Psychology 002 - Biological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Memory Quiz
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Question #1
The act of retrieval can have both positive and negative outcomes. On one hand, it improves the information just retrieved and increases the likelihood it will be retrieved again, a phenomenon called the _______________. On the other hand, it harms related information causing a person to forget such related information, a phenomenon called _____________.
A.
subtraction principle; addition effect
B.
addition effect; subtraction principle
C.
retrieval-induced forgetting; retrieval practice effect
D.
retrieval practice effect; retrieval-induced forgetting
Question #2
The encoding specificity principle is a hypothesis that states:
A.
a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the engram/memory trace.
B.
a retrieval cue will NOT be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the engram/memory trace.
C.
a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue is distinct or does not match information in the engram/memory trace.
D.
a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information retrieved from the cue is distinct or does not match information in memory.
Question #3
If old experiences disrupt recall of new experiences, this is referred to as:
A.
retrieval failure.
B.
retroactive interference.
C.
encoding failure.
D.
proactive interference.
Question #4
Autobiographical memory forms the core of an individual’s:
A.
intelligence
B.
personality
C.
personal identity
D.
coping style
Question #5
_________ is a process that occurs after encoding that is believed to stabilize memory traces.
A.
Recoding
B.
Consolidation
C.
Retrieval
D.
Inferences
Question #6
Bryan is chatting with a friend and tells the friend that the capital of China is Beijing, but in the past had been called Peking. His friend remarks that this is fascinating, and asks when Bryan learned that. Bryan thinks for a moment and then says, “I don’t really know.” The information about Beijing/Peking was likely retrieved from Bryan’s:
A.
semantic memory
B.
procedural memory
C.
episodic memory
D.
implicit memory
Question #7
Which principle describes when an unusual event, typically in the context of similar events, will be recalled and recognized better than uniform events?
A.
misinformation
B.
recoding
C.
cue overload
D.
distinctiveness
Question #8
Which of the following describes a situation where a person goes beyond available evidence to form a conclusion that is likely to be true? For example, Romeo might infer from his smart older sister that when she said, “I finished the test” that meant that she passed the test.
A.
making a pragmatic inference
B.
having selective attention
C.
succumbing to social influence
D.
engaging in incorrect encoding
Question #9
When trying to remember a list of words, a person may choose a word to which they “hang” their memories on. This type of mnemonic device is called the ___________ __________ technique.
A.
word aid
B.
peg word
C.
retrieval language
D.
mnemonic word
Question #10
When you were 10 years old, you were REALLY into Pokémon. You knew all the characters, their families, and their evolutionary history. However, you quit playing Pokémon when you got to junior high because your friends made fun of you. Now, you can still remember some of the characters, but you can’t remember all the details. This is an example of:
A.
misinformation effect
B.
source amnesia
C.
storage decay
D.
encoding failure
Question #11
Andre grew up in New Orleans and was present when Hurricane Katrina occurred. His family, his community, and Andre share a ________ memory of this event.
A.
working
B.
short-term
C.
semantic
D.
collective
Question #12
Marcela can clearly remember the moment she learned about the events of Sept. 11, 2001. She vividly recalls when her teacher walked in and turned on the news – the face of the firefighter she saw is permanently etched in her brain. She remembers who was sitting next to her and what she was wearing. This scenario describes what phenomenon?
A.
proactive interference
B.
misinformation effect
C.
flashbulb memory
D.
retroactive interference
Question #13
Forgetting is one type of error, where you cannot recall information. Misremembering is another type of error. Which of the following would be an example of misremembering?
A.
You didn’t understand a definition and therefore can’t correctly recall it on an exam
B.
You have trouble reminiscing about your grade school experience because you blocked it out of your memory
C.
You can’t remember the name of your friend’s cat even though you have met the cat before
D.
You falsely recognize a definition term on an exam, remembering the word but not the concept
Question #14
The testing effect refers to:
A.
repeated self-testing as a way to enhance retention of information
B.
losing the majority of the information you learned for the test immediately after the test
C.
writing a test in the same state that you studied the material should enhance retention
D.
the emotional letdown people often experience after writing a test.
Question #15
If new experiences disrupt recall of old experiences, this is referred to as:
A.
retroactive interference.
B.
proactive interference.
C.
retrieval failure.
D.
simply forgetting.
Question #16
Dianne is learning to play tennis. She is quite an accomplished badminton player. She is having a difficult time adjusting her stroke to account for the weight of the racquet and ball in tennis. This is an example of:
A.
semantic interference
B.
cerebellar interference
C.
retroactive interference
D.
proactive interference
Question #17
Cues that work best to evoke retrieval are those that recreate the event or name to be remembered and sometimes the target itself. However, sometimes these cues do not work and people are unsuccessful in identifying the correct answer. For example, if I am trying to cue someone to think of their home-phone, I might give the cue “phone”. However, this could also prompt the individual to recall words like work-phone or cell-phone, thus failing to recall home-phone. Which phenomenon describes this failure?
A.
false storage of information
B.
recognition failure of recallable words
C.
misinformation of cues
D.
false consolidation processes
Question #18
“Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally” (PEMDAS) is a popular way for math teachers to help their students remember the order of operations (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction). This is an example of:
A.
misinformation effect
B.
Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect
C.
mnemonic devices
D.
testing Effect
Question #19
Episodic memory is the memory system that holds what kind of information?
A.
generalized knowledge
B.
knowledge necessary for abstract problem solving
C.
knowledge required for reading
D.
autobiographical knowledge
Question #20
During the lecture Wayne is busy texting on his cell phone, while kind of half paying attention to what the professor is saying. A few minutes after making a point the professor gives an pop quiz on the material. Wayne can’t retrieve the information the prof gave in the lecture and does poorly on the test. A likely factor in Wayne’s not being able to retrieve the information is:
A.
encoding failure
B.
state dependent memory
C.
context dependent memory
D.
encoding elaboration
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