Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
The amyloid plaques displayed by transgenic mice are most prevalent in and around the
A.
basal ganglia.
B.
hypothalamus.
C.
cerebellum.
D.
structures of the medial temporal lobes.
E.
parietal cortex.
Question #2
The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A.
increase the number of synapses.
B.
increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
C.
increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
D.
increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
E.
focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
Question #3
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
EEG
B.
PET
C.
angiography
D.
CT
E.
MRI
Question #4
Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A.
none of these
B.
apoptotic.
C.
all of these
D.
necrotic.
E.
passive.
Question #5
The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to
A.
none of these
B.
mechanical stimuli.
C.
all of these
D.
nociceptive stimuli.
E.
thermal stimuli.
Question #6
Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty
A.
is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.
B.
occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.
C.
occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.
D.
can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.
E.
is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.
Question #7
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
hypercomplex cells.
B.
simple cells or complex cells.
C.
type A or type B cells.
D.
on-center or off-center cells.
E.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
Question #8
Unlike Old-World monkeys, apes
A.
have tails.
B.
do not have opposable thumbs.
C.
do not have tails.
D.
have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.
E.
cannot walk upright for short distances.
Question #9
The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A.
hypothalamus.
B.
prefrontal cortex.
C.
amygdala.
D.
hippocampus.
E.
occipital cortex.
Question #10
Research that is intended to bring about direct benefit to humankind is
A.
pure research.
B.
applied research.
C.
case-study research.
D.
correlational research.
E.
biopsychological research.
Question #11
The neural structure situated near the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
A.
cerebral aqueduct.
B.
red nucleus.
C.
periaqueductal gray.
D.
substantia nigra.
E.
superior colliculi.
Question #12
Another word for "integration" is
A.
"all-or-none."
B.
"activation."
C.
"summation."
D.
"firing."
E.
"release."
Question #13
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the
A.
cerebellum.
B.
brain.
C.
great cerebral commissure.
D.
all of these
E.
cerebral hemispheres.
Question #14
Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into
A.
ovaries.
B.
a Müllerian system.
C.
a Wolffian system.
D.
the penis.
E.
testes.
Question #15
A neuron normally fires when
A.
its buttons are stimulated.
B.
there is an EPSP.
C.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
D.
there is an IPSP.
E.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
Question #16
Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
A.
autonomic nervous system
B.
sympathetic nervous system
C.
somatic nervous system
D.
cranial nerves
E.
parasympathetic nervous system
Question #17
Color vision is mediated by
A.
the scotopic system.
B.
the photopic system.
C.
rhodopsin.
D.
rods.
E.
duplexity.
Question #18
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
circles.
B.
straight lines.
C.
dots of light.
D.
movement.
E.
contrast.
Question #19
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
ligand-activated ion channels.
B.
EPSPs.
C.
nodes of Ranvier.
D.
voltage-activated ion channels.
E.
myelin.
Question #20
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
A.
physiological psychology
B.
clinical psychology
C.
neuropsychology
D.
psychophysiology
E.
psychopharmacology
Question #21
The basal ganglia:
A.
Regulates movement.
B.
Initiates movement.
C.
Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.
D.
all of these
E.
None of these
Question #22
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A.
increase their sex drive.
B.
increase their muscularity.
C.
render them potent.
D.
enable them to achieve an erection.
E.
eliminate their sterility.
Question #23
The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that
A.
depressed people have high levels of monoamines.
B.
None of these
C.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.
D.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.
E.
depressed people have low levels of monoamines.
Question #24
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
A.
neuroscience.
B.
cognitive behavior.
C.
behavioral psychology.
D.
neurophysiology.
E.
biopsychology.
Question #25
Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in human sexual behavior?
A.
anabolic steroids
B.
estrous cycle
C.
sexual dimorphism
D.
John Money
E.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Question #26
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are
A.
neurons.
B.
parts of the autonomic nervous system.
C.
myelin.
D.
meninges.
E.
neuroglia.
Question #27
In contrast to the ventromedial corticospinal tract, before descending to the spinal cord, the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract interacts with the
A.
reticular formation.
B.
none of these
C.
tectum.
D.
vestibular nuclei.
E.
all of these
Question #28
Studies have shown that about ______ new neurons are created each day in each hippocampus of humans.
A.
16
B.
8
C.
4
D.
12
E.
700
Question #29
The neural crest develops into the
A.
neural tube.
B.
cortex.
C.
circulatory system of the brain.
D.
ventricular system.
E.
peripheral nervous system.
Question #30
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from top to bottom.
B.
on the basis of wavelength.
C.
ipsilaterally.
D.
from left to right.
E.
retinotopically.
Question #31
The consequences of widespread cerebellar damage include
A.
inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.
B.
difficulty in maintaining steady postures.
C.
inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.
D.
all of these
E.
severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.
Question #32
The ________ is important in regulating such hormones as growth, hunger, sleep and sex.
A.
Cochlea
B.
Hypothalamus
C.
Hippocampus
D.
Ruffini Ending
Question #33
In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________ migration.
A.
circuitous
B.
rapid
C.
axonal
D.
tangential
E.
intermediate
Question #34
During sensorimotor learning,
A.
all of these
B.
individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
C.
the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
D.
the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
Question #35
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
on the basis of wavelength.
B.
retinotopically.
C.
ipsilaterally.
D.
from top to bottom.
E.
from left to right.
Question #36
Which of the following contains the receptors of the vestibular system?
A.
basilar membrane
B.
vestibular nucleus
C.
ossicles
D.
cochlea
E.
semicircular canals
Question #37
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
B.
the Mach band demonstration.
C.
color constancy.
D.
lateral inhibition.
E.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
Question #38
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
neuropeptides.
B.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
C.
glutamate.
D.
acetylcholine.
E.
dopamine.
Question #39
Kindling is considered to be a model of
A.
multiple sclerosis.
B.
Parkinson's disease.
C.
absence epilepsy.
D.
human epileptogenesis.
E.
MPTP.
Question #40
There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
A.
dihydrotestosterone
B.
dimorphic
C.
alpha fetoprotein
D.
aromatization
E.
cholesterol
Question #41
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
hyperpolarizes rods.
B.
depolarizes rods.
C.
opens potassium channels.
D.
opens sodium channels.
E.
depolarizes cones.
Question #42
The CSF circulates through the
A.
all of these
B.
lateral ventricles.
C.
central canal.
D.
none of these
E.
subarachnoid space.
Question #43
A dermatome is a
A.
fast adapting cutaneous receptor.
B.
slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.
C.
free nerve ending.
D.
none of these
Question #44
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been of particular interest to researchers because
A.
women have twice as much as men.
B.
regeneration is not possible without it.
C.
it plays an important role in mental health.
D.
BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.
E.
treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.
Question #45
Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A.
embryonic stem cells.
B.
daughter cells.
C.
multipolar cells.
D.
ectodermal cells.
E.
zygotes.
Question #46
This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain's major divisions, the
A.
metencephalon.
B.
mesencephalon.
C.
telencephalon.
D.
diencephalon.
E.
myelencephalon.
Question #47
Multiple sclerosis
A.
is a disease of CNS myelin.
B.
is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
C.
attacks young adults.
D.
is a progressive disorder.
E.
all of these
Question #48
Parkinson's disease is treated with
A.
dopamine.
B.
acetylcholine.
C.
serotonin.
D.
L-dopa.
E.
norepinephrine.
Question #49
"Stroke" commonly refers to
A.
cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
B.
brain infarcts.
C.
closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
D.
cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
Question #50
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
EEG
B.
angiography
C.
PET
D.
CT
E.
functional MRI
Question #51
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
PET
B.
MRI
C.
MEG
D.
CT
E.
fMRI
Question #52
Much of SII is
A.
adjacent to SI.
B.
in the lateral fissure.
C.
all of these
D.
in the parietal cortex.
E.
none of these
Question #53
The clinical effectiveness of typical antipsychotic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to
A.
D2 receptors.
B.
glutamate receptors.
C.
dopamine.
D.
autoreceptors.
E.
D1 receptors.
Question #54
To be considered a major depressive disorder, symptoms must
A.
involve a suicide attempt.
B.
last less than 2 weeks.
C.
last more than 2 weeks.
D.
NOT involve anhedonia.
E.
be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.
Question #55
The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into
A.
testes.
B.
ovaries.
C.
the Wolffian system.
D.
the frenulum.
E.
the female sex ducts.
Question #56
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
A.
unethical.
B.
randomized experiments.
C.
quasiexperiments.
D.
case studies.
E.
true experiments.
Question #57
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
A.
none of these
B.
homologous.
C.
analogous.
D.
convergent.
Question #58
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
A.
ANS and the PNS.
B.
ANS and the CNS.
C.
brain and the spinal cord.
D.
PNS and the CNS.
E.
SNS and the CNS.
Question #59
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
A.
glycine
B.
serotonin
C.
dopamine
D.
GABA
E.
glutamate
Question #60
In general, the various areas of secondary motor cortex are thought to
A.
mediate reflexes.
B.
program specific patterns of movement.
C.
provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.
D.
specialize in guiding learned sequences.
E.
terminate response sequences.
Question #61
Parts of olfactory receptor cells can be observed
A.
in the olfactory bulb.
B.
passing through the cribriform plate.
C.
all of these
D.
in the nasal passages.
E.
in the olfactory mucosa.
Question #62
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
CT scans
B.
pneumoencephalography
C.
PET scans
D.
X-ray photography
E.
cerebral angiography
Question #63
There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A.
growth cone translocation.
B.
pioneer migration.
C.
amoeboid migration.
D.
somal translocation.
Question #64
Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a major role in the
A.
emotional reaction to pain.
B.
perception of pain.
C.
expectation of pain.
D.
adaptive responses to minimize pain.
E.
all of these
Question #65
The general intellectual climate of a culture is referred to as its
A.
guano.
B.
confounds.
C.
zeitgeist.
D.
converging operations.
Question #66
The conventional view that all tastes are encoded by various combinations of activity in five primary taste receptors has a problem:
A.
Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.
B.
No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.
C.
Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.
D.
all of these
E.
Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.
Question #67
Which of the following is NOT in the brain stem?
A.
myelencephalon
B.
metencephalon
C.
mesencephalon
D.
medulla
E.
telencephalon
Question #68
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
A.
DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.
B.
many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.
C.
various kinds of small RNA molecules.
D.
histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.
E.
all of these
Question #69
At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A.
plate.
B.
mesoderm.
C.
floor.
D.
crest.
E.
tube.
Question #70
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
delusions
B.
incoherent speech or thought
C.
inappropriate affect
D.
hallucinations
E.
all of these
Question #71
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
catecholamines
B.
indolamines
C.
amino acids
D.
monoamines
Question #72
Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm, which seemed to be locked in an awkward position. Ramachandran successfully treated him by
A.
injecting his stump with stem cells.
B.
injecting his stump with curare.
C.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.
D.
having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
E.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
Question #73
The purpose of the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A.
supplies nutrients to the nervous system
B.
protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord
C.
all of these
D.
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
Question #74
Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of
A.
MPTP poisoning.
B.
Huntington's disease.
C.
autotransplants.
D.
Alzheimer's disease.
E.
epilepsy.
Question #75
Communication of the left and right hemispheres are due to this structure:
A.
Frontal Lobe
B.
Basal Ganglia
C.
Hippocampus
D.
Corpus Collasum
Question #76
In this area damage to the primary auditory cortex will result in problems hearing sounds. Damage to the left hemisphere of this structure will result in problems understanding what someone says to you.
A.
Temporal Lobe
B.
Frontal Lobe
C.
Parietal Lobe
D.
Broca's Area
Question #77
The human brain is composed of various cells, including about 100 billion that are specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals. These specialized cells are called
A.
oligodendroglia.
B.
axons.
C.
neurons.
D.
sulci.
E.
glial cells.
Question #78
Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on
A.
interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
B.
Betz cells.
C.
motor neurons that project to the fingers.
D.
muscles of the hands and wrists.
E.
muscles of the fingers and thumb.
Question #79
Evidence that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is
A.
much less than 100%.
B.
much more than 50%.
C.
greater for males than for females.
D.
more than for dizygotic twins.
Question #80
The two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called
A.
genotypes.
B.
alleles.
C.
gametes.
D.
dominants.
E.
phenotypes.
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