Civil liberties are limitations on government power designed to protect freedoms 

Civil rights are constitutional guarantees that the government (and government officials) will treat people equally regardless of whether they belong to a protected class, such as race, gender, ethnic origin, religion. etc

Black codes were designed to reduce formerly enslaved people to the status of serf or indentured servants.

The Trail of Tears is the name given to the forced removal of the Cherokee tribe from Georgia to Oklahoma.