Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
The amyloid plaques displayed by transgenic mice are most prevalent in and around the
A.
parietal cortex.
B.
basal ganglia.
C.
hypothalamus.
D.
cerebellum.
E.
structures of the medial temporal lobes.
Question #2
The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A.
increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
B.
increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
C.
increase the number of synapses.
D.
focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
E.
increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
Question #3
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
MRI
B.
EEG
C.
CT
D.
angiography
E.
PET
Question #4
Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A.
passive.
B.
necrotic.
C.
all of these
D.
apoptotic.
E.
none of these
Question #5
The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to
A.
mechanical stimuli.
B.
none of these
C.
thermal stimuli.
D.
all of these
E.
nociceptive stimuli.
Question #6
Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty
A.
is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.
B.
occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.
C.
occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.
D.
can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.
E.
is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.
Question #7
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
hypercomplex cells.
B.
on-center or off-center cells.
C.
type A or type B cells.
D.
simple cells or complex cells.
E.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
Question #8
Unlike Old-World monkeys, apes
A.
cannot walk upright for short distances.
B.
do not have opposable thumbs.
C.
have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.
D.
have tails.
E.
do not have tails.
Question #9
The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A.
prefrontal cortex.
B.
hippocampus.
C.
amygdala.
D.
occipital cortex.
E.
hypothalamus.
Question #10
Research that is intended to bring about direct benefit to humankind is
A.
biopsychological research.
B.
case-study research.
C.
pure research.
D.
correlational research.
E.
applied research.
Question #11
The neural structure situated near the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
A.
periaqueductal gray.
B.
cerebral aqueduct.
C.
superior colliculi.
D.
red nucleus.
E.
substantia nigra.
Question #12
Another word for "integration" is
A.
"activation."
B.
"firing."
C.
"release."
D.
"summation."
E.
"all-or-none."
Question #13
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the
A.
cerebral hemispheres.
B.
all of these
C.
cerebellum.
D.
great cerebral commissure.
E.
brain.
Question #14
Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into
A.
a Wolffian system.
B.
ovaries.
C.
a Müllerian system.
D.
the penis.
E.
testes.
Question #15
A neuron normally fires when
A.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
B.
there is an IPSP.
C.
there is an EPSP.
D.
its buttons are stimulated.
E.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
Question #16
Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
A.
sympathetic nervous system
B.
parasympathetic nervous system
C.
somatic nervous system
D.
autonomic nervous system
E.
cranial nerves
Question #17
Color vision is mediated by
A.
duplexity.
B.
the photopic system.
C.
the scotopic system.
D.
rhodopsin.
E.
rods.
Question #18
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
circles.
B.
straight lines.
C.
contrast.
D.
dots of light.
E.
movement.
Question #19
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
myelin.
B.
voltage-activated ion channels.
C.
ligand-activated ion channels.
D.
EPSPs.
E.
nodes of Ranvier.
Question #20
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
A.
psychopharmacology
B.
clinical psychology
C.
neuropsychology
D.
physiological psychology
E.
psychophysiology
Question #21
The basal ganglia:
A.
Regulates movement.
B.
Initiates movement.
C.
None of these
D.
all of these
E.
Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.
Question #22
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A.
increase their muscularity.
B.
enable them to achieve an erection.
C.
increase their sex drive.
D.
eliminate their sterility.
E.
render them potent.
Question #23
The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that
A.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.
B.
depressed people have high levels of monoamines.
C.
None of these
D.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.
E.
depressed people have low levels of monoamines.
Question #24
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
A.
behavioral psychology.
B.
cognitive behavior.
C.
biopsychology.
D.
neuroscience.
E.
neurophysiology.
Question #25
Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in human sexual behavior?
A.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
B.
estrous cycle
C.
anabolic steroids
D.
John Money
E.
sexual dimorphism
Question #26
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are
A.
neuroglia.
B.
neurons.
C.
meninges.
D.
myelin.
E.
parts of the autonomic nervous system.
Question #27
In contrast to the ventromedial corticospinal tract, before descending to the spinal cord, the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract interacts with the
A.
vestibular nuclei.
B.
tectum.
C.
reticular formation.
D.
none of these
E.
all of these
Question #28
Studies have shown that about ______ new neurons are created each day in each hippocampus of humans.
A.
12
B.
16
C.
700
D.
4
E.
8
Question #29
The neural crest develops into the
A.
neural tube.
B.
ventricular system.
C.
cortex.
D.
circulatory system of the brain.
E.
peripheral nervous system.
Question #30
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
on the basis of wavelength.
B.
from left to right.
C.
from top to bottom.
D.
ipsilaterally.
E.
retinotopically.
Question #31
The consequences of widespread cerebellar damage include
A.
difficulty in maintaining steady postures.
B.
severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.
C.
inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.
D.
all of these
E.
inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.
Question #32
The ________ is important in regulating such hormones as growth, hunger, sleep and sex.
A.
Hypothalamus
B.
Cochlea
C.
Ruffini Ending
D.
Hippocampus
Question #33
In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________ migration.
A.
rapid
B.
circuitous
C.
tangential
D.
axonal
E.
intermediate
Question #34
During sensorimotor learning,
A.
the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
B.
the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
C.
all of these
D.
individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
Question #35
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from left to right.
B.
retinotopically.
C.
from top to bottom.
D.
ipsilaterally.
E.
on the basis of wavelength.
Question #36
Which of the following contains the receptors of the vestibular system?
A.
semicircular canals
B.
ossicles
C.
basilar membrane
D.
cochlea
E.
vestibular nucleus
Question #37
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
lateral inhibition.
B.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
C.
color constancy.
D.
the Mach band demonstration.
E.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
Question #38
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
B.
dopamine.
C.
neuropeptides.
D.
glutamate.
E.
acetylcholine.
Question #39
Kindling is considered to be a model of
A.
human epileptogenesis.
B.
MPTP.
C.
multiple sclerosis.
D.
absence epilepsy.
E.
Parkinson's disease.
Question #40
There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
A.
alpha fetoprotein
B.
cholesterol
C.
dimorphic
D.
aromatization
E.
dihydrotestosterone
Question #41
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
opens sodium channels.
B.
depolarizes cones.
C.
hyperpolarizes rods.
D.
opens potassium channels.
E.
depolarizes rods.
Question #42
The CSF circulates through the
A.
central canal.
B.
subarachnoid space.
C.
lateral ventricles.
D.
none of these
E.
all of these
Question #43
A dermatome is a
A.
free nerve ending.
B.
none of these
C.
slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.
D.
fast adapting cutaneous receptor.
Question #44
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been of particular interest to researchers because
A.
it plays an important role in mental health.
B.
treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.
C.
BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.
D.
regeneration is not possible without it.
E.
women have twice as much as men.
Question #45
Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A.
ectodermal cells.
B.
zygotes.
C.
embryonic stem cells.
D.
multipolar cells.
E.
daughter cells.
Question #46
This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain's major divisions, the
A.
myelencephalon.
B.
telencephalon.
C.
metencephalon.
D.
mesencephalon.
E.
diencephalon.
Question #47
Multiple sclerosis
A.
attacks young adults.
B.
is a progressive disorder.
C.
is a disease of CNS myelin.
D.
all of these
E.
is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
Question #48
A.
serotonin.
B.
dopamine.
C.
acetylcholine.
D.
norepinephrine.
E.
L-dopa.
Question #49
"Stroke" commonly refers to
A.
cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
B.
brain infarcts.
C.
closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
D.
cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
Question #50
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
angiography
B.
EEG
C.
functional MRI
D.
PET
E.
CT
Question #51
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
PET
B.
MRI
C.
fMRI
D.
CT
E.
MEG
Question #52
Much of SII is
A.
all of these
B.
none of these
C.
adjacent to SI.
D.
in the parietal cortex.
E.
in the lateral fissure.
Question #53
The clinical effectiveness of typical antipsychotic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to
A.
dopamine.
B.
autoreceptors.
C.
glutamate receptors.
D.
D1 receptors.
E.
D2 receptors.
Question #54
To be considered a major depressive disorder, symptoms must
A.
be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.
B.
last less than 2 weeks.
C.
involve a suicide attempt.
D.
NOT involve anhedonia.
E.
last more than 2 weeks.
Question #55
The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into
A.
the Wolffian system.
B.
ovaries.
C.
testes.
D.
the frenulum.
E.
the female sex ducts.
Question #56
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
A.
case studies.
B.
randomized experiments.
C.
quasiexperiments.
D.
unethical.
E.
true experiments.
Question #57
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
A.
none of these
B.
analogous.
C.
homologous.
D.
convergent.
Question #58
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
A.
SNS and the CNS.
B.
PNS and the CNS.
C.
brain and the spinal cord.
D.
ANS and the PNS.
E.
ANS and the CNS.
Question #59
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
A.
serotonin
B.
dopamine
C.
glycine
D.
glutamate
E.
GABA
Question #60
In general, the various areas of secondary motor cortex are thought to
A.
specialize in guiding learned sequences.
B.
program specific patterns of movement.
C.
terminate response sequences.
D.
mediate reflexes.
E.
provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.
Question #61
Parts of olfactory receptor cells can be observed
A.
passing through the cribriform plate.
B.
in the olfactory bulb.
C.
in the nasal passages.
D.
in the olfactory mucosa.
E.
all of these
Question #62
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
cerebral angiography
B.
X-ray photography
C.
CT scans
D.
pneumoencephalography
E.
PET scans
Question #63
There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A.
amoeboid migration.
B.
somal translocation.
C.
pioneer migration.
D.
growth cone translocation.
Question #64
Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a major role in the
A.
all of these
B.
adaptive responses to minimize pain.
C.
emotional reaction to pain.
D.
expectation of pain.
E.
perception of pain.
Question #65
The general intellectual climate of a culture is referred to as its
A.
guano.
B.
converging operations.
C.
confounds.
D.
zeitgeist.
Question #66
The conventional view that all tastes are encoded by various combinations of activity in five primary taste receptors has a problem:
A.
all of these
B.
No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.
C.
Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.
D.
Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.
E.
Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.
Question #67
Which of the following is NOT in the brain stem?
A.
telencephalon
B.
mesencephalon
C.
medulla
D.
metencephalon
E.
myelencephalon
Question #68
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
A.
histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.
B.
many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.
C.
DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.
D.
all of these
E.
various kinds of small RNA molecules.
Question #69
At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A.
mesoderm.
B.
crest.
C.
tube.
D.
plate.
E.
floor.
Question #70
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
hallucinations
B.
delusions
C.
incoherent speech or thought
D.
inappropriate affect
E.
all of these
Question #71
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
amino acids
B.
indolamines
C.
monoamines
D.
catecholamines
Question #72
Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm, which seemed to be locked in an awkward position. Ramachandran successfully treated him by
A.
injecting his stump with curare.
B.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.
C.
having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
D.
injecting his stump with stem cells.
E.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
Question #73
The purpose of the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A.
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
B.
supplies nutrients to the nervous system
C.
protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord
D.
all of these
Question #74
Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of
A.
Alzheimer's disease.
B.
autotransplants.
C.
MPTP poisoning.
D.
Huntington's disease.
E.
epilepsy.
Question #75
Communication of the left and right hemispheres are due to this structure:
A.
Hippocampus
B.
Frontal Lobe
C.
Corpus Collasum
D.
Basal Ganglia
Question #76
In this area damage to the primary auditory cortex will result in problems hearing sounds. Damage to the left hemisphere of this structure will result in problems understanding what someone says to you.
A.
Frontal Lobe
B.
Parietal Lobe
C.
Temporal Lobe
D.
Broca's Area
Question #77
The human brain is composed of various cells, including about 100 billion that are specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals. These specialized cells are called
A.
glial cells.
B.
neurons.
C.
oligodendroglia.
D.
axons.
E.
sulci.
Question #78
Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on
A.
interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
B.
muscles of the hands and wrists.
C.
Betz cells.
D.
motor neurons that project to the fingers.
E.
muscles of the fingers and thumb.
Question #79
Evidence that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is
A.
greater for males than for females.
B.
more than for dizygotic twins.
C.
much less than 100%.
D.
much more than 50%.
Question #80
The two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called
A.
phenotypes.
B.
dominants.
C.
gametes.
D.
alleles.
E.
genotypes.
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