Psychology 041 - Life Span Psychology From Infancy to Old Age » Spring 2022 » Final Exam

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Question #1
Though the definition is arbitrary, we refer to the chronological period of age from 40 to 65 as
A.   early adulthood.
B.   older adulthood.
C.   later adulthood.
D.   middle adulthood.
Question #2
Allan is having trouble hearing higher-pitched sounds like some of the tones of his cell phone. Allan is 53 years old and dealing with
A.   presbyopia.
B.   presbycusis.
C.   myopia.
D.   basal metabolism.
Question #3
A condition in which the bones become thin and brittle as a result of calcium depletion is called
A.   arthritis.
B.   osteoarthritis.
C.   osteoporosis.
D.   rheumatoid arthritis.
Question #4
The ability to solve novel problems that require little or no previous knowledge is called
A.   crystallized intelligence.
B.   cognitive intelligence.
C.   fluid intelligence.
D.   numerical intelligence.
Question #5
The ability to remember and use information acquired over a lifetime is called
A.   numerical intelligence.
B.   fluid intelligence.
C.   crystallized intelligence.
D.   cognitive intelligence.
Question #6
During middle adulthood, crystallized intelligence tends to
A.   decrease.
B.   stay the same.
C.   increase.
D.   regress.
Question #7
According to Sternberg, what is the term used to describe the ultimate pattern of love, in which all three components of the triangular theory of love are present.
A.   consummate love.
B.   companionate love.
C.   romantic love.
D.   fatuous love.
Question #8
Belinda, who just turned 48, has begun volunteering at her grandson’s preschool. According to Erikson, Belinda will likely develop
A.   acceptance.
B.   individuation.
C.   generativity.
D.   stagnation.
Question #9
Travis is 44 years old and is worrying about his lost youth, his changing appearance, his unfulfilled dreams, and his future. Normative-crisis models would describe Travis’s emotional state as
A.   a male climacteric.
B.   burnout.
C.   stagnation.
D.   a midlife crisis.
Question #10
Which of the following is a characteristic of an ego-resilient adult?
A.   Having social awkwardness.
B.   The ability to quickly recover from stress.
C.   Feeling a lack of personal meaning in life.
D.   A frenzied manner.
Question #11
Leonard, who is 48, is described as organized and disciplined. In which of the Big Five personality traits would Leonard rate the highest?
A.   introversion
B.   extraversion
C.   conscientiousness
D.   neuroticism
Question #12
Margo, who is in her early 20s, is about to marry. If current literature is correct, when might she expect the most stress and unhappiness in her marriage?
A.   as a newlywed
B.   in late adulthood
C.   immediately after the birth of a child
D.   after the children leave home
Question #13
According to gerontologists, individuals who are counted among the “oldest old” are at least
A.   95 years old.
B.   75 years old.
C.   65 years old.
D.   85 years old.
Question #14
The second most common disorder involving progressive neurological degeneration in older adults, characterized by tremors, stiffness, and unstable posture, is
A.   Alzheimer's disease.
B.   Parkinson’s disease.
C.   depression.
D.   dementia.
Question #15
The text refers to what age as beginning the period of late adulthood?
A.   75
B.   70
C.   60
D.   65
Question #16
Gloria eats right, exercises, and lives a healthy lifestyle. Gloria’s behavior will primarily affect
A.   secondary aging.
B.   tertiary aging.
C.   primary aging.
D.   Her behavior will affect primary, secondary, and tertiary aging equally.
Question #17
Even though you haven’t played tennis in years, you pick up a racquet and go out and play a pretty decent game. Your memory of how to play tennis is considered
A.   primary memory.
B.   semantic memory.
C.   working memory.
D.   procedural memory.
Question #18
Rick is 70 years old and is now in late adulthood. Rick is in Erikson’s stage of development called
A.   generativity vs. stagnation.
B.   identity vs. identity confusion.
C.   ego integrity vs. despair.
D.   intimacy vs. isolation.
Question #19
The theory that says the more active older people remain, the better they age, is the
A.   ambiguous theory.
B.   continuity theory.
C.   activity theory.
D.   disengagement theory.
Question #20
Robert Atchley proposed a theory that emphasizes people’s need to maintain a connection between the past and the present, which is the
A.   activity theory.
B.   continuity theory.
C.   disengagement theory.
D.   ambiguous theory.
Question #21
The choice of older adults to live in their own homes or in their own communities is referred to as
A.   "aging in home".
B.   "aging in community".
C.   “aging in place".
D.   "aging in town".
Question #22
Aging adults maintain their level of social support by identifying members of their social network who can help them and avoiding those who are not supportive, which goes with the theory of social
A.   convoy.
B.   context.
C.   congruency.
D.   construct.
Question #23
A personal, patient, and family oriented, compassionate type of care for the terminally ill is called
A.   hospital care.
B.   nursing care.
C.   thanatology care.
D.   hospice care.
Question #24
A widely observed decline in cognitive abilities shortly before death is called terminal
A.   decrease.
B.   drop.
C.   thanatology.
D.   loss.
Question #25
The loss of someone to whom a person feels close and the process of adjusting to it is called
A.   bereavement.
B.   sadness.
C.   sorrow.
D.   grief.
Question #26
A process of reminiscence that enables a person to see the significance of his or her life is called
A.   stagnation.
B.   life review.
C.   reevaluation.
D.   generativity.
Question #27
The study of death and dying is called
A.   psychology.
B.   theology.
C.   thanatology.
D.   physiology.
Question #28
In the final stage of the Kubler-Ross model, the dying person will be at a place of
A.   acceptance.
B.   depression.
C.   anger.
D.   bargaining.
Question #29
The relief of pain and suffering, control of symptoms, and maintenance of a satisfactory quality of life is called
A.   palliative care.
B.   preventive care.
C.   protective care.
D.   passive care.
Question #30
Kübler-Ross, in her work with dying people, found that there are stages in coming to terms with death. She referred to a stage marked by refusal to accept the reality of what is happening as
A.   bargaining.
B.   denial.
C.   acceptance.
D.   anger.
Question #31
Change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, and reasoning would constitute which type of development?
A.   psychosocial
B.   cognitive
C.   physical
D.   physiological
Question #32
The family that consists of two generations with parents and children, either biological children, step children, or adopted children, is called
A.   nuclear.
B.   extended.
C.   post modern.
D.   multigenerational.
Question #33
In contrast with Freud, Erikson placed more emphasis on
A.   intellectual development.
B.   social and cultural influences.
C.   physical development.
D.   the role of parents.
Question #34
Which of the following methods was designed to deal with the disadvantages of both the longitudinal and cross-sectional designs?
A.   life-span sampling
B.   sequential design
C.   behavior sampling
D.   clinical
Question #35
A fertilized ovum is also called
A.   an embryo.
B.   a morphogen.
C.   a fetus.
D.   a zygote.
Question #36
Why are there fontanelles in a neonate’s skull?
A.   To ease the passage of the neonate through the birth canal.
B.   To allow for rapid postnatal brain expansion.
C.   To allow for growth during the first six months.
D.   To prevent calcium deposits from damaging cartilage.
Question #37
  
A.   Lamaze method.
B.   prepared birth.
C.   medicated birth.
D.   cesarean section.
Question #38
An assessment of the newborn’s appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration is called the
A.   Brazelton Neonatal Assessment.
B.   Appleton’s Neonatal Assessment of pulse and breathing.
C.   Apgar scale.
D.   Phenylketonuria, or PKU, screening.
Question #39
Olivia calls all four-legged, furry animals “kitty” because she has a four-legged, furry cat. Olivia is exhibiting
A.   underextending.
B.   overregularizing.
C.   overextending.
D.   the use of holophrases.
Question #40
The brain has neurons that help a person mimic other people’s actions, called
A.   mirror neurons.
B.   cognitive neurons.
C.   social awareness neurons.
D.   hippocampal neurons.
Question #41
When discussing maltreatment of children by adults, injury to the body is classified as
A.   emotional maltreatment.
B.   physical abuse.
C.   neglect.
D.   inappropriate food.
Question #42
Ted’s schedules are predictable, he adapts easily, he is pleasant, and he responds well to change. Which kind of temperament does he have?
A.   easy child
B.   placid child
C.   slow-to-warm-up child
D.   difficult child
Question #43
Piaget designed the “three mountain task” to study
A.   egocentrism in young children.
B.   centration in young children.
C.   irreversibility in young children.
D.   conservation ion young children.
Question #44
Mark and Ted are playing checkers on the back porch. The boys are engaged in
A.   dramatic play.
B.   constructive play.
C.   formal games with rules.
D.   functional play.
Question #45
According to Piaget, children enter which stage at about the age of seven?
A.   preoperational
B.   formal operational
C.   sensorimotor
D.   concrete operational
Question #46
What is the term used to describe Howard Gardner's eighth type of intelligence, which involves the ability to distinguish species and their characteristics?
A.   naturalist intelligence.
B.   musical intelligence.
C.   bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
D.   interpersonal intelligence.
Question #47
Erikson’s fourth stage of psychosocial development is
A.   identity versus role confusion.
B.   autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C.   industry versus inferiority.
D.   trust versus mistrust.
Question #48
Stacy often eats to excess, consuming very large quantities of food in one sitting. After she binges, Stacy will then go to the gym for hours at time. Stacy’s behavioral pattern is most consistent with
A.   bulimia nervosa.
B.   yo-yo dieting.
C.   binge eating disorder.
D.   anorexia nervosa.
Question #49
According to Erikson, adolescents are in the crisis of
A.   identity versus role confusion.
B.   industry versus inferiority.
C.   autonomy versus shame and doubt.
D.   intimacy versus isolation.
Question #50
Of the following, which is not a criterion most people use when defining adulthood?
A.   becoming financially independent
B.   accepting responsibility for oneself
C.   getting married or cohabitating
D.   making independent decisions
Question #51
Jessica was born long before her due date, and was significantly underweight at birth. This was most likely because her mother smoked cigarettes during the embryo stage of her pregnancy as she was not smoking cigarettes during the fetal stage of her pregnancy and the zygote stage carries with it the least amount of risk from cigarette smoking. Fortunately, Jessica was an incredibly resilient infant, and easily caught up with her age-mates in most developmental areas. By age two, Jessica’s language skills were on par, and she was uttering short sentences, such as “want juice.” She regularly engaged in make-believe play with her favorite stuffed animals and loved using crayons to draw pictures of the people in her family, including her dog, Skippy. By age seven, Jessica absolutely loved school because she had an insatiable desire to learn and become good at all of the interesting academic subjects she had previously heard about, including math, history, and art. She derived a ton of pleasure from the tasks her teacher assigned in school, and because she started to excel above many of her peers, she felt very good about herself. When Jessica was in 5th grade, a scientist named Dr. Chavez visited her classroom to discuss a 2-week study that he was conducting, examining the similarities and differences among themes represented in artistic drawings among children of ages 5, 10, and 15. Since Jessica loved to draw, she hoped her mother would allow her to participate in this study. Which of the following is the correct order of stages during prenatal development?
A.   Fetus, embryo, zygote
B.   Zygote, embryo, fetus
C.   Fetus, zygote, embryo
D.   Zygote, fetus, embryo
Question #52
Jessica was born long before her due date, and was significantly underweight at birth. This was most likely because her mother smoked cigarettes during the embryo stage of her pregnancy as she was not smoking cigarettes during the fetal stage of her pregnancy and the zygote stage carries with it the least amount of risk from cigarette smoking. Fortunately, Jessica was an incredibly resilient infant, and easily caught up with her age-mates in most developmental areas. By age two, Jessica’s language skills were on par, and she was uttering short sentences, such as “want juice.” She regularly engaged in make-believe play with her favorite stuffed animals and loved using crayons to draw pictures of the people in her family, including her dog, Skippy. By age seven, Jessica absolutely loved school because she had an insatiable desire to learn and become good at all of the interesting academic subjects she had previously heard about, including math, history, and art. She derived a ton of pleasure from the tasks her teacher assigned in school, and because she started to excel above many of her peers, she felt very good about herself. When Jessica was in 5th grade, a scientist named Dr. Chavez visited her classroom to discuss a 2-week study that he was conducting, examining the similarities and differences among themes represented in artistic drawings among children of ages 5, 10, and 15. Since Jessica loved to draw, she hoped her mother would allow her to participate in this study. As Jessica entered school, her strong sense of accomplishment and desire to achieve would support issues raised by ___________.
A.   Behaviorism
B.   Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
C.   Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
D.   Social learning theory
Question #53
Jessica was born long before her due date, and was significantly underweight at birth. This was most likely because her mother smoked cigarettes during the embryo stage of her pregnancy as she was not smoking cigarettes during the fetal stage of her pregnancy and the zygote stage carries with it the least amount of risk from cigarette smoking. Fortunately, Jessica was an incredibly resilient infant, and easily caught up with her age-mates in most developmental areas. By age two, Jessica’s language skills were on par, and she was uttering short sentences, such as “want juice.” She regularly engaged in make-believe play with her favorite stuffed animals and loved using crayons to draw pictures of the people in her family, including her dog, Skippy. By age seven, Jessica absolutely loved school because she had an insatiable desire to learn and become good at all of the interesting academic subjects she had previously heard about, including math, history, and art. She derived a ton of pleasure from the tasks her teacher assigned in school, and because she started to excel above many of her peers, she felt very good about herself. When Jessica was in 5th grade, a scientist named Dr. Chavez visited her classroom to discuss a 2-week study that he was conducting, examining the similarities and differences among themes represented in artistic drawings among children of ages 5, 10, and 15. Since Jessica loved to draw, she hoped her mother would allow her to participate in this study. When Jessica compares her abilities in school to those of her peers, she feels a sense of satisfaction that ultimately leads to a high sense of ________.
A.   Shame
B.   Morality
C.   Inferiority
D.   Self-esteem.
Question #54
Jessica was born long before her due date, and was significantly underweight at birth. This was most likely because her mother smoked cigarettes during the embryo stage of her pregnancy as she was not smoking cigarettes during the fetal stage of her pregnancy and the zygote stage carries with it the least amount of risk from cigarette smoking. Fortunately, Jessica was an incredibly resilient infant, and easily caught up with her age-mates in most developmental areas. By age two, Jessica’s language skills were on par, and she was uttering short sentences, such as “want juice.” She regularly engaged in make-believe play with her favorite stuffed animals and loved using crayons to draw pictures of the people in her family, including her dog, Skippy. By age seven, Jessica absolutely loved school because she had an insatiable desire to learn and become good at all of the interesting academic subjects she had previously heard about, including math, history, and art. She derived a ton of pleasure from the tasks her teacher assigned in school, and because she started to excel above many of her peers, she felt very good about herself. When Jessica was in 5th grade, a scientist named Dr. Chavez visited her classroom to discuss a 2-week study that he was conducting, examining the similarities and differences among themes represented in artistic drawings among children of ages 5, 10, and 15. Since Jessica loved to draw, she hoped her mother would allow her to participate in this study. During the early childhood years, Jessica’s developing use of language and her engagement in fantasy play in which she pretends her stuffed animals are characters with life-like qualities would support issues raised by___________.
A.   Behaviorism
B.   Social learning theory
C.   Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
D.   Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
Question #55
Jessica was born long before her due date, and was significantly underweight at birth. This was most likely because her mother smoked cigarettes during the embryo stage of her pregnancy as she was not smoking cigarettes during the fetal stage of her pregnancy and the zygote stage carries with it the least amount of risk from cigarette smoking. Fortunately, Jessica was an incredibly resilient infant, and easily caught up with her age-mates in most developmental areas. By age two, Jessica’s language skills were on par, and she was uttering short sentences, such as “want juice.” She regularly engaged in make-believe play with her favorite stuffed animals and loved using crayons to draw pictures of the people in her family, including her dog, Skippy. By age seven, Jessica absolutely loved school because she had an insatiable desire to learn and become good at all of the interesting academic subjects she had previously heard about, including math, history, and art. She derived a ton of pleasure from the tasks her teacher assigned in school, and because she started to excel above many of her peers, she felt very good about herself. When Jessica was in 5th grade, a scientist named Dr. Chavez visited her classroom to discuss a 2-week study that he was conducting, examining the similarities and differences among themes represented in artistic drawings among children of ages 5, 10, and 15. Since Jessica loved to draw, she hoped her mother would allow her to participate in this study. Dr. Chavez’s 2-week study examining the similarities and differences among themes represented in artistic drawings among children of ages 5, 10, and 15 is an example of ________ research.
A.   Longitudinal
B.   Cross-sectional
C.   Case study
D.   Ethnographic
Question #56
Chris is a 93 year old man who was married to Pat for 40 years before she passed away last year. Chris has recently been thinking about his life and all of the things he has accomplished because he is participating in a research study by Dr. Jones. Dr. Jones’ study involves the life choices of people in their 50’s, 70’s, and 90’s and will follow the participants for the next 10 years. Chris was telling Dr. Jones about memorable times in his life. The first thing he told Dr. Jones about was how his body changed as he “became a man” during his teenage years. He told Dr. Jones that he got very tall and seemed to “shoot up” overnight and had many more sexual urges. He noticed that his friends and family began to show him more respect with his new found height. Chris also reports “getting smarter” during that time of his life. He said he was able to hold meaningful conversations with his uncle who is a lawyer. He said his uncle would try to “catch him in a loop” with circular arguments, but he could successfully spot the flaws. Another story Chris told Dr. Jones was about his job as a real estate agent. After working at an agency for 20 years his boss asked him to partner with a brand new agent to “show her the ropes”. He enjoyed working with the other agent a great deal. Finally, Chris discussed the passing of his wife Pat. Since her passing, he’s been very sad. He’s had difficulty eating and sleeping. He misses her a great deal. Dr. Jones lets Chris know that he’ll be in touch to ask more questions over the next 10 years and thanks Chris for his participation. While Chris is “thinking about his life and all of the things he has accomplished”, he is engaging in a process called:
A.   Bucket listing
B.   Death and dying
C.   Life-review
D.   Self-reflection
Question #57
Chris is a 93 year old man who was married to Pat for 40 years before she passed away last year. Chris has recently been thinking about his life and all of the things he has accomplished because he is participating in a research study by Dr. Jones. Dr. Jones’ study involves the life choices of people in their 50’s, 70’s, and 90’s and will follow the participants for the next 10 years. Chris was telling Dr. Jones about memorable times in his life. The first thing he told Dr. Jones about was how his body changed as he “became a man” during his teenage years. He told Dr. Jones that he got very tall and seemed to “shoot up” overnight and had many more sexual urges. He noticed that his friends and family began to show him more respect with his new found height. Chris also reports “getting smarter” during that time of his life. He said he was able to hold meaningful conversations with his uncle who is a lawyer. He said his uncle would try to “catch him in a loop” with circular arguments, but he could successfully spot the flaws. Another story Chris told Dr. Jones was about his job as a real estate agent. After working at an agency for 20 years his boss asked him to partner with a brand new agent to “show her the ropes”. He enjoyed working with the other agent a great deal. Finally, Chris discussed the passing of his wife Pat. Since her passing, he’s been very sad. He’s had difficulty eating and sleeping. He misses her a great deal. Dr. Jones lets Chris know that he’ll be in touch to ask more questions over the next 10 years and thanks Chris for his participation. Dr. Jones’ study involves the life choices of people in their 50’s, 70’s, and 90’s and will follow the participants for the next 10 years. Which of the following best describes Dr. Jones’ research?
A.   Longitudinal
B.   Cross-sectional
C.   Survey
D.   Cross-sequential
Question #58
Chris is a 93 year old man who was married to Pat for 40 years before she passed away last year. Chris has recently been thinking about his life and all of the things he has accomplished because he is participating in a research study by Dr. Jones. Dr. Jones’ study involves the life choices of people in their 50’s, 70’s, and 90’s and will follow the participants for the next 10 years. Chris was telling Dr. Jones about memorable times in his life. The first thing he told Dr. Jones about was how his body changed as he “became a man” during his teenage years. He told Dr. Jones that he got very tall and seemed to “shoot up” overnight and had many more sexual urges. He noticed that his friends and family began to show him more respect with his new found height. Chris also reports “getting smarter” during that time of his life. He said he was able to hold meaningful conversations with his uncle who is a lawyer. He said his uncle would try to “catch him in a loop” with circular arguments, but he could successfully spot the flaws. Another story Chris told Dr. Jones was about his job as a real estate agent. After working at an agency for 20 years his boss asked him to partner with a brand new agent to “show her the ropes”. He enjoyed working with the other agent a great deal. Finally, Chris discussed the passing of his wife Pat. Since her passing, he’s been very sad. He’s had difficulty eating and sleeping. He misses her a great deal. Dr. Jones lets Chris know that he’ll be in touch to ask more questions over the next 10 years and thanks Chris for his participation. The changes Chris described as “becoming a man” and “shooting up” are most consistent with:
A.   Middle childhood
B.   Emerging adulthood
C.   Early childhood
D.   Puberty
Question #59
Chris is a 93 year old man who was married to Pat for 40 years before she passed away last year. Chris has recently been thinking about his life and all of the things he has accomplished because he is participating in a research study by Dr. Jones. Dr. Jones’ study involves the life choices of people in their 50’s, 70’s, and 90’s and will follow the participants for the next 10 years. Chris was telling Dr. Jones about memorable times in his life. The first thing he told Dr. Jones about was how his body changed as he “became a man” during his teenage years. He told Dr. Jones that he got very tall and seemed to “shoot up” overnight and had many more sexual urges. He noticed that his friends and family began to show him more respect with his new found height. Chris also reports “getting smarter” during that time of his life. He said he was able to hold meaningful conversations with his uncle who is a lawyer. He said his uncle would try to “catch him in a loop” with circular arguments, but he could successfully spot the flaws. Another story Chris told Dr. Jones was about his job as a real estate agent. After working at an agency for 20 years his boss asked him to partner with a brand new agent to “show her the ropes”. He enjoyed working with the other agent a great deal. Finally, Chris discussed the passing of his wife Pat. Since her passing, he’s been very sad. He’s had difficulty eating and sleeping. He misses her a great deal. Dr. Jones lets Chris know that he’ll be in touch to ask more questions over the next 10 years and thanks Chris for his participation. As a senior Real Estate Agent working with a junior colleague, Chris is most likely working on Erikson’s stage of:
A.   Generativity vs. Stagnation
B.   Identity vs. Role confusion
C.   Intimacy vs. Isolation
D.   Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Question #60
Chris is a 93 year old man who was married to Pat for 40 years before she passed away last year. Chris has recently been thinking about his life and all of the things he has accomplished because he is participating in a research study by Dr. Jones. Dr. Jones’ study involves the life choices of people in their 50’s, 70’s, and 90’s and will follow the participants for the next 10 years. Chris was telling Dr. Jones about memorable times in his life. The first thing he told Dr. Jones about was how his body changed as he “became a man” during his teenage years. He told Dr. Jones that he got very tall and seemed to “shoot up” overnight and had many more sexual urges. He noticed that his friends and family began to show him more respect with his new found height. Chris also reports “getting smarter” during that time of his life. He said he was able to hold meaningful conversations with his uncle who is a lawyer. He said his uncle would try to “catch him in a loop” with circular arguments, but he could successfully spot the flaws. Another story Chris told Dr. Jones was about his job as a real estate agent. After working at an agency for 20 years his boss asked him to partner with a brand new agent to “show her the ropes”. He enjoyed working with the other agent a great deal. Finally, Chris discussed the passing of his wife Pat. Since her passing, he’s been very sad. He’s had difficulty eating and sleeping. He misses her a great deal. Dr. Jones lets Chris know that he’ll be in touch to ask more questions over the next 10 years and thanks Chris for his participation. The powerful sorrow that Chris feels over the death of his spouse, Pat, is referred to as:
A.   Mourning
B.   Living will
C.   Grief
D.   Thanatology

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