Psychology 041 - Life Span Psychology From Infancy to Old Age » Spring 2022 » Third Midterm

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Question #1
Erikson’s developmental crisis of middle childhood (from about 6 to 12 years) is
A.   autonomy versus shame and doubt.
B.   industry versus inferiority.
C.   trust versus mistrust.
D.   identity versus role confusion.
Question #2
A child caring for himself or herself at home without adult supervision is engaged in
A.   self-care.
B.   self-control.
C.   self-esteem.
D.   self-discipline.
Question #3
Research has provided considerable evidence that children do better when raised in families with two biological parents or two parents who adopted the child in infancy. What type of family is this called?
A.   A reconstituted family.
B.   A nontraditional family.
C.   A blended family.
D.   A traditional family.
Question #4
Traditionally, information about adoptions, especially the identity of the birth mother, was kept secret. In recent years, the adoption parties have shared information or had direct contact. This process is called
A.   direct adoption.
B.   shared adoption.
C.   communicative adoption.
D.   open adoption.
Question #5
Which of the following pairs of siblings is most likely to quarrel?
A.   Older sister and younger brother
B.   Older brother and younger sister
C.   Two girls
D.   Two boys
Question #6
Based on measures of sociometric popularity, a child who receives many positive nominations would be classified as
A.   neglected.
B.   average.
C.   popular.
D.   rejected.
Question #7
Colton wanted another child’s toy at school and behaved aggressively to get it. Once Colton got the toy he walked away. This is an example of
A.   hostile personality disorder.
B.   hostile attribution bias.
C.   self-fulfilling prophecy.
D.   instrumental aggression.
Question #8
Roxanne just posted embarrassing photos of her ex-best friend on several social media sites. Roxanne is engaging in
A.   proactive bullying.
B.   cyberbullying.
C.   overt aggression.
D.   reactive bullying.
Question #9
A pattern of defiance and hostility toward adult authority lasting at least six months is called
A.   oppositional defiant disorder.
B.   bipolar disorder.
C.   conduct disorder.
D.   fear of leaving one’s mother.
Question #10
Michelle is seeing a therapist one-on-one, to help her with her fear of school. Michelle is seeking which form of treatment?
A.   Administrative therapy
B.   Soloist therapy
C.   Individual therapy
D.   Group therapy
Question #11
Before the 20th century, there was no concept of adolescence; children moved to adulthood either through physical maturity or when they began apprenticeships. Adolescence is
A.   a social construction.
B.   an arbitrary state.
C.   a genetically determined stage.
D.   a sign of puberty.
Question #12
Annabeth often eats to excess, consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting. This pattern of food consumption is most consistent with
A.   binge eating disorder.
B.   yo-yo dieting.
C.   anorexia nervosa.
D.   bulimic neurosis.
Question #13
Secret gorging on food followed by vomiting, fasting, or purging with use of laxatives is characteristic of
A.   anorexia nervosa.
B.   obese teenagers.
C.   compulsive dieters.
D.   bulimia nervosa.
Question #14
Miranda has not eaten any food for the last three days. She has lost so much weight recently that her bones are showing through her skin. Even then, when Miranda looks in the mirror, she sees a person who needs to lose another ten pounds. This behavioral pattern is most consistent with
A.   yo-yo dieting.
B.   anorexia nervosa.
C.   binge eating disorder.
D.   bulimia nervosa.
Question #15
Lucy solves a chemistry problem by systematically testing several hypotheses. She is at which stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget?
A.   Preoperational
B.   Concrete operations
C.   Sensorimotor
D.   Formal operations
Question #16
The awareness and monitoring of one’s own mental processes and strategies is called
A.   bilateral cognition.
B.   cognition.
C.   metacognition.
D.   processing.
Question #17
According to research described in the text, parents of high school students who earned the highest grades were likely to be
A.   inconsistent.
B.   permissive.
C.   authoritarian.
D.   authoritative.
Question #18
A parent that is never satisfied with their children’s good grades and will punish for poor grades engages in
A.   authoritative parenting.
B.   authoritarian parenting.
C.   permissive parenting.
D.   neglectful parenting.
Question #19
A student’s desire to learn for the sake of learning is called
A.   intrinsic motivation.
B.   self-efficacy.
C.   extrinsic motivation.
D.   inward achievement.
Question #20
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of
A.   formal operational thought.
B.   sensorimotor thought.
C.   concrete operational thought.
D.   preoperational thought.
Question #21
Diane is 13 years old and is pondering her own talents, interests, and needs, as well as her place in society. According to Erikson, this struggle represents the crisis of
A.   intimacy versus isolation.
B.   identity versus role confusion.
C.   industry versus inferiority.
D.   autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Question #22
James Marcia identifies four identity states or statuses, according to the presence or absence of
A.   crisis and foreclosure.
B.   moratorium and commitment.
C.   foreclosure and moratorium.
D.   crisis and commitment.
Question #23
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the name of the fifth stage of development and is experienced during adolescence?
A.   initiative versus guilt
B.   industry versus inferiority
C.   identity versus role confusion
D.   intimacy versus isolation
Question #24
Sabrina has thought about entering the field of medicine for several years. She went through a period of crisis before settling on this occupation. According to Marcia, what is her identity status?
A.   Foreclosure
B.   Identity diffusion
C.   Moratorium
D.   Identity achievement
Question #25
When asked what she plans to become when she gets older, Sierra replies, “I am going into nursing just like my mother told me to.” Marcia would suggest that Sierra is in a state of
A.   identity foreclosure.
B.   identity diffusion.
C.   identity achievement.
D.   identity moratorium.
Question #26
When his psychology teacher asks Billy what his plans after high school are, Billy just shrugs his shoulders and says, “I have not really thought about it much.” Marcia would place Billy in a state of
A.   identity diffusion.
B.   identity achievement.
C.   identity foreclosure.
D.   identity moratorium.
Question #27
What is the term used to describe the search for autonomy and differentiation?
A.   Moratorium
B.   Individuation
C.   Diffusion
D.   Acceptance
Question #28
Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for
A.   premenstrual syndrome.
B.   a digestive system failure.
C.   puberty in females.
D.   painful menstruation.
Question #29
The ability to recognize and deal with one’s own feelings and the feelings of others is called
A.   cognitive intelligence.
B.   intelligence.
C.   cognitive emotions.
D.   emotional intelligence.
Question #30
One of the benefits of being married is
A.   compromised physical and psychological health.
B.   more opportunities to resolve conflict.
C.   more disabilities or chronic conditions.
D.   living longer.
Question #31
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is
A.   of emotional origin without any other biological explanation.
B.   another term for dysmenorrhea, or menstrual cramps.
C.   experienced before the menstrual period and then declines.
D.   an emotional disorder with no physical symptoms.
Question #32
One major difference between Piaget’s cognitive development model and Schaie’s model of cognitive development is
A.   Schaie’s models address cognitive development across the life span, while Piaget ended at adolescence.
B.   Piaget focused on the entire life span, while Schaie concentrated only on childhood and adolescence.
C.   Piaget’s model ignored the first five years of cognitive development, while Schaie’s model did not.
D.   Schaie ignored childhood completely and Piaget focused only on childhood.
Question #33
Jane applies what she learns at work during her evenings out with friends. Jane's carryover of knowledge is predicted by the
A.   delayed hypothesis.
B.   progressive syndrome.
C.   sluice gate theory.
D.   spillover hypothesis
Question #34
According to Kohlberg, which of the following stages of moral reasoning cannot be reached until late adolescence or young adulthood?
A.   Preconventional
B.   Postconventional
C.   Conventional
D.   Experiential
Question #35
Edward always seems to know what to say to his boss to get on his good side. As a result, Edward has received three promotions over the last two years. Sternberg would suggest that Edward possesses
A.   inside knowledge.
B.   critical knowledge.
C.   tacit knowledge.
D.   componential knowledge.
Question #36
According to Schaie, an individual in the responsible stage is capable of
A.   using knowledge to pursue goals.
B.   solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
C.   acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
D.   reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.
Question #37
According to Schaie, an individual in the acquisitive stage is capable of
A.   acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
B.   using knowledge to pursue goals.
C.   reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.
D.   solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
Question #38
According to Schaie, an individual in the reorganizing stage is capable of
A.   solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
B.   reorganizing his or her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.
C.   acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
D.   using knowledge to pursue goals.
Question #39
According to Schaie, an individual in the achieving stage is capable of
A.   reorganizing his/her life and intellectual energies around meaningful pursuits.
B.   using knowledge to pursue goals.
C.   solving practical problems associated with responsibilities to others.
D.   acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
Question #40
Regular physical activity provides a number of benefits, including
A.   increased anxiety and stress.
B.   improved cardiovascular fitness.
C.   early onset of osteoporosis.
D.   decreased muscle mass.
Question #41
Betty has a profile on Facebook and has her smartphone with her at all times. Betty would be described as a
A.   Retiree.
B.   Millennial.
C.   Baby Boomer.
D.   Centenarian.
Question #42
According to the five-factor model, Alice, who is hostile and impulsive, would be described as
A.   extraverted.
B.   neurotic.
C.   introverted.
D.   agreeable.
Question #43
According to the five-factor model, Steve, who is gregarious and assertive, would be described as
A.   open to experience.
B.   neurotic.
C.   conscientious.
D.   extraverted.
Question #44
Cathy is always willing to try new things. At dinner last night she sampled three new kinds of sushi. According to the five-factor model, Cathy would be described as
A.   extraverted.
B.   open to experience.
C.   agreeable.
D.   neurotic.
Question #45
The five-factor model of personality emphasizes
A.   stability of personality characteristics over much of adult life.
B.   personality changes that occur during middle childhood.
C.   five crises that adolescents and young adults experience that produce instability in personality.
D.   normative influences on adaptive mechanisms in mid-life.
Question #46
  
A.   ego-resilient personalities.
B.   undercontrolled personalities.
C.   ego-controlled personalities.
D.   overcontrolled personalities.
Question #47
All of the following personality types reflect the typological model of personality except
A.   ego-resilient.
B.   conflicted.
C.   overcontrolled.
D.   undercontrolled.
Question #48
Jack is perceived by his friends as highly stubborn and impulsive. Considering the typological approach to personality development, Jack would be considered
A.   well-adjusted.
B.   ego-resilient.
C.   overcontrolled.
D.   undercontrolled.
Question #49
The term used for society’s norms or expectations for the appropriate timing-of-life events is the
A.   cohort time.
B.   social clock.
C.   individual clock.
D.   normative time.
Question #50
Dr. Dunn says that she supports Erik Erikson’s model of development, which assumes that people pass through a universal sequence of age-related social and emotional changes during the life span. According to the text, Dr. Dunn supports the
A.   normative-stage model.
B.   normative-sequential model.
C.   timing-of-events model.
D.   idiosyncratic stage theory model.

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