Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
The amyloid plaques displayed by transgenic mice are most prevalent in and around the
A.
parietal cortex.
B.
cerebellum.
C.
structures of the medial temporal lobes.
D.
basal ganglia.
E.
hypothalamus.
Question #2
The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A.
increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
B.
increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
C.
focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
D.
increase the number of synapses.
E.
increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
Question #3
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
EEG
B.
MRI
C.
PET
D.
CT
E.
angiography
Question #4
Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A.
none of these
B.
passive.
C.
necrotic.
D.
all of these
E.
apoptotic.
Question #5
The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to
A.
all of these
B.
thermal stimuli.
C.
nociceptive stimuli.
D.
none of these
E.
mechanical stimuli.
Question #6
Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty
A.
is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.
B.
is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.
C.
can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.
D.
occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.
E.
occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.
Question #7
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
on-center or off-center cells.
B.
hypercomplex cells.
C.
type A or type B cells.
D.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
E.
simple cells or complex cells.
Question #8
Unlike Old-World monkeys, apes
A.
do not have opposable thumbs.
B.
do not have tails.
C.
have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.
D.
have tails.
E.
cannot walk upright for short distances.
Question #9
The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A.
hippocampus.
B.
occipital cortex.
C.
prefrontal cortex.
D.
amygdala.
E.
hypothalamus.
Question #10
Research that is intended to bring about direct benefit to humankind is
A.
biopsychological research.
B.
pure research.
C.
correlational research.
D.
applied research.
E.
case-study research.
Question #11
The neural structure situated near the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
A.
periaqueductal gray.
B.
cerebral aqueduct.
C.
red nucleus.
D.
substantia nigra.
E.
superior colliculi.
Question #12
Another word for "integration" is
A.
"activation."
B.
"summation."
C.
"all-or-none."
D.
"firing."
E.
"release."
Question #13
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the
A.
cerebellum.
B.
cerebral hemispheres.
C.
all of these
D.
great cerebral commissure.
E.
brain.
Question #14
Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into
A.
the penis.
B.
testes.
C.
a Wolffian system.
D.
a Müllerian system.
E.
ovaries.
Question #15
A neuron normally fires when
A.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
B.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
C.
there is an IPSP.
D.
its buttons are stimulated.
E.
there is an EPSP.
Question #16
Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
A.
parasympathetic nervous system
B.
cranial nerves
C.
autonomic nervous system
D.
sympathetic nervous system
E.
somatic nervous system
Question #17
Color vision is mediated by
A.
rhodopsin.
B.
duplexity.
C.
the photopic system.
D.
the scotopic system.
E.
rods.
Question #18
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
straight lines.
B.
movement.
C.
circles.
D.
dots of light.
E.
contrast.
Question #19
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
myelin.
B.
ligand-activated ion channels.
C.
voltage-activated ion channels.
D.
EPSPs.
E.
nodes of Ranvier.
Question #20
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
A.
physiological psychology
B.
neuropsychology
C.
clinical psychology
D.
psychopharmacology
E.
psychophysiology
Question #21
The basal ganglia:
A.
None of these
B.
Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.
C.
Regulates movement.
D.
Initiates movement.
E.
all of these
Question #22
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A.
enable them to achieve an erection.
B.
eliminate their sterility.
C.
increase their muscularity.
D.
render them potent.
E.
increase their sex drive.
Question #23
The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that
A.
None of these
B.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.
C.
depressed people have high levels of monoamines.
D.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.
E.
depressed people have low levels of monoamines.
Question #24
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
A.
cognitive behavior.
B.
behavioral psychology.
C.
neurophysiology.
D.
biopsychology.
E.
neuroscience.
Question #25
Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in human sexual behavior?
A.
anabolic steroids
B.
estrous cycle
C.
sexual dimorphism
D.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
E.
John Money
Question #26
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are
A.
myelin.
B.
neuroglia.
C.
meninges.
D.
parts of the autonomic nervous system.
E.
neurons.
Question #27
In contrast to the ventromedial corticospinal tract, before descending to the spinal cord, the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract interacts with the
A.
none of these
B.
vestibular nuclei.
C.
reticular formation.
D.
all of these
E.
tectum.
Question #28
Studies have shown that about ______ new neurons are created each day in each hippocampus of humans.
A.
700
B.
16
C.
8
D.
4
E.
12
Question #29
The neural crest develops into the
A.
peripheral nervous system.
B.
circulatory system of the brain.
C.
ventricular system.
D.
cortex.
E.
neural tube.
Question #30
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from left to right.
B.
ipsilaterally.
C.
from top to bottom.
D.
on the basis of wavelength.
E.
retinotopically.
Question #31
The consequences of widespread cerebellar damage include
A.
inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.
B.
difficulty in maintaining steady postures.
C.
all of these
D.
severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.
E.
inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.
Question #32
The ________ is important in regulating such hormones as growth, hunger, sleep and sex.
A.
Ruffini Ending
B.
Hippocampus
C.
Cochlea
D.
Hypothalamus
Question #33
In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________ migration.
A.
rapid
B.
axonal
C.
tangential
D.
intermediate
E.
circuitous
Question #34
During sensorimotor learning,
A.
all of these
B.
the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
C.
the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
D.
individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
Question #35
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from top to bottom.
B.
retinotopically.
C.
ipsilaterally.
D.
on the basis of wavelength.
E.
from left to right.
Question #36
Which of the following contains the receptors of the vestibular system?
A.
semicircular canals
B.
ossicles
C.
cochlea
D.
basilar membrane
E.
vestibular nucleus
Question #37
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
color constancy.
B.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
C.
lateral inhibition.
D.
the Mach band demonstration.
E.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
Question #38
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
glutamate.
B.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
C.
neuropeptides.
D.
acetylcholine.
E.
dopamine.
Question #39
A.
MPTP.
B.
human epileptogenesis.
C.
multiple sclerosis.
D.
Parkinson's disease.
E.
absence epilepsy.
Question #40
There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
A.
dimorphic
B.
dihydrotestosterone
C.
aromatization
D.
cholesterol
E.
alpha fetoprotein
Question #41
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
depolarizes cones.
B.
opens potassium channels.
C.
hyperpolarizes rods.
D.
depolarizes rods.
E.
opens sodium channels.
Question #42
The CSF circulates through the
A.
subarachnoid space.
B.
central canal.
C.
lateral ventricles.
D.
all of these
E.
none of these
Question #43
A dermatome is a
A.
fast adapting cutaneous receptor.
B.
free nerve ending.
C.
slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.
D.
none of these
Question #44
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been of particular interest to researchers because
A.
treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.
B.
it plays an important role in mental health.
C.
regeneration is not possible without it.
D.
BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.
E.
women have twice as much as men.
Question #45
Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A.
multipolar cells.
B.
daughter cells.
C.
zygotes.
D.
ectodermal cells.
E.
embryonic stem cells.
Question #46
This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain's major divisions, the
A.
myelencephalon.
B.
telencephalon.
C.
metencephalon.
D.
diencephalon.
E.
mesencephalon.
Question #47
Multiple sclerosis
A.
attacks young adults.
B.
all of these
C.
is a progressive disorder.
D.
is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
E.
is a disease of CNS myelin.
Question #48
Parkinson's disease is treated with
A.
serotonin.
B.
L-dopa.
C.
norepinephrine.
D.
dopamine.
E.
acetylcholine.
Question #49
"Stroke" commonly refers to
A.
brain infarcts.
B.
cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
C.
closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
D.
cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
Question #50
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
CT
B.
EEG
C.
functional MRI
D.
angiography
E.
PET
Question #51
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
MEG
B.
fMRI
C.
MRI
D.
CT
E.
PET
Question #52
Much of SII is
A.
none of these
B.
all of these
C.
adjacent to SI.
D.
in the parietal cortex.
E.
in the lateral fissure.
Question #53
The clinical effectiveness of typical antipsychotic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to
A.
D1 receptors.
B.
autoreceptors.
C.
D2 receptors.
D.
glutamate receptors.
E.
dopamine.
Question #54
To be considered a major depressive disorder, symptoms must
A.
be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.
B.
last more than 2 weeks.
C.
involve a suicide attempt.
D.
last less than 2 weeks.
E.
NOT involve anhedonia.
Question #55
The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into
A.
the frenulum.
B.
ovaries.
C.
testes.
D.
the female sex ducts.
E.
the Wolffian system.
Question #56
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
A.
true experiments.
B.
quasiexperiments.
C.
case studies.
D.
randomized experiments.
E.
unethical.
Question #57
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
A.
analogous.
B.
homologous.
C.
none of these
D.
convergent.
Question #58
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
A.
SNS and the CNS.
B.
ANS and the PNS.
C.
brain and the spinal cord.
D.
PNS and the CNS.
E.
ANS and the CNS.
Question #59
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
A.
serotonin
B.
glycine
C.
GABA
D.
dopamine
E.
glutamate
Question #60
In general, the various areas of secondary motor cortex are thought to
A.
program specific patterns of movement.
B.
specialize in guiding learned sequences.
C.
mediate reflexes.
D.
terminate response sequences.
E.
provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.
Question #61
Parts of olfactory receptor cells can be observed
A.
in the nasal passages.
B.
passing through the cribriform plate.
C.
in the olfactory mucosa.
D.
in the olfactory bulb.
E.
all of these
Question #62
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
pneumoencephalography
B.
cerebral angiography
C.
X-ray photography
D.
PET scans
E.
CT scans
Question #63
There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A.
pioneer migration.
B.
amoeboid migration.
C.
somal translocation.
D.
growth cone translocation.
Question #64
Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a major role in the
A.
all of these
B.
perception of pain.
C.
expectation of pain.
D.
adaptive responses to minimize pain.
E.
emotional reaction to pain.
Question #65
The general intellectual climate of a culture is referred to as its
A.
converging operations.
B.
guano.
C.
zeitgeist.
D.
confounds.
Question #66
The conventional view that all tastes are encoded by various combinations of activity in five primary taste receptors has a problem:
A.
all of these
B.
Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.
C.
No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.
D.
Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.
E.
Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.
Question #67
Which of the following is NOT in the brain stem?
A.
mesencephalon
B.
metencephalon
C.
myelencephalon
D.
medulla
E.
telencephalon
Question #68
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
A.
all of these
B.
DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.
C.
many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.
D.
histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.
E.
various kinds of small RNA molecules.
Question #69
At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A.
floor.
B.
plate.
C.
mesoderm.
D.
tube.
E.
crest.
Question #70
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
all of these
B.
delusions
C.
hallucinations
D.
incoherent speech or thought
E.
inappropriate affect
Question #71
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
indolamines
B.
monoamines
C.
catecholamines
D.
amino acids
Question #72
Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm, which seemed to be locked in an awkward position. Ramachandran successfully treated him by
A.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
B.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.
C.
injecting his stump with curare.
D.
having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
E.
injecting his stump with stem cells.
Question #73
The purpose of the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A.
supplies nutrients to the nervous system
B.
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
C.
all of these
D.
protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord
Question #74
Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of
A.
autotransplants.
B.
Alzheimer's disease.
C.
Huntington's disease.
D.
epilepsy.
E.
MPTP poisoning.
Question #75
Communication of the left and right hemispheres are due to this structure:
A.
Basal Ganglia
B.
Hippocampus
C.
Frontal Lobe
D.
Corpus Collasum
Question #76
In this area damage to the primary auditory cortex will result in problems hearing sounds. Damage to the left hemisphere of this structure will result in problems understanding what someone says to you.
A.
Frontal Lobe
B.
Temporal Lobe
C.
Parietal Lobe
D.
Broca's Area
Question #77
The human brain is composed of various cells, including about 100 billion that are specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals. These specialized cells are called
A.
sulci.
B.
oligodendroglia.
C.
glial cells.
D.
neurons.
E.
axons.
Question #78
Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on
A.
Betz cells.
B.
interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
C.
motor neurons that project to the fingers.
D.
muscles of the hands and wrists.
E.
muscles of the fingers and thumb.
Question #79
Evidence that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is
A.
much more than 50%.
B.
much less than 100%.
C.
more than for dizygotic twins.
D.
greater for males than for females.
Question #80
The two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called
A.
alleles.
B.
gametes.
C.
genotypes.
D.
dominants.
E.
phenotypes.
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