Psychology 365 - introduction to Gerontology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
From the life course perspective, which research method/design is most appropriate for investigating the changes individuals’ experience as they age?
A.
Mechanical Turk survey design
B.
None of these
C.
Quasi-experimental design
D.
Longitudinal designs
E.
Cross-sectional experimental design
Question #2
What is an example of the life course perspective? 1. Billy ate two donuts at the age of 79 and experienced a heart attack. Everyone thought he would live to at least the age of 84, they were wrong. 2. For the past five years, Billy has gone through many life transitions and has gotten a divorce and then remarried.Also this year Billy’s son will have a child and he will become a grandpa. Billy wanted to be a supportive grandparent, just like his grandparents were to him when he was younger. He attributes his grandparents’ support to his strength in dealing with all he has gone through in the past five years. 3. Billy’s grandma lived to the ripe age of 100, Billy expects to live to around 100 as well. 4. When he was young Billy saw his parents go though a terrible divorce because his father worked too many hours at the box factory.Now at the age of 38 Billy is going through a similar experience, and attributes the divorce to his working such long hours. 5. 2 and 4 are both correct
A.
Choice 5
B.
Choice 1
C.
Choice 2
D.
Choice 3
E.
Choice 4
Question #3
This video on Buford Pritchett is a best example of…
A.
Cognitive Staging
B.
Full Retirement
C.
Productive Aging
D.
Phase Retirement Aging
E.
Aging in Stay
Question #4
Dr. Hwang argues that a necessary criteria for someone to be considered aging “successfully” they must have their physical health. However, Dr. Buss argues that you do not necessarily need your physical health, because it is more important how an individual deals with those health issues that arise with age. What criteria of aging “successfully” are Dr. Hwang and Dr. Buss arguing for?
A.
Dr. Hwang --> productivity aging model, Dr. Buss -->Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model of aging
B.
Dr. Hwang --> successful aging model; Dr. Buss -->Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model of aging
C.
Dr. Hwang --> successful aging model; Dr. Buss --> productivity aging model
D.
Dr. Hwang --> productivity aging model; Dr. Buss --> successful aging model
E.
Dr. Hwang --> Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model of aging; Dr. Buss --> successful aging model
Question #5
Giovann loves her work and feels like this is what she was born to do. Jazlyn believes her work is good, and she is good at it, and her ultimate goal is to “become the CEO of the company one day.” Maria is ambivalent about her work, and sees it as “just a paycheck.” Which of the following best describes their respective classification of job, career, and calling.
A.
Giovann – calling; Jazlyn – job; Maria – career.
B.
Giovann – calling; Jazlyn – job; Maria – job.
C.
Giovann – calling; Jazlyn – calling; Maria – career.
D.
Giovann – calling; Jazlyn – career; Maria – job.
E.
Giovann – career; Jazlyn – calling; Maria – job.
Question #6
Juliet at the age of 42 believes that she is going through a midlife crisis. According to the research on midlife crises what is most likely…
A.
Juliet is experiencing what most people experience around this age
B.
Juliet is unhappy with her health
C.
Juliet is experiencing what most people experience around this age and strongly dislikes her boss
D.
Juliet strongly dislikes her boss
E.
Juliet also went through a crisis at some point earlier in life
Question #7
Allison wants to give back to the community but she isn’t sure how. She feels that there are so many ways she could give back such as volunteering at the school or joining the Big Sister Mentoring program. Allison is displaying the psychosocial need for…
A.
Continuity
B.
Generativity
C.
Attachment
D.
Social Norming
E.
Ego-integrity
Question #8
Which of the following is NOT an example of ageism?
A.
John is fired because the company considers him “too old” for the position
B.
Katie is fired because she does not learn technology as quick as everyone else
C.
Jermey is hired over Jen because Jared seems to young to be responsible
D.
Bryan’s application is thrown out because he is over the age of 55
E.
All these are examples of ageism
Question #9
Socioeconomic status is hypothesized to influence the experience of aging because…
A.
None of these relate to socioeconomic status and the aging experience
B.
Income allows certain experiences to be attained while keeping it out of reach for others
C.
In general, one’s occupational characteristics might facilitate social mobility through advancement while others do not
D.
All these are correct
E.
On average, educational attainment and unemployment are negatively correlated (one goes up other one goes down)
Question #10
Sarah argues that a necessary criterion for someone to be considered aging “successfully” they must have their physical health. However, Dr. Jazlyn argues that you do not necessarily need your physical health, because it is more important how an individual deals with those health issues that arise with age. What criteria of aging “successfully” are Dr. Sarah and Dr. Jazlyn arguing for?
A.
Dr. Sarah --> successful aging model; Dr. Jazlyn --> Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model of aging
B.
Dr. Sarah --> Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model of aging, Dr. Jazlyn --> successful aging model
C.
Dr. Sarah --> productivity aging model, Dr. Buss --> Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model of aging
D.
Dr. Sarah --> successful aging model, Dr. Jazlyn --> productivity aging model
E.
Dr. Sarah --> productivity aging model, Dr. Jazlyn --> successful aging model
Question #11
A disadvantage to providing entitlements such as Social Security and Medicare based on age is…
A.
It provides people some guaranteed source of income and healthcare regardless of their situation
B.
It provides benefits to people who might not need them
C.
It forces people to think about saving for retirement
D.
It cost less money to give a mass of people entitlements at once
E.
All these are correct
Question #12
The majority of findings on the midlife suggests that…
A.
Money in midlife is the greatest
B.
Physical health in midlife is the highest
C.
Midlife is the intersection between cognitive and physical declines and rises in life satisfaction occur
D.
Throughout the midlife, higher physical health always corresponds with higher life satisfaction
E.
None of these are correct
Question #13
Watch the video and select the statement that is most true How to connect with aging parents during the coronavirus pandemic l GMA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRPhp1yPKSo)
A.
Older adults don't want to use technology
B.
Older adults and their children can only meet in person to foster closeness
C.
Older adults still strive for close social interactions
D.
Older adults want to disengage from society
Question #14
The super agers in this video best exemplify…
A.
Living in retirement homes is the best way to go
B.
Successful Generativity
C.
Selection, Optimization, and Compensation
D.
Super's MIDUS Model
E.
Aging is terrible
Question #15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0fRAr-ZHCo (Links to an external site.) What are NOT promising consequences of telomeres on the aging process?
A.
Ability to study natural and unnatural cell division
B.
Expansion of the lifespan
C.
Ability to leverage telmorase to repair telomeres
D.
Expansion of knowledge of longevity
E.
Ability to control heart disease -- the number killer of most people in the developing nations
Question #16
All people get grumpier as they age is...
A.
People actually remain or increase their well-being with age
B.
Not according to many large studies on aging
C.
Not the case, as evidence by the Paradox of Aging findings
D.
All these are correct
E.
A wise-tale -- with maybe some anecdotal evidence, but epidemiological does not hold
Question #17
Modern retirement is filled with more choices because…
A.
Humans in general are living longer and healthier lives in the retirement years
B.
Retirement has become a process rather than one defined life event
C.
In general the roles and responsibilities of older adults have increased
D.
All these are correct
E.
Individuals continue to work to maintain their standard of living
Question #18
Consistently, research shows that those who are forced or who retire abruptly…
A.
Generally experience higher levels of well-being in retirement
B.
Generally experience lower levels of well-being in retirement
C.
All these are correct
D.
Often find a job or career right after the retirement event
E.
Develop stronger resiliency to negative health incidences
Question #19
Before contemplating whether to retire or continue to work, individuals usually have to assess which of the following aspects of their lives?
A.
If they have enough money to sustain a comfortable standard of living and their own health
B.
If they have enough money to sustain a comfortable standard of living
C.
Whether they can retire and qualify for social services or benefits
D.
All these are correct
E.
Their own health
Question #20
According to the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation model, someone who is experiencing poor health in retirement…
A.
All these are correct
B.
Needs to utilize select social services to have upward gains in mobility
C.
None of these
D.
May adapt by utilizing their resources and strengthening current abilities to adapt to losses in functioning
E.
Must have the assistance of others to live well and adapt to losses in functioning
Question #21
According to the Theory of Psychosocial Development, in Middle-Old Adulthood--the main developmental task is to…
A.
Hone ego-dispair functions
B.
Create money reserves
C.
Satisfy need for generativity
D.
Establish intimacy
E.
Develop workplace friendships
Question #22
In terms of retirement...what can you do earlier in the life course to FIRE… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8si7cqw9wm0
A.
All these are correct
B.
Investing in market funds that yield at least 7% yearly
C.
Only withdraw 4% of savings for expenses during retirement
D.
Being Frugal with spending
E.
It is a cold world and none of the above are correct
Question #23
In terms of marriage, the general trend in western cultures is that on average…
A.
Male marriage age has not changed since the 1950s
B.
Male marriage has become more dependent on parental sponsorship
C.
Males marry earlier compared to the 1950s
D.
Males marry later compared to the 1950s
E.
Male marriage has become more about tax reform
Question #24
In terms of marriage, the general trend in western cultures is that on average…
A.
Females marry earlier compared to the 1950s
B.
Females marriage has become more dependent on parental sponsorship
C.
Females marriage age has not changed since the 1950s
D.
None of these
E.
Females marry later compared to the 1950s
Question #25
Hamilton is a sophomore at CSUN and can’t decide on a major/career path to pursue. He consistently makes statements such as “there is just too much out there” and “I am afraid to make the wrong choice.” Hamilton feels that he has so many opportunities to choose from, but is paralyzed by all the choices. According to Arnett’s emerging adulthood period, Hamilton is…
A.
Is a minority to have this experience in Western civilizations, but would be majority in 3rd world cultures
B.
All these are correct
C.
None of these
D.
Going through a normative experience and is in the age of self-focused exploration and it is healthy
Question #26
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Arnett’s emerging adulthood period?
A.
Age of possibilities
B.
Attachment formation
C.
Self-focused exploration
D.
Identity exploration
E.
Instability
Question #27
The general finding is that the more education attainment an individual has…
A.
More influence to command divorce and money afterwards
B.
The greater likelihood of being divorced
C.
No influence on divorce rates
D.
The lower likelihood of being divorced
E.
None of these
Question #28
On average, those who are _________ for meaning have _______levels of well-being.
A.
not searching; similar
B.
searching; similar
C.
searching; lower
D.
not searching; lower
E.
searching; higher
Question #29
In emerging adulthood, the search for intimate relationships and work is postulated to be so important during this period because…
A.
None of these
B.
It is a period to seek out and try different jobs/careers
C.
All these are correct
D.
It is a period to build human capital (networks)
E.
The societal infrastructure is most appropriate to conduct these searches
Question #30
Your friend Bryan Ro wants to live forever, and he says that the world would be a much better place without death. What are some suggested consequences of negligible senescence?
A.
There is a lack of evidence that negligible senescence -- such as in cells -- has any negative consequences. As long as they have money, there should be no worries
B.
There is a lack of evidence that negligible senescence -- such as in cells -- has any negative consequences
C.
None of these
D.
All these are correct
E.
Resources are infinite and will be used up if negligible senescence existed for the masses. Just like cancer cells are negligible in their senescence -- resources get divert away from vital components to functioning in the body when cancer spreads
Question #31
On average, emerging adults usually have living situations that are…
A.
None are correct
B.
There are no constraints for them--mostly
C.
All these are correct
D.
Dictated by financial constraints and instable
Question #32
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development would suggest that the main developmental task in emerging adulthood would be to establish…
A.
None are correct
B.
intimacy
C.
isolation
D.
trust
E.
ego-integrity
Question #33
The disparities between expectations and social norms between parents and emerging adults may cause conflicts in…
A.
None of these
B.
romantic relationship behaviors or pursuits
C.
work behaviors or pursuits
D.
general timeline of readiness to start a family
E.
All these are correct
Question #34
Emerging adulthood is an important life period because when you start getting old and have more responsibilities it will be harder to…
A.
All these are correct
B.
None of these
C.
Explore the many different types of novel experiences
D.
Explore the many different domains of work
E.
Explore the different domains of love
Question #35
The main point of the video aligns with what concept we discussed in class about Alzheimer's Disease. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7dP25_Sebo
A.
The disease is curable with early intervention
B.
People can get the disease at any point in life...even childhood
C.
The disease manifests differently with varying timelines
D.
Everyone who is old is going to get the disease
E.
The timeline is not really that flexible
Question #36
Socioeconomic status (SES) earlier in life likely impacts retiring older adults later in life. What are accurate examples of this life course connection between earlier and later life…
A.
Those with higher SES are less likely to get divorced and have more money via dual-household retirement when choosing to retire
B.
None of these are accurate examples
C.
Those with higher SES earlier in life are able to save more and have more money when they retirem
D.
All these are accurate examples
E.
Those with lower SES earlier are more likely to have job that physically tax the body and lead to health issues during retirement
Question #37
Gerontology is…
A.
the interdisciplinary scientific study of the process of aging.
B.
requires an understanding of what happened earlier in the life course to understand the aging process
C.
All these are correct
D.
important to understand the biological, psychological, social, and health needs of aging adults
E.
always changing as society changes
Question #38
Aging is…
A.
All these are correct
B.
Has its positives
C.
Has its negatives
D.
Is an inevitable process of being human
E.
Not a disease
Question #39
Danielle found the CURE for Alzheimer's Disease! She sent you this link and said THIS JUICE IS ALL YOU NEED -- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGJcm-2QLAM
A.
YES, I'm going to share this Cure with my Grandmother
B.
These doctors know it all, I know Loma Linda is a great University --so POM Juice really must work to cure Alzhemier's...
C.
The doctors also recommend pairing exercise and other healthier eating -- so POM Juice is not a cure
D.
These experts are from Loma Linda, the place with many super centenaries -- these doctors must really know something I don't.
E.
POM Juice kills the Plaque that causes memory loss -- why aren't more people doing this?! Must be big Pharma
Question #40
The scientific study of gerontology encompasses work from…
A.
across many different academic disciplines to understand the contextual influences of aging
B.
history and psychology only, how do mindsets change across time
C.
between biology, history, and psychology only, only certain factors within these disciplines matter in terms of aging
D.
psychology only, more specifically experimental and social psychology
E.
biology and psychology only, how the body and mind interact
Question #41
Older adults tend to have smaller social circles than younger adults and adolescents. This general trend best offers support for the…
A.
Socioemotional selectivity theory
B.
Wear-and-tear theory
C.
Intersectionality
D.
Model of social aging
E.
Developmental assets theory
F.
Bioecological model of development
Question #42
Bry tells Jeremy that to keep a healthy brain -- Jeremy should play brain training games such as Lumosity and Brain Age. Jeremy has heard of Lumosity and asks you...hey, you're taking an aging class, do brain training games work?
A.
Yes, but only because it was designed to target the hippocampus
B.
Yes, that is why they are backed by all these famous neuroscientists
C.
There is little to no evidence that play these games improves cognitive performance beyond getting better at these games
D.
All these are correct
E.
There is little to no evidence that these games work because you can't do anything to improve your cognitive functioning
Question #43
Your friend, Sheep Blanco is retired but continues to volunteer in her community. She says "I've always been involved in community activities even while working." This is an example supports what type of theoretical life course aging?
A.
Disengagement and Continuity
B.
Fourth Age Aging
C.
Continuity and Productive
D.
Selection, Optimization, and Compensation
E.
Disengagement and Activity
Question #44
This commercial capitalizes on the fact that... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMhHUDnFljA&t=
A.
Seeing older adults not conform to norms shocks us
B.
None of these
C.
Americans have many "anti-aging" beliefs
D.
There is a large aging population in the US
E.
All these are correct
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