Psychology 103 - Physiological Psychology » Spring 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
The amyloid plaques displayed by transgenic mice are most prevalent in and around the
A.
cerebellum.
B.
basal ganglia.
C.
structures of the medial temporal lobes.
D.
parietal cortex.
E.
hypothalamus.
Question #2
The general effect of synapse rearrangement is to
A.
increase the number of synaptic contacts received by each neuron.
B.
increase the ratio of axosomatic synapses to axodendritic synapses.
C.
increase the number of synapses.
D.
increase the number of different target cells innervated by each neuron.
E.
focus the output of each neuron on fewer postsynaptic cells.
Question #3
Which of the following provides the most detailed three-dimensional view of the structure of the living human brain?
A.
EEG
B.
angiography
C.
MRI
D.
PET
E.
CT
Question #4
Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A.
apoptotic.
B.
necrotic.
C.
all of these
D.
none of these
E.
passive.
Question #5
The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to
A.
mechanical stimuli.
B.
all of these
C.
thermal stimuli.
D.
none of these
E.
nociceptive stimuli.
Question #6
Generally speaking, feminization of the body at puberty
A.
is stimulated by a high ratio of androgens to estrogens.
B.
can be blocked by hormones but is not stimulated by them.
C.
occurs automatically even if testosterone is present in large amounts.
D.
is stimulated by a high ratio of estrogens to androgens.
E.
occurs automatically unless testosterone is present.
Question #7
On the basis of their receptive field properties, most neurons in lower layer IV of the primary visual cortex are classified as
A.
complex cells or hypercomplex cells.
B.
type A or type B cells.
C.
simple cells or complex cells.
D.
on-center or off-center cells.
E.
hypercomplex cells.
Question #8
Unlike Old-World monkeys, apes
A.
have opposable thumbs that are not useful for precise manipulation.
B.
do not have tails.
C.
cannot walk upright for short distances.
D.
do not have opposable thumbs.
E.
have tails.
Question #9
The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A.
prefrontal cortex.
B.
amygdala.
C.
occipital cortex.
D.
hippocampus.
E.
hypothalamus.
Question #10
Research that is intended to bring about direct benefit to humankind is
A.
case-study research.
B.
correlational research.
C.
pure research.
D.
biopsychological research.
E.
applied research.
Question #11
The neural structure situated near the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles is the
A.
periaqueductal gray.
B.
cerebral aqueduct.
C.
substantia nigra.
D.
superior colliculi.
E.
red nucleus.
Question #12
Another word for "integration" is
A.
"firing."
B.
"summation."
C.
"activation."
D.
"release."
E.
"all-or-none."
Question #13
The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the
A.
brain.
B.
all of these
C.
great cerebral commissure.
D.
cerebral hemispheres.
E.
cerebellum.
Question #14
Sry protein triggers the development of the medullas of the primordial gonads into
A.
a Wolffian system.
B.
ovaries.
C.
the penis.
D.
testes.
E.
a Müllerian system.
Question #15
A neuron normally fires when
A.
the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation.
B.
its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated.
C.
its buttons are stimulated.
D.
there is an EPSP.
E.
there is an IPSP.
Question #16
Which part of the PNS projects from only the cranial and sacral portions of the CNS?
A.
cranial nerves
B.
autonomic nervous system
C.
somatic nervous system
D.
parasympathetic nervous system
E.
sympathetic nervous system
Question #17
Color vision is mediated by
A.
rods.
B.
duplexity.
C.
rhodopsin.
D.
the scotopic system.
E.
the photopic system.
Question #18
In essence, on-center and off-center cells of the retina-geniculate-striate system respond best to
A.
dots of light.
B.
movement.
C.
circles.
D.
contrast.
E.
straight lines.
Question #19
The conduction of an action potential along any axon is mediated by the action of
A.
voltage-activated ion channels.
B.
EPSPs.
C.
nodes of Ranvier.
D.
ligand-activated ion channels.
E.
myelin.
Question #20
Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the major divisions of biopsychology?
A.
neuropsychology
B.
physiological psychology
C.
psychophysiology
D.
clinical psychology
E.
psychopharmacology
Question #21
The basal ganglia:
A.
Regulates movement.
B.
all of these
C.
Integrates and coordinates the activity of sensorimotor structures.
D.
None of these
E.
Initiates movement.
Question #22
Which of the following statements is NOT true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A.
increase their muscularity.
B.
render them potent.
C.
eliminate their sterility.
D.
enable them to achieve an erection.
E.
increase their sex drive.
Question #23
The monoamine theory of depression is based on the fact that
A.
None of these
B.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine antagonists.
C.
depressed people have low levels of monoamines.
D.
most drugs used to treat depression are monoamine agonists.
E.
depressed people have high levels of monoamines.
Question #24
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, and behavioral neuroscience are all approximate synonyms for
A.
cognitive behavior.
B.
behavioral psychology.
C.
biopsychology.
D.
neurophysiology.
E.
neuroscience.
Question #25
Which of the following suggested that the amygdala plays an important role in human sexual behavior?
A.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
B.
sexual dimorphism
C.
estrous cycle
D.
John Money
E.
anabolic steroids
Question #26
The dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater are
A.
neurons.
B.
myelin.
C.
parts of the autonomic nervous system.
D.
meninges.
E.
neuroglia.
Question #27
In contrast to the ventromedial corticospinal tract, before descending to the spinal cord, the ventromedial cortico-brainstem-spinal tract interacts with the
A.
reticular formation.
B.
tectum.
C.
all of these
D.
vestibular nuclei.
E.
none of these
Question #28
Studies have shown that about ______ new neurons are created each day in each hippocampus of humans.
A.
8
B.
4
C.
700
D.
16
E.
12
Question #29
The neural crest develops into the
A.
peripheral nervous system.
B.
ventricular system.
C.
cortex.
D.
neural tube.
E.
circulatory system of the brain.
Question #30
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
from left to right.
B.
retinotopically.
C.
ipsilaterally.
D.
on the basis of wavelength.
E.
from top to bottom.
Question #31
The consequences of widespread cerebellar damage include
A.
difficulty in maintaining steady postures.
B.
inability to adapt patterns of motor output to changing conditions.
C.
inability to precisely control the direction, force, velocity, and amplitude of movements.
D.
severe disturbances of balance, gait, speech, and eye movement.
E.
all of these
Question #32
The ________ is important in regulating such hormones as growth, hunger, sleep and sex.
A.
Hippocampus
B.
Ruffini Ending
C.
Cochlea
D.
Hypothalamus
Question #33
In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________ migration.
A.
intermediate
B.
tangential
C.
rapid
D.
circuitous
E.
axonal
Question #34
During sensorimotor learning,
A.
individual responses are often integrated into continuous motor programs.
B.
the locus of control is often shifted to lower levels of the sensorimotor hierarchy.
C.
all of these
D.
the locus of control is often shifted from conscious to unconscious control mechanisms.
Question #35
The retina-geniculate-striate system is organized
A.
on the basis of wavelength.
B.
from top to bottom.
C.
retinotopically.
D.
from left to right.
E.
ipsilaterally.
Question #36
Which of the following contains the receptors of the vestibular system?
A.
vestibular nucleus
B.
basilar membrane
C.
ossicles
D.
cochlea
E.
semicircular canals
Question #37
A compelling illustration of contrast enhancement is
A.
the Mach band demonstration.
B.
the cocktail sausage demonstration.
C.
the complementary color afterimage demonstration.
D.
lateral inhibition.
E.
color constancy.
Question #38
Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain
A.
small-molecule neurotransmitters.
B.
dopamine.
C.
acetylcholine.
D.
glutamate.
E.
neuropeptides.
Question #39
Kindling is considered to be a model of
A.
Parkinson's disease.
B.
human epileptogenesis.
C.
MPTP.
D.
absence epilepsy.
E.
multiple sclerosis.
Question #40
There is good evidence in some species that testosterone does not masculinize the brain directly, that it is first converted to estradiol, which then masculinizes the brain. This hypothesis is called the __________ hypothesis.
A.
alpha fetoprotein
B.
dihydrotestosterone
C.
aromatization
D.
cholesterol
E.
dimorphic
Question #41
The bleaching of rhodopsin by light
A.
depolarizes cones.
B.
depolarizes rods.
C.
opens potassium channels.
D.
opens sodium channels.
E.
hyperpolarizes rods.
Question #42
The CSF circulates through the
A.
all of these
B.
central canal.
C.
lateral ventricles.
D.
subarachnoid space.
E.
none of these
Question #43
A dermatome is a
A.
none of these
B.
slowly adapting cutaneous receptor.
C.
fast adapting cutaneous receptor.
D.
free nerve ending.
Question #44
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been of particular interest to researchers because
A.
treatments that improve depression increase BDNF.
B.
BDNF is localized in the prefrontal lobes.
C.
it plays an important role in mental health.
D.
women have twice as much as men.
E.
regeneration is not possible without it.
Question #45
Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A.
daughter cells.
B.
multipolar cells.
C.
ectodermal cells.
D.
embryonic stem cells.
E.
zygotes.
Question #46
This is an illustration of the developing neural tube. The line points to one of the brain's major divisions, the
A.
diencephalon.
B.
metencephalon.
C.
mesencephalon.
D.
telencephalon.
E.
myelencephalon.
Question #47
Multiple sclerosis
A.
attacks young adults.
B.
is a disease of CNS myelin.
C.
is a progressive disorder.
D.
is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
E.
all of these
Question #48
Parkinson's disease is treated with
A.
serotonin.
B.
dopamine.
C.
norepinephrine.
D.
L-dopa.
E.
acetylcholine.
Question #49
"Stroke" commonly refers to
A.
closed-head injuries of sudden onset.
B.
brain infarcts.
C.
cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset.
D.
cancerous brain tumors of sudden onset.
Question #50
Which method provides structural and functional information about the living human brain on the same image?
A.
functional MRI
B.
PET
C.
EEG
D.
angiography
E.
CT
Question #51
Which technique records the BOLD signal?
A.
fMRI
B.
MEG
C.
MRI
D.
CT
E.
PET
Question #52
Much of SII is
A.
none of these
B.
in the parietal cortex.
C.
all of these
D.
adjacent to SI.
E.
in the lateral fissure.
Question #53
The clinical effectiveness of typical antipsychotic drugs is positively correlated with the degree to which they bind to
A.
glutamate receptors.
B.
autoreceptors.
C.
D1 receptors.
D.
dopamine.
E.
D2 receptors.
Question #54
To be considered a major depressive disorder, symptoms must
A.
be triggered by an obvious traumatic event.
B.
last less than 2 weeks.
C.
involve a suicide attempt.
D.
NOT involve anhedonia.
E.
last more than 2 weeks.
Question #55
The cortices of the primordial gonads may develop into
A.
testes.
B.
the frenulum.
C.
the Wolffian system.
D.
the female sex ducts.
E.
ovaries.
Question #56
In some studies, subjects are not assigned to particular conditions; instead subjects are selected because they are already living under these conditions (e.g., alcohol consumers and alcohol nonconsumers). Such studies are
A.
quasiexperiments.
B.
randomized experiments.
C.
unethical.
D.
case studies.
E.
true experiments.
Question #57
Convergent evolution produces structures that are
A.
none of these
B.
homologous.
C.
analogous.
D.
convergent.
Question #58
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the
A.
SNS and the CNS.
B.
ANS and the PNS.
C.
PNS and the CNS.
D.
brain and the spinal cord.
E.
ANS and the CNS.
Question #59
Which is considered to be the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS?
A.
glycine
B.
GABA
C.
dopamine
D.
serotonin
E.
glutamate
Question #60
In general, the various areas of secondary motor cortex are thought to
A.
specialize in guiding learned sequences.
B.
program specific patterns of movement.
C.
provide the major input to spinal motor circuits.
D.
terminate response sequences.
E.
mediate reflexes.
Question #61
Parts of olfactory receptor cells can be observed
A.
in the olfactory bulb.
B.
in the nasal passages.
C.
all of these
D.
in the olfactory mucosa.
E.
passing through the cribriform plate.
Question #62
Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A.
PET scans
B.
cerebral angiography
C.
CT scans
D.
X-ray photography
E.
pneumoencephalography
Question #63
There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A.
growth cone translocation.
B.
pioneer migration.
C.
somal translocation.
D.
amoeboid migration.
Question #64
Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex plays a major role in the
A.
all of these
B.
adaptive responses to minimize pain.
C.
perception of pain.
D.
emotional reaction to pain.
E.
expectation of pain.
Question #65
The general intellectual climate of a culture is referred to as its
A.
confounds.
B.
zeitgeist.
C.
guano.
D.
converging operations.
Question #66
The conventional view that all tastes are encoded by various combinations of activity in five primary taste receptors has a problem:
A.
Thirty receptors have been discovered for bitter.
B.
Many tastes cannot be created from combinations of the five current primaries.
C.
No receptors have been discovered for salty and sour.
D.
Evidence suggests that there may be more than five primary tastes.
E.
all of these
Question #67
Which of the following is NOT in the brain stem?
A.
telencephalon
B.
mesencephalon
C.
metencephalon
D.
myelencephalon
E.
medulla
Question #68
Epigenetic investigations, though relatively recent, have already identified
A.
all of these
B.
many active areas of nongene (junk) DNA.
C.
histone remodeling as an important mechanism by which experience can influence gene expression.
D.
various kinds of small RNA molecules.
E.
DNA methylation as an important epigenetic mechanism.
Question #69
At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A.
tube.
B.
floor.
C.
crest.
D.
mesoderm.
E.
plate.
Question #70
Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
A.
delusions
B.
incoherent speech or thought
C.
all of these
D.
hallucinations
E.
inappropriate affect
Question #71
Which of the following are synthesized from tyrosine?
A.
amino acids
B.
indolamines
C.
catecholamines
D.
monoamines
Question #72
Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm, which seemed to be locked in an awkward position. Ramachandran successfully treated him by
A.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.
B.
injecting his stump with stem cells.
C.
having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
D.
injecting his stump with curare.
E.
having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
Question #73
The purpose of the ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
A.
protects (cushions ) brain and spinal cord
B.
supplies nutrients to the nervous system
C.
all of these
D.
removes waste products from cerebral metabolism
Question #74
Bilateral transplantation of fetal substantia nigra tissue in monkeys has proven successful in alleviating the symptoms of
A.
Alzheimer's disease.
B.
epilepsy.
C.
MPTP poisoning.
D.
autotransplants.
E.
Huntington's disease.
Question #75
Communication of the left and right hemispheres are due to this structure:
A.
Hippocampus
B.
Frontal Lobe
C.
Basal Ganglia
D.
Corpus Collasum
Question #76
In this area damage to the primary auditory cortex will result in problems hearing sounds. Damage to the left hemisphere of this structure will result in problems understanding what someone says to you.
A.
Temporal Lobe
B.
Frontal Lobe
C.
Parietal Lobe
D.
Broca's Area
Question #77
The human brain is composed of various cells, including about 100 billion that are specialized to receive and transmit electrochemical signals. These specialized cells are called
A.
glial cells.
B.
oligodendroglia.
C.
neurons.
D.
sulci.
E.
axons.
Question #78
Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on
A.
motor neurons that project to the fingers.
B.
interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
C.
Betz cells.
D.
muscles of the fingers and thumb.
E.
muscles of the hands and wrists.
Question #79
Evidence that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia is that the concordance rate for monozygotic twins is
A.
much less than 100%.
B.
greater for males than for females.
C.
much more than 50%.
D.
more than for dizygotic twins.
Question #80
The two genes, one on each chromosome of a pair, that control the same trait are called
A.
alleles.
B.
gametes.
C.
phenotypes.
D.
dominants.
E.
genotypes.
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