Sociology 1 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » Exam 1

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Question #1
According to the article, "India's Sacred Cow," the cow represents "health and abundance."  This applies to which sociological theory?
A.   Structural Functionalism
B.   Symbolic Interactionism
C.   Conflict Theory
D.   Social Exchange Theory
Question #2
Which type of research method was implemented by Chagnon in his research of the Yanomamo society ("The Fierce People")?
A.   survey research
B.   participant observation
C.   experimental design
D.   content analysis
Question #3
George Ritzer maintains that the organizational features of the fast food industry have gradually seeped into many aspects of human social life. He describes this process as the ________.
A.   "bureaucratization of society"
B.   "McDonaldization of society"
C.   "credentialism of society"
D.   "rationalization of society"
Question #4
In the article titled, "The Fierce People," the researcher experienced _____ upon his initial interactions with this culture.
A.   subculture
B.   culture shock
C.   folkway
D.   counterculture
Question #5
In the article "India's Sacred Cow" it was noted that all parts of the cow are considered useful and all parts are used, for example the cow dung is used for fuel.  It was also noted that the cow has remained an important part of India's system and is considered efficient and important for the stabiltiy of the society.  These examples are being analyzed by which of the following perspectives?
A.   functionalist perspective
B.   none of these
C.   symbolic interactionist perspective
D.   conflict perspective
Question #6
Jarod is conducting research on the homeless. For six weeks he has lived among the homeless "24/7," sleeping on the street or at a shelter, and engaging in the same activities as the population he is studying. By doing so, Jarod has been able to gather a broad understanding of the homeless, their needs, and characteristics. In view of this, Jarod is using ________ as a method of gathering data.
A.   representative sampling
B.   content analysis
C.   secondary analysis
D.   participant observation
Question #7
Religion has often been used to justify denying homosexuals certain rights in the United States. How would conflict theorists argue what this illustrates about religion?
A.   Religion can provide everyday guidelines for living.
B.   Religion is used to legitimate social inequality.
C.   Religion clouds people's rational judgment.
D.   Religion is the foundation of government.
Question #8
Samantha works in a place that is hierarchical in nature, has a division of labor, written rules, communications and records, and one in which workers treat each other impersonally. Based on these characteristics, what can we conclude about Samantha's workplace?
A.   Samantha is in a voluntary association.
B.   Samantha is a part of an oligarchy.
C.   Samantha works in a bureaucracy.
D.   Samantha works in a non-profit organization.
Question #9
Which of the following best explains social forces?
A.   all of these
B.   Social forces affect how social we become and the amount of social interactions we have with others.
C.   Social forces include history, culture, and environment and are found to impact our behaviors and the decisions we make.
D.   Social forces have NOT been found to contribute to the decisions we make or our behaviors.
Question #10
Sociology is
A.   a group of several academic disciplines designed to understand the social world
B.   a science focused on the distribution of the material goods and services of a society.
C.   a science that focuses on the mental processes of individuals.
D.   a science that studies society, social interaction, and the external factors that influence groups of individuals.
Question #11
The five institutions that make up "society as a social system" discussed by Parsons include:
A.   family, religion, education, economics, and politics
B.   family, government, police, courts, and prisons
C.   nutrition, exercise, rest, well-being, and financial security
D.   anthropology, sociology, psychology, economics, and political science
Question #12
The sociological imagination is explained as
A.   the impact social forces has on people's lives
B.   viewing events, issues, and the world from a sociological perspective
C.   an understanding of others in relation to history and the social structure of society
D.   all of these
Question #13
What conclusion can be drawn from Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity?
A.   Younger people are more susceptible to group pressure than older adults.
B.   Women are more susceptible to group pressure than men.
C.   Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things they know are not true.
D.   Americans are highly individualistic and reluctant to conform to group pressure.
Question #14
What was the conclusion reached by Stanley Milgram in his "teacher-learner" experiment?
A.   Some people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.
B.   Electric shock treatments improve students' abilities to learn.
C.   Only emotionally disturbed persons enjoy inflicting pain on others.
D.   Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority.
Question #15
Which is not a goal of sociology?
A.   identify patterns of behavior
B.   all of these are goals of sociology
C.   none of these are goals of sociology
D.   study external factors that affect individuals
E.   describe, explain, and predict human behavior
Question #16
Which of the following are steps in the social research process?
A.   Analyze and share the results.
B.   Select a topic and review the literature.
C.   Choose a research method and collect the data.
D.   all of these are steps in the social research process.
Question #17
Which of the following statements is correct about Jim Jones and Jonestown?
A.   Jim Jones told his followers that he was God (symbolized God) which is part of the symbolic interactionist perspective.
B.   From a conflict perspective Jim Jones took advantage of the disadvantaged individuals in society.
C.   Jim Jones and Jonestown provided all of the functions of religion to his followers.
D.   all of these are correct.
Question #18
Which sociological perspective views society as being composed of groups that engage in fierce competition for scarce resources?
A.   symbolic interactionism
B.   conflict theory
C.   functional analysis
D.   structural functionalism
Question #19
Which sociological perspective/theory stresses that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together harmoniously?
A.   structural functionalist theory /perspective
B.   symbolic interactionist theory/perspective
C.   the neo-conflict perspective
D.   conflict theory/perspective
Question #20
Which sociological perspective stresses the teachings of religion comfort and help people adjust to life's problems and provide guidelines for daily life?
A.   the neo-conflict perspective
B.   the conflict perspective
C.   the functionalist perspective
D.   the symbolic interactionist perspective
Question #21
Which sociologist coined the term "the power elite" to describe the top leaders of the largest corporations, most powerful generals and admirals, and certain elite politicians who make the major decisions in the United States?
A.   Kai Ericson
B.   C. Wright Mills
C.   Talcott Parsons
D.   Lewis Coser Jr.
Question #22
Which was NOT stated in the article by Berger titled, "Sociology as an Individual Pastime"?
A.   A sociologist is a unique social scientist that rarely encounters other social scientists such as the historian, anthropologist, or psychologist.
B.   A sociologist wants to understand the lives of others "on the other side of the river" and wants to understand what is going on "behind closed doors".
C.   Those who prefer to believe what they were taught or have "no interest in human beings" will not appreciate sociology.
D.   Sociology is interested in the "doings of men" and observing individuals in their "natural habitat".
Question #23
Which set of concepts best illustrates nonmaterial culture?
A.   mores, sanctions, machines
B.   beliefs, values, norms
C.   weapons, clothing, folkways
D.   jewelry, art, hairstyles
Question #24
According to class lecture Pica is
A.   associated with behavioral and academic problems.
B.   all of these.
C.   can be explained by social learning theory.
D.   is correlated to poverty.
Question #25
In the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, which of the following terms least applies to nurture?
A.   social environment
B.   heredity
C.   socialization
D.   parenting
Question #26
In the study by Skeels and Dye on orphanages it was found that
A.   children who were raised in any type of orphanage have lower IQs than other children.
B.   touch and bonds with others play an important role in one's socialization, IQ, and health.
C.   death rates are low in all types of orphanages.
D.   all of these.
Question #27
Albert Bandura's bobo doll study demonstrated that
A.   children cry when they see aggressive behavior.
B.   children imitate the aggressive behavior that they observe.
C.   girls do not imitate aggressive behavior.
D.   children do not imitate the aggressive behavior that they observe.
Question #28
What was the result of intensified remedial training given to Genie, a 13-year-old feral child discovered in California in 1970?
A.   Genie died before the training could have an effect.
B.   Genie was able to achieve a normal intellectual level after two years of training.
C.   The training had little effect, and Genie lived a primitive lifestyle.
D.   Genie surpassed the intellectual level of other children her age after two years of training.
Question #29
What effect did two years of intensive intervention and the fact that she had some socialization from her mother have on Isabelle, the isolated child discovered in Ohio in 1938?
A.   Isabelle reached an intellectual level normal for her age.
B.   By the age of 18 years old Isabelle was only able to achieve an intellectual level about half her age.
C.   Isabelle surpassed the intellectual level of other children her age as a result of the intensive training.
D.   Isabelle failed to benefit from the training because she was discovered too late, at the age of 13 years old.
Question #30
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under?
A.   Structural Functionalism
B.   Behaviorism
C.   Symbolic Interactionism
D.   Conflict Theory
Question #31
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor’s analysis is _____, while Felix’s analysis is _____.
A.   Micro-level; macro-level.
B.   Macro-level; micro-level.
C.   They are both macro-level.
D.   They are both micro-level.
Question #32
Qualitative sociology can be defined as:
A.   Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming.
B.   Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences.
C.   In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
D.   Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.
Question #33
Alexis wants to research the 1960’s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
A.   Ethnography
B.   Experiments
C.   Surveys
D.   Secondary data analysis
Question #34
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
A.   Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
B.   Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades
C.   Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John
D.   Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops
Question #35
Which of the following is not an example of a sociological hypothesis?
A.   The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests.
B.   The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world.
C.   The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
D.   The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school.
Question #36
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
A.   Using a control group and an experimental group during observation
B.   Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict
C.   Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment
D.   Observing study participants without their consent
Question #37
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. “I hate the food,” she tells her family at home. “I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be.” This is an example of _______.
A.   Moral relativism
B.   Xenocentrism
C.   Ethnocentrism
D.   Paradigms
Question #38
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.
A.   Material culture
B.   Culture shock
C.   Cultural imperialism
D.   Xenocentricism
Question #39
The term values can be defined as:
A.   A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.
B.   The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.
C.   Federal laws and regulations.
D.   Scripture found within the Bible.
Question #40
Which of the following is not an example of a formal norm within the United States?
A.   Making eye contact while speaking
B.   Crossing streets on cross-walks
C.   Driving on the right hand side of the road
D.   Paying taxes
Question #41
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
A.   The disco invasion of the 1970’s
B.   The Kardashian obsession of the 2010’s
C.   The hippie movement of the 1960’s
D.   The yuppie craze of the 1980’s
Question #42
In the early 2000’s, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______.
A.   Formal Sanction
B.   Subculture
C.   Social relativism
D.   More
Question #43
Which of the following is not an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?
A.   Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Julliard, Jose believes he isn’t good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don’t admit him due to his lack of certainty.
B.   Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sisters and cousins that she’s destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out.
C.   Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn’t bother preparing, convinced it’s a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired.
D.   Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
Question #44
Please place the following societies in chronological order:
A.   Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural
B.   Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
C.   Pastoral; Agricultural, Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural
D.   Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural
Question #45
Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul and former president Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.
A.   Ascribed status
B.   The Thomas Theorem
C.   Achieved status
D.   The looking-glass self
Question #46
  
A.   Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham.
B.   Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.
C.   Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children.
D.   Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.
Question #47
Charles Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:
A.   Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image.
B.   People base their images on how they think other people see them.
C.   Personal identity isn’t influenced by outside social forces.
D.   The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures.
Question #48
Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______.
A.   Poor parenting
B.   The looking-glass self
C.   A degradation ceremony
D.   The resocialization process
Question #49
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?
A.   Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
B.   Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey.”
C.   Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.
D.   Letting Kim wear pants to school.
Question #50
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o’clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o’clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o’clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?
A.   A shift in her reading habits.
B.   A shift in her desire to enjoy life.
C.   A complete and permanent loss of herself.
D.   Resocialization.
Question #51
During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it:
A.   An excellent cross section of the population
B.   A total institution
C.   A psychological phenomenon that is outside the realm of sociological study
D.   An incomplete institution
Question #52
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much and maintain the norms of their family history. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
A.   Structural Functionalism
B.   Feminist Theory
C.   Exchange Theory
D.   Conflict Theory
Question #53
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
A.   Structural Functionalism
B.   Exchange Theory
C.   Conflict
D.   Symbolic Interactionism
Question #54
What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
A.   A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships.
B.   A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships.
C.   A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.
D.   A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.
Question #55
The United States Government is a form of:
A.   A normative organization
B.   A coercive organization
C.   A bureaucracy
D.   A total institution
Question #56
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a bureaucracy?
A.   Clear division of labor
B.   Explicit rules
C.   Impersonality
D.   Personality-based promotion
Question #57
In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?
A.   Laissez-faire
B.   Democratic
C.   Oligarchy
D.   Authoritarian
Question #58
The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
A.   The authoritarian devalue of an employee .
B.   The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation.
C.   A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.
D.   A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
Question #59
Some believe that religion is important because it provides social norms and answers to difficult questions about life and the meaning of life.  Which social theory does this represent?
A.   A symbolic interactionist
B.   A feminist
C.   A conflict theorist
D.   A structural functionalist
Question #60
A sociologist studying how religious beliefs can become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people and discriminate against people of other religions probably is:
A.   A structural functionalist
B.   A symbolic interactionist
C.   A conflict theorist
D.   A feminist

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