Sociology 1 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » Exam 1
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Question #1
According to the article, "India's Sacred Cow," the cow represents "health and abundance." This applies to which sociological theory?
A.
Symbolic Interactionism
B.
Conflict Theory
C.
Structural Functionalism
D.
Social Exchange Theory
Question #2
Which type of research method was implemented by Chagnon in his research of the Yanomamo society ("The Fierce People")?
A.
content analysis
B.
survey research
C.
participant observation
D.
experimental design
Question #3
George Ritzer maintains that the organizational features of the fast food industry have gradually seeped into many aspects of human social life. He describes this process as the ________.
A.
"McDonaldization of society"
B.
"credentialism of society"
C.
"rationalization of society"
D.
"bureaucratization of society"
Question #4
In the article titled, "The Fierce People," the researcher experienced _____ upon his initial interactions with this culture.
A.
counterculture
B.
subculture
C.
culture shock
D.
folkway
Question #5
In the article "India's Sacred Cow" it was noted that all parts of the cow are considered useful and all parts are used, for example the cow dung is used for fuel. It was also noted that the cow has remained an important part of India's system and is considered efficient and important for the stabiltiy of the society. These examples are being analyzed by which of the following perspectives?
A.
functionalist perspective
B.
conflict perspective
C.
symbolic interactionist perspective
D.
none of these
Question #6
Jarod is conducting research on the homeless. For six weeks he has lived among the homeless "24/7," sleeping on the street or at a shelter, and engaging in the same activities as the population he is studying. By doing so, Jarod has been able to gather a broad understanding of the homeless, their needs, and characteristics. In view of this, Jarod is using ________ as a method of gathering data.
A.
secondary analysis
B.
content analysis
C.
representative sampling
D.
participant observation
Question #7
Religion has often been used to justify denying homosexuals certain rights in the United States. How would conflict theorists argue what this illustrates about religion?
A.
Religion is the foundation of government.
B.
Religion clouds people's rational judgment.
C.
Religion is used to legitimate social inequality.
D.
Religion can provide everyday guidelines for living.
Question #8
Samantha works in a place that is hierarchical in nature, has a division of labor, written rules, communications and records, and one in which workers treat each other impersonally. Based on these characteristics, what can we conclude about Samantha's workplace?
A.
Samantha is in a voluntary association.
B.
Samantha works in a bureaucracy.
C.
Samantha is a part of an oligarchy.
D.
Samantha works in a non-profit organization.
Question #9
Which of the following best explains social forces?
A.
Social forces have NOT been found to contribute to the decisions we make or our behaviors.
B.
Social forces include history, culture, and environment and are found to impact our behaviors and the decisions we make.
C.
Social forces affect how social we become and the amount of social interactions we have with others.
D.
all of these
Question #10
Sociology is
A.
a science that studies society, social interaction, and the external factors that influence groups of individuals.
B.
a science that focuses on the mental processes of individuals.
C.
a group of several academic disciplines designed to understand the social world
D.
a science focused on the distribution of the material goods and services of a society.
Question #11
The five institutions that make up "society as a social system" discussed by Parsons include:
A.
family, religion, education, economics, and politics
B.
nutrition, exercise, rest, well-being, and financial security
C.
family, government, police, courts, and prisons
D.
anthropology, sociology, psychology, economics, and political science
Question #12
The sociological imagination is explained as
A.
the impact social forces has on people's lives
B.
viewing events, issues, and the world from a sociological perspective
C.
all of these
D.
an understanding of others in relation to history and the social structure of society
Question #13
What conclusion can be drawn from Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity?
A.
Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things they know are not true.
B.
Women are more susceptible to group pressure than men.
C.
Younger people are more susceptible to group pressure than older adults.
D.
Americans are highly individualistic and reluctant to conform to group pressure.
Question #14
What was the conclusion reached by Stanley Milgram in his "teacher-learner" experiment?
A.
Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority.
B.
Electric shock treatments improve students' abilities to learn.
C.
Some people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.
D.
Only emotionally disturbed persons enjoy inflicting pain on others.
Question #15
Which is not a goal of sociology?
A.
none of these are goals of sociology
B.
describe, explain, and predict human behavior
C.
study external factors that affect individuals
D.
identify patterns of behavior
E.
all of these are goals of sociology
Question #16
Which of the following are steps in the social research process?
A.
Analyze and share the results.
B.
Select a topic and review the literature.
C.
all of these are steps in the social research process.
D.
Choose a research method and collect the data.
Question #17
Which of the following statements is correct about Jim Jones and Jonestown?
A.
Jim Jones and Jonestown provided all of the functions of religion to his followers.
B.
all of these are correct.
C.
Jim Jones told his followers that he was God (symbolized God) which is part of the symbolic interactionist perspective.
D.
From a conflict perspective Jim Jones took advantage of the disadvantaged individuals in society.
Question #18
Which sociological perspective views society as being composed of groups that engage in fierce competition for scarce resources?
A.
symbolic interactionism
B.
structural functionalism
C.
conflict theory
D.
functional analysis
Question #19
Which sociological perspective/theory stresses that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together harmoniously?
A.
conflict theory/perspective
B.
structural functionalist theory /perspective
C.
symbolic interactionist theory/perspective
D.
the neo-conflict perspective
Question #20
Which sociological perspective stresses the teachings of religion comfort and help people adjust to life's problems and provide guidelines for daily life?
A.
the conflict perspective
B.
the symbolic interactionist perspective
C.
the functionalist perspective
D.
the neo-conflict perspective
Question #21
Which sociologist coined the term "the power elite" to describe the top leaders of the largest corporations, most powerful generals and admirals, and certain elite politicians who make the major decisions in the United States?
A.
Kai Ericson
B.
Talcott Parsons
C.
C. Wright Mills
D.
Lewis Coser Jr.
Question #22
Which was NOT stated in the article by Berger titled, "Sociology as an Individual Pastime"?
A.
Those who prefer to believe what they were taught or have "no interest in human beings" will not appreciate sociology.
B.
A sociologist is a unique social scientist that rarely encounters other social scientists such as the historian, anthropologist, or psychologist.
C.
A sociologist wants to understand the lives of others "on the other side of the river" and wants to understand what is going on "behind closed doors".
D.
Sociology is interested in the "doings of men" and observing individuals in their "natural habitat".
Question #23
Which set of concepts best illustrates nonmaterial culture?
A.
jewelry, art, hairstyles
B.
weapons, clothing, folkways
C.
beliefs, values, norms
D.
mores, sanctions, machines
Question #24
According to class lecture Pica is
A.
is correlated to poverty.
B.
all of these.
C.
can be explained by social learning theory.
D.
associated with behavioral and academic problems.
Question #25
In the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, which of the following terms least applies to nurture?
A.
heredity
B.
socialization
C.
social environment
D.
parenting
Question #26
In the study by Skeels and Dye on orphanages it was found that
A.
all of these.
B.
children who were raised in any type of orphanage have lower IQs than other children.
C.
touch and bonds with others play an important role in one's socialization, IQ, and health.
D.
death rates are low in all types of orphanages.
Question #27
Albert Bandura's bobo doll study demonstrated that
A.
girls do not imitate aggressive behavior.
B.
children cry when they see aggressive behavior.
C.
children imitate the aggressive behavior that they observe.
D.
children do not imitate the aggressive behavior that they observe.
Question #28
What was the result of intensified remedial training given to Genie, a 13-year-old feral child discovered in California in 1970?
A.
Genie was able to achieve a normal intellectual level after two years of training.
B.
Genie died before the training could have an effect.
C.
The training had little effect, and Genie lived a primitive lifestyle.
D.
Genie surpassed the intellectual level of other children her age after two years of training.
Question #29
What effect did two years of intensive intervention and the fact that she had some socialization from her mother have on Isabelle, the isolated child discovered in Ohio in 1938?
A.
Isabelle failed to benefit from the training because she was discovered too late, at the age of 13 years old.
B.
Isabelle surpassed the intellectual level of other children her age as a result of the intensive training.
C.
By the age of 18 years old Isabelle was only able to achieve an intellectual level about half her age.
D.
Isabelle reached an intellectual level normal for her age.
Question #30
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under?
A.
Symbolic Interactionism
B.
Structural Functionalism
C.
Conflict Theory
D.
Behaviorism
Question #31
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor’s analysis is _____, while Felix’s analysis is _____.
A.
They are both macro-level.
B.
They are both micro-level.
C.
Macro-level; micro-level.
D.
Micro-level; macro-level.
Question #32
Qualitative sociology can be defined as:
A.
In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
B.
Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences.
C.
Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming.
D.
Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.
Question #33
Alexis wants to research the 1960’s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
A.
Ethnography
B.
Experiments
C.
Secondary data analysis
D.
Surveys
Question #34
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
A.
Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John
B.
Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades
C.
Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
D.
Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops
Question #35
Which of the following is not an example of a sociological hypothesis?
A.
The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school.
B.
The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests.
C.
The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
D.
The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world.
Question #36
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
A.
Observing study participants without their consent
B.
Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment
C.
Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict
D.
Using a control group and an experimental group during observation
Question #37
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. “I hate the food,” she tells her family at home. “I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be.” This is an example of _______.
A.
Moral relativism
B.
Xenocentrism
C.
Ethnocentrism
D.
Paradigms
Question #38
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.
A.
Culture shock
B.
Material culture
C.
Xenocentricism
D.
Cultural imperialism
Question #39
The term values can be defined as:
A.
Scripture found within the Bible.
B.
A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.
C.
The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.
D.
Federal laws and regulations.
Question #40
Which of the following is not an example of a formal norm within the United States?
A.
Crossing streets on cross-walks
B.
Driving on the right hand side of the road
C.
Making eye contact while speaking
D.
Paying taxes
Question #41
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
A.
The yuppie craze of the 1980’s
B.
The disco invasion of the 1970’s
C.
The hippie movement of the 1960’s
D.
The Kardashian obsession of the 2010’s
Question #42
In the early 2000’s, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______.
A.
Social relativism
B.
Formal Sanction
C.
More
D.
Subculture
Question #43
Which of the following is not an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?
A.
Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sisters and cousins that she’s destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out.
B.
Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn’t bother preparing, convinced it’s a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired.
C.
Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Julliard, Jose believes he isn’t good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don’t admit him due to his lack of certainty.
D.
Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
Question #44
Please place the following societies in chronological order:
A.
Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural
B.
Pastoral; Agricultural, Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural
C.
Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural
D.
Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
Question #45
Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul and former president Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.
A.
The looking-glass self
B.
The Thomas Theorem
C.
Ascribed status
D.
Achieved status
Question #46
Which of the following is an example of role strain?
A.
Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children.
B.
Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.
C.
Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.
D.
Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham.
Question #47
Charles Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:
A.
The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures.
B.
Personal identity isn’t influenced by outside social forces.
C.
Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image.
D.
People base their images on how they think other people see them.
Question #48
Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______.
A.
The looking-glass self
B.
The resocialization process
C.
A degradation ceremony
D.
Poor parenting
Question #49
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?
A.
Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.
B.
Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
C.
Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey.”
D.
Letting Kim wear pants to school.
Question #50
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o’clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o’clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o’clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?
A.
A shift in her desire to enjoy life.
B.
A complete and permanent loss of herself.
C.
Resocialization.
D.
A shift in her reading habits.
Question #51
During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it:
A.
An incomplete institution
B.
A total institution
C.
An excellent cross section of the population
D.
A psychological phenomenon that is outside the realm of sociological study
Question #52
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much and maintain the norms of their family history. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
A.
Feminist Theory
B.
Conflict Theory
C.
Structural Functionalism
D.
Exchange Theory
Question #53
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
A.
Structural Functionalism
B.
Symbolic Interactionism
C.
Exchange Theory
D.
Conflict
Question #54
What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
A.
A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships.
B.
A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships.
C.
A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.
D.
A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.
Question #55
The United States Government is a form of:
A.
A total institution
B.
A normative organization
C.
A coercive organization
D.
A bureaucracy
Question #56
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a bureaucracy?
A.
Impersonality
B.
Clear division of labor
C.
Personality-based promotion
D.
Explicit rules
Question #57
In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?
A.
Authoritarian
B.
Oligarchy
C.
Democratic
D.
Laissez-faire
Question #58
The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
A.
The authoritarian devalue of an employee .
B.
A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.
C.
The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation.
D.
A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
Question #59
Some believe that religion is important because it provides social norms and answers to difficult questions about life and the meaning of life. Which social theory does this represent?
A.
A conflict theorist
B.
A structural functionalist
C.
A symbolic interactionist
D.
A feminist
Question #60
A sociologist studying how religious beliefs can become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people and discriminate against people of other religions probably is:
A.
A structural functionalist
B.
A symbolic interactionist
C.
A conflict theorist
D.
A feminist
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