Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
The amyloid plaques displayed by transgenic mice are most prevalent in and around the
A.
basal ganglia.
B.
cerebellum.
C.
parietal cortex.
D.
structures of the medial temporal lobes.
E.
hypothalamus.
Question #2
The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A.
increase the number of synapses.
B.
increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
C.
increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
D.
focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
E.
increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
Question #3
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
CT
B.
MRI
C.
angiography
D.
PET
E.
EEG
Question #4
Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A.
all of these
B.
none of these
C.
apoptotic.
D.
necrotic.
E.
passive.
Question #5
The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to
A.
none of these
B.
thermal stimuli.
C.
mechanical stimuli.
D.
nociceptive stimuli.
E.
all of these
Question #6
Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty
A.
occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.
B.
is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.
C.
occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.
D.
can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.
E.
is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.
Question #7
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
type A or type B cells.
B.
simple cells or complex cells.
C.
hypercomplex cells.
D.
on-center or off-center cells.
E.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
Question #8
Unlike Old-World monkeys, apes
A.
do not have tails.
B.
do not have opposable thumbs.
C.
have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.
D.
have tails.
E.
cannot walk upright for short distances.
Question #9
The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A.
hippocampus.
B.
occipital cortex.
C.
hypothalamus.
D.
prefrontal cortex.
E.
amygdala.
Question #10
Research that is intended to bring about direct benefit to humankind is
A.
applied research.
B.
correlational research.
C.
case-study research.
D.
biopsychological research.
E.
pure research.
Question #11
The neural structure situated near the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
A.
red nucleus.
B.
superior colliculi.
C.
cerebral aqueduct.
D.
periaqueductal gray.
E.
substantia nigra.
Question #12
Another word for "integration" is
A.
"firing."
B.
"summation."
C.
"activation."
D.
"all-or-none."
E.
"release."
Question #13
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the
A.
cerebellum.
B.
all of these
C.
brain.
D.
cerebral hemispheres.
E.
great cerebral commissure.
Question #14
Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into
A.
the penis.
B.
a Wolffian system.
C.
ovaries.
D.
a Müllerian system.
E.
testes.
Question #15
A neuron normally fires when
A.
there is an EPSP.
B.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
C.
its buttons are stimulated.
D.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
E.
there is an IPSP.
Question #16
Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
A.
cranial nerves
B.
autonomic nervous system
C.
somatic nervous system
D.
parasympathetic nervous system
E.
sympathetic nervous system
Question #17
Color vision is mediated by
A.
duplexity.
B.
rods.
C.
rhodopsin.
D.
the scotopic system.
E.
the photopic system.
Question #18
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
dots of light.
B.
contrast.
C.
straight lines.
D.
movement.
E.
circles.
Question #19
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
ligand-activated ion channels.
B.
nodes of Ranvier.
C.
voltage-activated ion channels.
D.
myelin.
E.
EPSPs.
Question #20
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
A.
clinical psychology
B.
psychopharmacology
C.
psychophysiology
D.
physiological psychology
E.
neuropsychology
Question #21
The basal ganglia:
A.
Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.
B.
Initiates movement.
C.
all of these
D.
Regulates movement.
E.
None of these
Question #22
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A.
eliminate their sterility.
B.
render them potent.
C.
enable them to achieve an erection.
D.
increase their muscularity.
E.
increase their sex drive.
Question #23
The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that
A.
depressed people have low levels of monoamines.
B.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.
C.
depressed people have high levels of monoamines.
D.
None of these
E.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.
Question #24
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
A.
neurophysiology.
B.
cognitive behavior.
C.
neuroscience.
D.
biopsychology.
E.
behavioral psychology.
Question #25
Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in human sexual behavior?
A.
estrous cycle
B.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
C.
John Money
D.
anabolic steroids
E.
sexual dimorphism
Question #26
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are
A.
myelin.
B.
neuroglia.
C.
meninges.
D.
parts of the autonomic nervous system.
E.
neurons.
Question #27
In contrast to the ventromedial corticospinal tract, before descending to the spinal cord, the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract interacts with the
A.
none of these
B.
tectum.
C.
vestibular nuclei.
D.
all of these
E.
reticular formation.
Question #28
Studies have shown that about ______ new neurons are created each day in each hippocampus of humans.
A.
700
B.
16
C.
8
D.
12
E.
4
Question #29
The neural crest develops into the
A.
cortex.
B.
ventricular system.
C.
circulatory system of the brain.
D.
peripheral nervous system.
E.
neural tube.
Question #30
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
retinotopically.
B.
on the basis of wavelength.
C.
from left to right.
D.
from top to bottom.
E.
ipsilaterally.
Question #31
The consequences of widespread cerebellar damage include
A.
inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.
B.
inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.
C.
all of these
D.
difficulty in maintaining steady postures.
E.
severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.
Question #32
The ________ is important in regulating such hormones as growth, hunger, sleep and sex.
A.
Hypothalamus
B.
Cochlea
C.
Hippocampus
D.
Ruffini Ending
Question #33
In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________ migration.
A.
intermediate
B.
circuitous
C.
axonal
D.
rapid
E.
tangential
Question #34
During sensorimotor learning,
A.
the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
B.
the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
C.
all of these
D.
individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
Question #35
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from left to right.
B.
from top to bottom.
C.
on the basis of wavelength.
D.
retinotopically.
E.
ipsilaterally.
Question #36
Which of the following contains the receptors of the vestibular system?
A.
vestibular nucleus
B.
basilar membrane
C.
semicircular canals
D.
cochlea
E.
ossicles
Question #37
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
lateral inhibition.
B.
the Mach band demonstration.
C.
color constancy.
D.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
E.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
Question #38
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
dopamine.
B.
neuropeptides.
C.
acetylcholine.
D.
glutamate.
E.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
Question #39
A.
human epileptogenesis.
B.
absence epilepsy.
C.
Parkinson's disease.
D.
multiple sclerosis.
E.
MPTP.
Question #40
There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
A.
alpha fetoprotein
B.
cholesterol
C.
dihydrotestosterone
D.
aromatization
E.
dimorphic
Question #41
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
opens sodium channels.
B.
depolarizes cones.
C.
depolarizes rods.
D.
hyperpolarizes rods.
E.
opens potassium channels.
Question #42
The CSF circulates through the
A.
all of these
B.
none of these
C.
lateral ventricles.
D.
central canal.
E.
subarachnoid space.
Question #43
A dermatome is a
A.
fast adapting cutaneous receptor.
B.
slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.
C.
free nerve ending.
D.
none of these
Question #44
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been of particular interest to researchers because
A.
women have twice as much as men.
B.
regeneration is not possible without it.
C.
it plays an important role in mental health.
D.
BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.
E.
treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.
Question #45
Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A.
daughter cells.
B.
zygotes.
C.
multipolar cells.
D.
ectodermal cells.
E.
embryonic stem cells.
Question #46
This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain's major divisions, the
A.
metencephalon.
B.
diencephalon.
C.
telencephalon.
D.
mesencephalon.
E.
myelencephalon.
Question #47
Multiple sclerosis
A.
is a progressive disorder.
B.
is a disease of CNS myelin.
C.
all of these
D.
attacks young adults.
E.
is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
Question #48
Parkinson's disease is treated with
A.
L-dopa.
B.
acetylcholine.
C.
serotonin.
D.
norepinephrine.
E.
dopamine.
Question #49
"Stroke" commonly refers to
A.
brain infarcts.
B.
closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
C.
cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
D.
cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
Question #50
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
angiography
B.
CT
C.
PET
D.
functional MRI
E.
EEG
Question #51
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
PET
B.
fMRI
C.
CT
D.
MRI
E.
MEG
Question #52
Much of SII is
A.
all of these
B.
adjacent to SI.
C.
none of these
D.
in the parietal cortex.
E.
in the lateral fissure.
Question #53
The clinical effectiveness of typical antipsychotic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to
A.
glutamate receptors.
B.
D1 receptors.
C.
autoreceptors.
D.
dopamine.
E.
D2 receptors.
Question #54
To be considered a major depressive disorder, symptoms must
A.
NOT involve anhedonia.
B.
be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.
C.
involve a suicide attempt.
D.
last less than 2 weeks.
E.
last more than 2 weeks.
Question #55
The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into
A.
ovaries.
B.
the Wolffian system.
C.
the female sex ducts.
D.
the frenulum.
E.
testes.
Question #56
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
A.
randomized experiments.
B.
case studies.
C.
true experiments.
D.
unethical.
E.
quasiexperiments.
Question #57
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
A.
analogous.
B.
none of these
C.
convergent.
D.
homologous.
Question #58
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
A.
SNS and the CNS.
B.
PNS and the CNS.
C.
ANS and the CNS.
D.
brain and the spinal cord.
E.
ANS and the PNS.
Question #59
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
A.
GABA
B.
glutamate
C.
dopamine
D.
glycine
E.
serotonin
Question #60
In general, the various areas of secondary motor cortex are thought to
A.
specialize in guiding learned sequences.
B.
program specific patterns of movement.
C.
terminate response sequences.
D.
mediate reflexes.
E.
provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.
Question #61
Parts of olfactory receptor cells can be observed
A.
in the olfactory bulb.
B.
all of these
C.
passing through the cribriform plate.
D.
in the nasal passages.
E.
in the olfactory mucosa.
Question #62
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
pneumoencephalography
B.
PET scans
C.
X-ray photography
D.
CT scans
E.
cerebral angiography
Question #63
There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A.
pioneer migration.
B.
growth cone translocation.
C.
amoeboid migration.
D.
somal translocation.
Question #64
Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a major role in the
A.
all of these
B.
perception of pain.
C.
emotional reaction to pain.
D.
expectation of pain.
E.
adaptive responses to minimize pain.
Question #65
The general intellectual climate of a culture is referred to as its
A.
confounds.
B.
guano.
C.
zeitgeist.
D.
converging operations.
Question #66
The conventional view that all tastes are encoded by various combinations of activity in five primary taste receptors has a problem:
A.
No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.
B.
Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.
C.
all of these
D.
Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.
E.
Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.
Question #67
Which of the following is NOT in the brain stem?
A.
telencephalon
B.
mesencephalon
C.
metencephalon
D.
myelencephalon
E.
medulla
Question #68
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
A.
various kinds of small RNA molecules.
B.
all of these
C.
histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.
D.
many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.
E.
DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.
Question #69
At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A.
plate.
B.
crest.
C.
floor.
D.
tube.
E.
mesoderm.
Question #70
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
all of these
B.
hallucinations
C.
inappropriate affect
D.
delusions
E.
incoherent speech or thought
Question #71
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
monoamines
B.
amino acids
C.
catecholamines
D.
indolamines
Question #72
Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm, which seemed to be locked in an awkward position. Ramachandran successfully treated him by
A.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.
B.
having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
C.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
D.
injecting his stump with curare.
E.
injecting his stump with stem cells.
Question #73
The purpose of the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A.
supplies nutrients to the nervous system
B.
all of these
C.
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
D.
protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord
Question #74
Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of
A.
Huntington's disease.
B.
MPTP poisoning.
C.
Alzheimer's disease.
D.
autotransplants.
E.
epilepsy.
Question #75
Communication of the left and right hemispheres are due to this structure:
A.
Hippocampus
B.
Basal Ganglia
C.
Frontal Lobe
D.
Corpus Collasum
Question #76
In this area damage to the primary auditory cortex will result in problems hearing sounds. Damage to the left hemisphere of this structure will result in problems understanding what someone says to you.
A.
Frontal Lobe
B.
Broca's Area
C.
Parietal Lobe
D.
Temporal Lobe
Question #77
The human brain is composed of various cells, including about 100 billion that are specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals. These specialized cells are called
A.
oligodendroglia.
B.
glial cells.
C.
neurons.
D.
sulci.
E.
axons.
Question #78
Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on
A.
muscles of the fingers and thumb.
B.
Betz cells.
C.
muscles of the hands and wrists.
D.
motor neurons that project to the fingers.
E.
interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
Question #79
Evidence that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is
A.
greater for males than for females.
B.
more than for dizygotic twins.
C.
much less than 100%.
D.
much more than 50%.
Question #80
The two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called
A.
genotypes.
B.
gametes.
C.
dominants.
D.
phenotypes.
E.
alleles.
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