Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
The amyloid plaques displayed by transgenic mice are most prevalent in and around the
A.
basal ganglia.
B.
parietal cortex.
C.
cerebellum.
D.
hypothalamus.
E.
structures of the medial temporal lobes.
Question #2
The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A.
increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
B.
increase the number of synapses.
C.
increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
D.
focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
E.
increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
Question #3
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
PET
B.
CT
C.
angiography
D.
MRI
E.
EEG
Question #4
Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A.
apoptotic.
B.
none of these
C.
all of these
D.
necrotic.
E.
passive.
Question #5
The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to
A.
mechanical stimuli.
B.
all of these
C.
thermal stimuli.
D.
none of these
E.
nociceptive stimuli.
Question #6
Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty
A.
occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.
B.
is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.
C.
is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.
D.
occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.
E.
can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.
Question #7
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
hypercomplex cells.
B.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
C.
type A or type B cells.
D.
on-center or off-center cells.
E.
simple cells or complex cells.
Question #8
Unlike Old-World monkeys, apes
A.
do not have tails.
B.
do not have opposable thumbs.
C.
have tails.
D.
cannot walk upright for short distances.
E.
have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.
Question #9
The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A.
hippocampus.
B.
prefrontal cortex.
C.
amygdala.
D.
occipital cortex.
E.
hypothalamus.
Question #10
Research that is intended to bring about direct benefit to humankind is
A.
applied research.
B.
pure research.
C.
biopsychological research.
D.
case-study research.
E.
correlational research.
Question #11
The neural structure situated near the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
A.
superior colliculi.
B.
periaqueductal gray.
C.
red nucleus.
D.
substantia nigra.
E.
cerebral aqueduct.
Question #12
Another word for "integration" is
A.
"firing."
B.
"summation."
C.
"all-or-none."
D.
"activation."
E.
"release."
Question #13
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the
A.
cerebral hemispheres.
B.
brain.
C.
all of these
D.
great cerebral commissure.
E.
cerebellum.
Question #14
Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into
A.
the penis.
B.
ovaries.
C.
a Wolffian system.
D.
a Müllerian system.
E.
testes.
Question #15
A neuron normally fires when
A.
there is an IPSP.
B.
there is an EPSP.
C.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
D.
its buttons are stimulated.
E.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
Question #16
Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
A.
cranial nerves
B.
parasympathetic nervous system
C.
somatic nervous system
D.
autonomic nervous system
E.
sympathetic nervous system
Question #17
Color vision is mediated by
A.
the scotopic system.
B.
the photopic system.
C.
rhodopsin.
D.
rods.
E.
duplexity.
Question #18
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
straight lines.
B.
movement.
C.
circles.
D.
contrast.
E.
dots of light.
Question #19
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
ligand-activated ion channels.
B.
EPSPs.
C.
voltage-activated ion channels.
D.
myelin.
E.
nodes of Ranvier.
Question #20
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
A.
physiological psychology
B.
clinical psychology
C.
psychophysiology
D.
psychopharmacology
E.
neuropsychology
Question #21
The basal ganglia:
A.
None of these
B.
Regulates movement.
C.
all of these
D.
Initiates movement.
E.
Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.
Question #22
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A.
increase their muscularity.
B.
render them potent.
C.
eliminate their sterility.
D.
enable them to achieve an erection.
E.
increase their sex drive.
Question #23
The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that
A.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.
B.
None of these
C.
depressed people have low levels of monoamines.
D.
depressed people have high levels of monoamines.
E.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.
Question #24
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
A.
cognitive behavior.
B.
neurophysiology.
C.
behavioral psychology.
D.
biopsychology.
E.
neuroscience.
Question #25
Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in human sexual behavior?
A.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
B.
sexual dimorphism
C.
estrous cycle
D.
John Money
E.
anabolic steroids
Question #26
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are
A.
meninges.
B.
neurons.
C.
neuroglia.
D.
myelin.
E.
parts of the autonomic nervous system.
Question #27
In contrast to the ventromedial corticospinal tract, before descending to the spinal cord, the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract interacts with the
A.
reticular formation.
B.
vestibular nuclei.
C.
none of these
D.
all of these
E.
tectum.
Question #28
Studies have shown that about ______ new neurons are created each day in each hippocampus of humans.
A.
4
B.
8
C.
700
D.
12
E.
16
Question #29
The neural crest develops into the
A.
cortex.
B.
neural tube.
C.
circulatory system of the brain.
D.
peripheral nervous system.
E.
ventricular system.
Question #30
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from top to bottom.
B.
retinotopically.
C.
on the basis of wavelength.
D.
from left to right.
E.
ipsilaterally.
Question #31
The consequences of widespread cerebellar damage include
A.
difficulty in maintaining steady postures.
B.
all of these
C.
severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.
D.
inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.
E.
inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.
Question #32
The ________ is important in regulating such hormones as growth, hunger, sleep and sex.
A.
Hypothalamus
B.
Cochlea
C.
Hippocampus
D.
Ruffini Ending
Question #33
In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________ migration.
A.
rapid
B.
tangential
C.
circuitous
D.
axonal
E.
intermediate
Question #34
During sensorimotor learning,
A.
all of these
B.
individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
C.
the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
D.
the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
Question #35
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
retinotopically.
B.
on the basis of wavelength.
C.
from top to bottom.
D.
from left to right.
E.
ipsilaterally.
Question #36
Which of the following contains the receptors of the vestibular system?
A.
basilar membrane
B.
vestibular nucleus
C.
cochlea
D.
semicircular canals
E.
ossicles
Question #37
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
lateral inhibition.
B.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
C.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
D.
the Mach band demonstration.
E.
color constancy.
Question #38
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
acetylcholine.
B.
glutamate.
C.
dopamine.
D.
neuropeptides.
E.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
Question #39
A.
MPTP.
B.
absence epilepsy.
C.
Parkinson's disease.
D.
human epileptogenesis.
E.
multiple sclerosis.
Question #40
There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
A.
dimorphic
B.
dihydrotestosterone
C.
alpha fetoprotein
D.
aromatization
E.
cholesterol
Question #41
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
hyperpolarizes rods.
B.
opens potassium channels.
C.
depolarizes rods.
D.
opens sodium channels.
E.
depolarizes cones.
Question #42
The CSF circulates through the
A.
central canal.
B.
none of these
C.
subarachnoid space.
D.
lateral ventricles.
E.
all of these
Question #43
A dermatome is a
A.
slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.
B.
none of these
C.
free nerve ending.
D.
fast adapting cutaneous receptor.
Question #44
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been of particular interest to researchers because
A.
BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.
B.
it plays an important role in mental health.
C.
women have twice as much as men.
D.
regeneration is not possible without it.
E.
treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.
Question #45
Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A.
zygotes.
B.
ectodermal cells.
C.
embryonic stem cells.
D.
daughter cells.
E.
multipolar cells.
Question #46
This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain's major divisions, the
A.
myelencephalon.
B.
metencephalon.
C.
telencephalon.
D.
diencephalon.
E.
mesencephalon.
Question #47
Multiple sclerosis
A.
is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
B.
is a progressive disorder.
C.
all of these
D.
is a disease of CNS myelin.
E.
attacks young adults.
Question #48
A.
dopamine.
B.
norepinephrine.
C.
acetylcholine.
D.
L-dopa.
E.
serotonin.
Question #49
"Stroke" commonly refers to
A.
brain infarcts.
B.
closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
C.
cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
D.
cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
Question #50
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
functional MRI
B.
PET
C.
EEG
D.
angiography
E.
CT
Question #51
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
MRI
B.
MEG
C.
CT
D.
PET
E.
fMRI
Question #52
Much of SII is
A.
adjacent to SI.
B.
none of these
C.
in the parietal cortex.
D.
all of these
E.
in the lateral fissure.
Question #53
The clinical effectiveness of typical antipsychotic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to
A.
D1 receptors.
B.
D2 receptors.
C.
dopamine.
D.
glutamate receptors.
E.
autoreceptors.
Question #54
To be considered a major depressive disorder, symptoms must
A.
NOT involve anhedonia.
B.
involve a suicide attempt.
C.
last more than 2 weeks.
D.
last less than 2 weeks.
E.
be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.
Question #55
The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into
A.
the frenulum.
B.
the Wolffian system.
C.
ovaries.
D.
testes.
E.
the female sex ducts.
Question #56
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
A.
randomized experiments.
B.
unethical.
C.
quasiexperiments.
D.
true experiments.
E.
case studies.
Question #57
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
A.
analogous.
B.
none of these
C.
convergent.
D.
homologous.
Question #58
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
A.
SNS and the CNS.
B.
PNS and the CNS.
C.
brain and the spinal cord.
D.
ANS and the PNS.
E.
ANS and the CNS.
Question #59
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
A.
serotonin
B.
GABA
C.
glutamate
D.
dopamine
E.
glycine
Question #60
In general, the various areas of secondary motor cortex are thought to
A.
terminate response sequences.
B.
specialize in guiding learned sequences.
C.
program specific patterns of movement.
D.
provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.
E.
mediate reflexes.
Question #61
Parts of olfactory receptor cells can be observed
A.
in the olfactory bulb.
B.
all of these
C.
in the nasal passages.
D.
in the olfactory mucosa.
E.
passing through the cribriform plate.
Question #62
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
X-ray photography
B.
cerebral angiography
C.
CT scans
D.
pneumoencephalography
E.
PET scans
Question #63
There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A.
pioneer migration.
B.
somal translocation.
C.
growth cone translocation.
D.
amoeboid migration.
Question #64
Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a major role in the
A.
adaptive responses to minimize pain.
B.
emotional reaction to pain.
C.
perception of pain.
D.
expectation of pain.
E.
all of these
Question #65
The general intellectual climate of a culture is referred to as its
A.
zeitgeist.
B.
converging operations.
C.
guano.
D.
confounds.
Question #66
The conventional view that all tastes are encoded by various combinations of activity in five primary taste receptors has a problem:
A.
all of these
B.
No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.
C.
Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.
D.
Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.
E.
Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.
Question #67
Which of the following is NOT in the brain stem?
A.
myelencephalon
B.
medulla
C.
mesencephalon
D.
telencephalon
E.
metencephalon
Question #68
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
A.
various kinds of small RNA molecules.
B.
all of these
C.
histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.
D.
many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.
E.
DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.
Question #69
At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A.
plate.
B.
mesoderm.
C.
tube.
D.
floor.
E.
crest.
Question #70
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
delusions
B.
hallucinations
C.
incoherent speech or thought
D.
inappropriate affect
E.
all of these
Question #71
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
indolamines
B.
monoamines
C.
catecholamines
D.
amino acids
Question #72
Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm, which seemed to be locked in an awkward position. Ramachandran successfully treated him by
A.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.
B.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
C.
injecting his stump with curare.
D.
injecting his stump with stem cells.
E.
having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
Question #73
The purpose of the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A.
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
B.
all of these
C.
supplies nutrients to the nervous system
D.
protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord
Question #74
Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of
A.
epilepsy.
B.
Huntington's disease.
C.
autotransplants.
D.
Alzheimer's disease.
E.
MPTP poisoning.
Question #75
Communication of the left and right hemispheres are due to this structure:
A.
Hippocampus
B.
Corpus Collasum
C.
Frontal Lobe
D.
Basal Ganglia
Question #76
In this area damage to the primary auditory cortex will result in problems hearing sounds. Damage to the left hemisphere of this structure will result in problems understanding what someone says to you.
A.
Parietal Lobe
B.
Broca's Area
C.
Temporal Lobe
D.
Frontal Lobe
Question #77
The human brain is composed of various cells, including about 100 billion that are specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals. These specialized cells are called
A.
oligodendroglia.
B.
sulci.
C.
neurons.
D.
glial cells.
E.
axons.
Question #78
Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on
A.
interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
B.
Betz cells.
C.
muscles of the hands and wrists.
D.
motor neurons that project to the fingers.
E.
muscles of the fingers and thumb.
Question #79
Evidence that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is
A.
greater for males than for females.
B.
more than for dizygotic twins.
C.
much more than 50%.
D.
much less than 100%.
Question #80
The two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called
A.
dominants.
B.
gametes.
C.
genotypes.
D.
phenotypes.
E.
alleles.
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