplex cells.
Question #17
According to the retinex theory, the color of an object depends on
A.
its reflectance and the proportion of light of different wavelengths that it reflects.
B.
the dominant wavelength that it reflects.
C.
all of these
D.
none of these
Question #18
Which of the following is a method used by cognitive neuroscientists to turn off part of the brain while the effects on cognition and behavior are assessed?
A.
EEG
B.
ERP
C.
TMS
D.
PET
E.
2-DG
Question #19
Color vision is mediated by
A.
rhodopsin.
B.
rods.
C.
the scotopic system.
D.
the photopic system.
E.
duplexity.
Question #20
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
MRI
B.
angiography
C.
CT
D.
EEG
E.
PET
Question #21
Light passes through layers of the retina in which of the following sequences?
A.
receptor layer, bipolar cell layer, retinal ganglion cell layer
B.
receptor layer, bipolar cell layer, retinal ganglion cell layer and retinal ganglion cell layer, amacrine cell layer, receptor layer
C.
none of these
D.
retinal ganglion cell layer, horizontal cell layer, receptor layer and retinal ganglion cell layer, amacrine cell layer, receptor layer
Question #22
The process of neurotransmitter release is referred to as
A.
metabolism.
B.
exocytosis.
C.
synthesis.
D.
excitation.
E.
expulsion.
Question #23
Which of the following is a commonly used measure of the sexual receptivity of female rats?
A.
lordosis quotient
B.
number of ejaculations to intromission
C.
postejaculatory interval
D.
mount frequency
E.
number of intromissions to ejaculation
Question #24
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
PET
B.
fMRI
C.
CT
D.
E.
MEG
F.
MRI
Question #25
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
color constancy.
B.
the Mach band demonstration.
C.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
D.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
E.
lateral inhibition.
Question #26
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
B.
neuropeptides.
C.
acetylcholine.
D.
dopamine.
E.
glutamate.
Question #27
Prosopagnosia has been linked to damage of the
A.
fusiform face area.
B.
frontal lobes.
C.
hippocampus.
D.
dorsal stream.
Question #28
Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting
A.
Na+ ions into neurons and K+ ions into neurons
B.
none of these
C.
K+ ions into neurons and Na+ ions out of neurons.
D.
Na+ ions into neurons
Question #29
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from top to bottom.
B.
on the basis of wavelength.
C.
retinotopically.
D.
from left to right.
E.
ipsilaterally.
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