Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
The amyloid plaques displayed by transgenic mice are most prevalent in and around the
A.
structures of the medial temporal lobes.
B.
basal ganglia.
C.
hypothalamus.
D.
cerebellum.
E.
parietal cortex.
Question #2
The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A.
increase the number of synapses.
B.
increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
C.
focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
D.
increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
E.
increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
Question #3
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
MRI
B.
PET
C.
EEG
D.
CT
E.
angiography
Question #4
Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A.
necrotic.
B.
apoptotic.
C.
passive.
D.
none of these
E.
all of these
Question #5
The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to
A.
none of these
B.
mechanical stimuli.
C.
thermal stimuli.
D.
all of these
E.
nociceptive stimuli.
Question #6
Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty
A.
occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.
B.
is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.
C.
is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.
D.
occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.
E.
can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.
Question #7
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
B.
hypercomplex cells.
C.
simple cells or complex cells.
D.
on-center or off-center cells.
E.
type A or type B cells.
Question #8
Unlike Old-World monkeys, apes
A.
do not have tails.
B.
do not have opposable thumbs.
C.
have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.
D.
cannot walk upright for short distances.
E.
have tails.
Question #9
The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A.
hypothalamus.
B.
hippocampus.
C.
prefrontal cortex.
D.
amygdala.
E.
occipital cortex.
Question #10
Research that is intended to bring about direct benefit to humankind is
A.
pure research.
B.
case-study research.
C.
correlational research.
D.
biopsychological research.
E.
applied research.
Question #11
The neural structure situated near the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
A.
substantia nigra.
B.
red nucleus.
C.
periaqueductal gray.
D.
cerebral aqueduct.
E.
superior colliculi.
Question #12
Another word for "integration" is
A.
"summation."
B.
"activation."
C.
"release."
D.
"firing."
E.
"all-or-none."
Question #13
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the
A.
great cerebral commissure.
B.
all of these
C.
cerebellum.
D.
brain.
E.
cerebral hemispheres.
Question #14
Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into
A.
the penis.
B.
a Wolffian system.
C.
ovaries.
D.
a Müllerian system.
E.
testes.
Question #15
A neuron normally fires when
A.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
B.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
C.
there is an EPSP.
D.
there is an IPSP.
E.
its buttons are stimulated.
Question #16
Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
A.
sympathetic nervous system
B.
cranial nerves
C.
autonomic nervous system
D.
somatic nervous system
E.
parasympathetic nervous system
Question #17
Color vision is mediated by
A.
duplexity.
B.
rhodopsin.
C.
the scotopic system.
D.
the photopic system.
E.
rods.
Question #18
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
circles.
B.
contrast.
C.
dots of light.
D.
movement.
E.
straight lines.
Question #19
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
nodes of Ranvier.
B.
myelin.
C.
ligand-activated ion channels.
D.
EPSPs.
E.
voltage-activated ion channels.
Question #20
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
A.
neuropsychology
B.
clinical psychology
C.
psychopharmacology
D.
psychophysiology
E.
physiological psychology
Question #21
The basal ganglia:
A.
Initiates movement.
B.
Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.
C.
None of these
D.
all of these
E.
Regulates movement.
Question #22
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A.
increase their muscularity.
B.
increase their sex drive.
C.
eliminate their sterility.
D.
render them potent.
E.
enable them to achieve an erection.
Question #23
The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that
A.
None of these
B.
depressed people have high levels of monoamines.
C.
depressed people have low levels of monoamines.
D.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.
E.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.
Question #24
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
A.
neurophysiology.
B.
cognitive behavior.
C.
neuroscience.
D.
behavioral psychology.
E.
biopsychology.
Question #25
Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in human sexual behavior?
A.
sexual dimorphism
B.
John Money
C.
estrous cycle
D.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
E.
anabolic steroids
Question #26
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are
A.
meninges.
B.
myelin.
C.
neuroglia.
D.
parts of the autonomic nervous system.
E.
neurons.
Question #27
In contrast to the ventromedial corticospinal tract, before descending to the spinal cord, the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract interacts with the
A.
none of these
B.
vestibular nuclei.
C.
all of these
D.
reticular formation.
E.
tectum.
Question #28
Studies have shown that about ______ new neurons are created each day in each hippocampus of humans.
A.
12
B.
16
C.
4
D.
700
E.
8
Question #29
The neural crest develops into the
A.
neural tube.
B.
circulatory system of the brain.
C.
ventricular system.
D.
cortex.
E.
peripheral nervous system.
Question #30
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
on the basis of wavelength.
B.
from top to bottom.
C.
retinotopically.
D.
from left to right.
E.
ipsilaterally.
Question #31
The consequences of widespread cerebellar damage include
A.
all of these
B.
inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.
C.
difficulty in maintaining steady postures.
D.
severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.
E.
inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.
Question #32
The ________ is important in regulating such hormones as growth, hunger, sleep and sex.
A.
Hippocampus
B.
Hypothalamus
C.
Cochlea
D.
Ruffini Ending
Question #33
In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________ migration.
A.
tangential
B.
axonal
C.
rapid
D.
intermediate
E.
circuitous
Question #34
During sensorimotor learning,
A.
all of these
B.
the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
C.
the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
D.
individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
Question #35
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from left to right.
B.
from top to bottom.
C.
ipsilaterally.
D.
on the basis of wavelength.
E.
retinotopically.
Question #36
Which of the following contains the receptors of the vestibular system?
A.
vestibular nucleus
B.
cochlea
C.
basilar membrane
D.
ossicles
E.
semicircular canals
Question #37
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
B.
color constancy.
C.
lateral inhibition.
D.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
E.
the Mach band demonstration.
Question #38
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
glutamate.
B.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
C.
dopamine.
D.
acetylcholine.
E.
neuropeptides.
Question #39
Kindling is considered to be a model of
A.
MPTP.
B.
human epileptogenesis.
C.
multiple sclerosis.
D.
absence epilepsy.
E.
Parkinson's disease.
Question #40
There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
A.
cholesterol
B.
dihydrotestosterone
C.
dimorphic
D.
aromatization
E.
alpha fetoprotein
Question #41
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
depolarizes cones.
B.
opens potassium channels.
C.
depolarizes rods.
D.
opens sodium channels.
E.
hyperpolarizes rods.
Question #42
The CSF circulates through the
A.
none of these
B.
lateral ventricles.
C.
subarachnoid space.
D.
central canal.
E.
all of these
Question #43
A dermatome is a
A.
none of these
B.
fast adapting cutaneous receptor.
C.
free nerve ending.
D.
slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.
Question #44
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been of particular interest to researchers because
A.
treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.
B.
regeneration is not possible without it.
C.
women have twice as much as men.
D.
BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.
E.
it plays an important role in mental health.
Question #45
Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A.
zygotes.
B.
multipolar cells.
C.
daughter cells.
D.
embryonic stem cells.
E.
ectodermal cells.
Question #46
This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain's major divisions, the
A.
myelencephalon.
B.
mesencephalon.
C.
metencephalon.
D.
diencephalon.
E.
telencephalon.
Question #47
Multiple sclerosis
A.
is a progressive disorder.
B.
is a disease of CNS myelin.
C.
all of these
D.
attacks young adults.
E.
is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
Question #48
Parkinson's disease is treated with
A.
serotonin.
B.
norepinephrine.
C.
acetylcholine.
D.
dopamine.
E.
L-dopa.
Question #49
"Stroke" commonly refers to
A.
cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
B.
cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
C.
brain infarcts.
D.
closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
Question #50
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
CT
B.
angiography
C.
EEG
D.
PET
E.
functional MRI
Question #51
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
MEG
B.
MRI
C.
PET
D.
CT
E.
fMRI
Question #52
Much of SII is
A.
in the parietal cortex.
B.
in the lateral fissure.
C.
all of these
D.
none of these
E.
adjacent to SI.
Question #53
The clinical effectiveness of typical antipsychotic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to
A.
D1 receptors.
B.
dopamine.
C.
autoreceptors.
D.
D2 receptors.
E.
glutamate receptors.
Question #54
To be considered a major depressive disorder, symptoms must
A.
involve a suicide attempt.
B.
last less than 2 weeks.
C.
NOT involve anhedonia.
D.
be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.
E.
last more than 2 weeks.
Question #55
The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into
A.
the female sex ducts.
B.
testes.
C.
the Wolffian system.
D.
ovaries.
E.
the frenulum.
Question #56
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
A.
quasiexperiments.
B.
case studies.
C.
randomized experiments.
D.
true experiments.
E.
unethical.
Question #57
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
A.
analogous.
B.
convergent.
C.
none of these
D.
homologous.
Question #58
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
A.
ANS and the CNS.
B.
brain and the spinal cord.
C.
ANS and the PNS.
D.
SNS and the CNS.
E.
PNS and the CNS.
Question #59
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
A.
glycine
B.
glutamate
C.
dopamine
D.
serotonin
E.
GABA
Question #60
In general, the various areas of secondary motor cortex are thought to
A.
provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.
B.
program specific patterns of movement.
C.
specialize in guiding learned sequences.
D.
terminate response sequences.
E.
mediate reflexes.
Question #61
Parts of olfactory receptor cells can be observed
A.
in the olfactory bulb.
B.
passing through the cribriform plate.
C.
in the nasal passages.
D.
all of these
E.
in the olfactory mucosa.
Question #62
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
X-ray photography
B.
PET scans
C.
pneumoencephalography
D.
cerebral angiography
E.
CT scans
Question #63
There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A.
pioneer migration.
B.
amoeboid migration.
C.
somal translocation.
D.
growth cone translocation.
Question #64
Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a major role in the
A.
expectation of pain.
B.
all of these
C.
adaptive responses to minimize pain.
D.
emotional reaction to pain.
E.
perception of pain.
Question #65
The general intellectual climate of a culture is referred to as its
A.
zeitgeist.
B.
guano.
C.
converging operations.
D.
confounds.
Question #66
The conventional view that all tastes are encoded by various combinations of activity in five primary taste receptors has a problem:
A.
No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.
B.
Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.
C.
Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.
D.
all of these
E.
Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.
Question #67
Which of the following is NOT in the brain stem?
A.
telencephalon
B.
myelencephalon
C.
metencephalon
D.
mesencephalon
E.
medulla
Question #68
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
A.
many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.
B.
various kinds of small RNA molecules.
C.
all of these
D.
DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.
E.
histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.
Question #69
At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A.
mesoderm.
B.
crest.
C.
plate.
D.
floor.
E.
tube.
Question #70
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
incoherent speech or thought
B.
delusions
C.
inappropriate affect
D.
all of these
E.
hallucinations
Question #71
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
amino acids
B.
indolamines
C.
catecholamines
D.
monoamines
Question #72
Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm, which seemed to be locked in an awkward position. Ramachandran successfully treated him by
A.
injecting his stump with stem cells.
B.
injecting his stump with curare.
C.
having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
D.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
E.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.
Question #73
The purpose of the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A.
all of these
B.
supplies nutrients to the nervous system
C.
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
D.
protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord
Question #74
Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of
A.
MPTP poisoning.
B.
autotransplants.
C.
Alzheimer's disease.
D.
Huntington's disease.
E.
epilepsy.
Question #75
Communication of the left and right hemispheres are due to this structure:
A.
Hippocampus
B.
Corpus Collasum
C.
Frontal Lobe
D.
Basal Ganglia
Question #76
In this area damage to the primary auditory cortex will result in problems hearing sounds. Damage to the left hemisphere of this structure will result in problems understanding what someone says to you.
A.
Broca's Area
B.
Parietal Lobe
C.
Frontal Lobe
D.
Temporal Lobe
Question #77
The human brain is composed of various cells, including about 100 billion that are specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals. These specialized cells are called
A.
sulci.
B.
neurons.
C.
glial cells.
D.
oligodendroglia.
E.
axons.
Question #78
Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on
A.
Betz cells.
B.
muscles of the hands and wrists.
C.
interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
D.
muscles of the fingers and thumb.
E.
motor neurons that project to the fingers.
Question #79
Evidence that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is
A.
much less than 100%.
B.
much more than 50%.
C.
greater for males than for females.
D.
more than for dizygotic twins.
Question #80
The two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called
A.
alleles.
B.
gametes.
C.
dominants.
D.
genotypes.
E.
phenotypes.
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