Sociology 1 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » Exam 1

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Question #1
According to the article, "India's Sacred Cow," the cow represents "health and abundance."  This applies to which sociological theory?
A.   Social Exchange Theory
B.   Conflict Theory
C.   Symbolic Interactionism
D.   Structural Functionalism
Question #2
Which type of research method was implemented by Chagnon in his research of the Yanomamo society ("The Fierce People")?
A.   participant observation
B.   experimental design
C.   content analysis
D.   survey research
Question #3
George Ritzer maintains that the organizational features of the fast food industry have gradually seeped into many aspects of human social life. He describes this process as the ________.
A.   "credentialism of society"
B.   "McDonaldization of society"
C.   "rationalization of society"
D.   "bureaucratization of society"
Question #4
In the article titled, "The Fierce People," the researcher experienced _____ upon his initial interactions with this culture.
A.   counterculture
B.   culture shock
C.   subculture
D.   folkway
Question #5
In the article "India's Sacred Cow" it was noted that all parts of the cow are considered useful and all parts are used, for example the cow dung is used for fuel.  It was also noted that the cow has remained an important part of India's system and is considered efficient and important for the stabiltiy of the society.  These examples are being analyzed by which of the following perspectives?
A.   none of these
B.   functionalist perspective
C.   symbolic interactionist perspective
D.   conflict perspective
Question #6
Jarod is conducting research on the homeless. For six weeks he has lived among the homeless "24/7," sleeping on the street or at a shelter, and engaging in the same activities as the population he is studying. By doing so, Jarod has been able to gather a broad understanding of the homeless, their needs, and characteristics. In view of this, Jarod is using ________ as a method of gathering data.
A.   participant observation
B.   secondary analysis
C.   content analysis
D.   representative sampling
Question #7
Religion has often been used to justify denying homosexuals certain rights in the United States. How would conflict theorists argue what this illustrates about religion?
A.   Religion is the foundation of government.
B.   Religion is used to legitimate social inequality.
C.   Religion can provide everyday guidelines for living.
D.   Religion clouds people's rational judgment.
Question #8
Samantha works in a place that is hierarchical in nature, has a division of labor, written rules, communications and records, and one in which workers treat each other impersonally. Based on these characteristics, what can we conclude about Samantha's workplace?
A.   Samantha is in a voluntary association.
B.   Samantha works in a non-profit organization.
C.   Samantha is a part of an oligarchy.
D.   Samantha works in a bureaucracy.
Question #9
Which of the following best explains social forces?
A.   Social forces affect how social we become and the amount of social interactions we have with others.
B.   Social forces include history, culture, and environment and are found to impact our behaviors and the decisions we make.
C.   all of these
D.   Social forces have NOT been found to contribute to the decisions we make or our behaviors.
Question #10
Sociology is
A.   a science focused on the distribution of the material goods and services of a society.
B.   a science that studies society, social interaction, and the external factors that influence groups of individuals.
C.   a science that focuses on the mental processes of individuals.
D.   a group of several academic disciplines designed to understand the social world
Question #11
The five institutions that make up "society as a social system" discussed by Parsons include:
A.   family, government, police, courts, and prisons
B.   anthropology, sociology, psychology, economics, and political science
C.   nutrition, exercise, rest, well-being, and financial security
D.   family, religion, education, economics, and politics
Question #12
The sociological imagination is explained as
A.   all of these
B.   viewing events, issues, and the world from a sociological perspective
C.   the impact social forces has on people's lives
D.   an understanding of others in relation to history and the social structure of society
Question #13
What conclusion can be drawn from Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity?
A.   Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things they know are not true.
B.   Women are more susceptible to group pressure than men.
C.   Americans are highly individualistic and reluctant to conform to group pressure.
D.   Younger people are more susceptible to group pressure than older adults.
Question #14
What was the conclusion reached by Stanley Milgram in his "teacher-learner" experiment?
A.   Electric shock treatments improve students' abilities to learn.
B.   Some people will inflict pain on others if ordered to do so by a person in a position of authority.
C.   Most people conform to social norms, even when told to deviate from them by persons in authority.
D.   Only emotionally disturbed persons enjoy inflicting pain on others.
Question #15
Which is not a goal of sociology?
A.   study external factors that affect individuals
B.   none of these are goals of sociology
C.   identify patterns of behavior
D.   describe, explain, and predict human behavior
E.   all of these are goals of sociology
Question #16
Which of the following are steps in the social research process?
A.   Choose a research method and collect the data.
B.   Select a topic and review the literature.
C.   all of these are steps in the social research process.
D.   Analyze and share the results.
Question #17
Which of the following statements is correct about Jim Jones and Jonestown?
A.   Jim Jones and Jonestown provided all of the functions of religion to his followers.
B.   Jim Jones told his followers that he was God (symbolized God) which is part of the symbolic interactionist perspective.
C.   all of these are correct.
D.   From a conflict perspective Jim Jones took advantage of the disadvantaged individuals in society.
Question #18
Which sociological perspective views society as being composed of groups that engage in fierce competition for scarce resources?
A.   functional analysis
B.   symbolic interactionism
C.   conflict theory
D.   structural functionalism
Question #19
Which sociological perspective/theory stresses that society is a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together harmoniously?
A.   structural functionalist theory /perspective
B.   symbolic interactionist theory/perspective
C.   conflict theory/perspective
D.   the neo-conflict perspective
Question #20
Which sociological perspective stresses the teachings of religion comfort and help people adjust to life's problems and provide guidelines for daily life?
A.   the conflict perspective
B.   the symbolic interactionist perspective
C.   the functionalist perspective
D.   the neo-conflict perspective
Question #21
Which sociologist coined the term "the power elite" to describe the top leaders of the largest corporations, most powerful generals and admirals, and certain elite politicians who make the major decisions in the United States?
A.   Lewis Coser Jr.
B.   Talcott Parsons
C.   C. Wright Mills
D.   Kai Ericson
Question #22
Which was NOT stated in the article by Berger titled, "Sociology as an Individual Pastime"?
A.   A sociologist is a unique social scientist that rarely encounters other social scientists such as the historian, anthropologist, or psychologist.
B.   A sociologist wants to understand the lives of others "on the other side of the river" and wants to understand what is going on "behind closed doors".
C.   Those who prefer to believe what they were taught or have "no interest in human beings" will not appreciate sociology.
D.   Sociology is interested in the "doings of men" and observing individuals in their "natural habitat".
Question #23
Which set of concepts best illustrates nonmaterial culture?
A.   jewelry, art, hairstyles
B.   beliefs, values, norms
C.   weapons, clothing, folkways
D.   mores, sanctions, machines
Question #24
According to class lecture Pica is
A.   all of these.
B.   is correlated to poverty.
C.   associated with behavioral and academic problems.
D.   can be explained by social learning theory.
Question #25
In the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, which of the following terms least applies to nurture?
A.   social environment
B.   socialization
C.   parenting
D.   heredity
Question #26
In the study by Skeels and Dye on orphanages it was found that
A.   death rates are low in all types of orphanages.
B.   touch and bonds with others play an important role in one's socialization, IQ, and health.
C.   children who were raised in any type of orphanage have lower IQs than other children.
D.   all of these.
Question #27
Albert Bandura's bobo doll study demonstrated that
A.   children cry when they see aggressive behavior.
B.   children imitate the aggressive behavior that they observe.
C.   children do not imitate the aggressive behavior that they observe.
D.   girls do not imitate aggressive behavior.
Question #28
What was the result of intensified remedial training given to Genie, a 13-year-old feral child discovered in California in 1970?
A.   Genie surpassed the intellectual level of other children her age after two years of training.
B.   Genie was able to achieve a normal intellectual level after two years of training.
C.   Genie died before the training could have an effect.
D.   The training had little effect, and Genie lived a primitive lifestyle.
Question #29
What effect did two years of intensive intervention and the fact that she had some socialization from her mother have on Isabelle, the isolated child discovered in Ohio in 1938?
A.   By the age of 18 years old Isabelle was only able to achieve an intellectual level about half her age.
B.   Isabelle surpassed the intellectual level of other children her age as a result of the intensive training.
C.   Isabelle failed to benefit from the training because she was discovered too late, at the age of 13 years old.
D.   Isabelle reached an intellectual level normal for her age.
Question #30
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under?
A.   Structural Functionalism
B.   Symbolic Interactionism
C.   Conflict Theory
D.   Behaviorism
Question #31
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor’s analysis is _____, while Felix’s analysis is _____.
A.   Micro-level; macro-level.
B.   They are both micro-level.
C.   Macro-level; micro-level.
D.   They are both macro-level.
Question #32
Qualitative sociology can be defined as:
A.   In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.
B.   Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences.
C.   Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.
D.   Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming.
Question #33
Alexis wants to research the 1960’s feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using?
A.   Surveys
B.   Secondary data analysis
C.   Experiments
D.   Ethnography
Question #34
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable.
A.   Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades
B.   Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops
C.   Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John
D.   Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades
Question #35
Which of the following is not an example of a sociological hypothesis?
A.   The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests.
B.   The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school.
C.   The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account
D.   The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world.
Question #36
Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice?
A.   Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict
B.   Using a control group and an experimental group during observation
C.   Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment
D.   Observing study participants without their consent
Question #37
  
A.   Paradigms
B.   Ethnocentrism
C.   Moral relativism
D.   Xenocentrism
Question #38
Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____.
A.   Xenocentricism
B.   Cultural imperialism
C.   Material culture
D.   Culture shock
Question #39
The term values can be defined as:
A.   Federal laws and regulations.
B.   The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.
C.   Scripture found within the Bible.
D.   A culture’s standard for discerning what’s good and just in society.
Question #40
Which of the following is not an example of a formal norm within the United States?
A.   Driving on the right hand side of the road
B.   Making eye contact while speaking
C.   Crossing streets on cross-walks
D.   Paying taxes
Question #41
Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?
A.   The Kardashian obsession of the 2010’s
B.   The disco invasion of the 1970’s
C.   The hippie movement of the 1960’s
D.   The yuppie craze of the 1980’s
Question #42
In the early 2000’s, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______.
A.   More
B.   Social relativism
C.   Subculture
D.   Formal Sanction
Question #43
Which of the following is not an example of self-fulfilling prophecy?
A.   Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.
B.   Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step-sisters and cousins that she’s destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out.
C.   Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn’t bother preparing, convinced it’s a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired.
D.   Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Julliard, Jose believes he isn’t good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don’t admit him due to his lack of certainty.
Question #44
Please place the following societies in chronological order:
A.   Pastoral; Agricultural, Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural
B.   Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Agricultural; Horticultural
C.   Hunter-gatherer; Pastoral; Horticultural; Agricultural
D.   Pastoral; Hunter-gatherer; Horticultural; Agricultural
Question #45
Ivanka Trump is the daughter of business mogul and former president Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______.
A.   Achieved status
B.   Ascribed status
C.   The looking-glass self
D.   The Thomas Theorem
Question #46
Which of the following is an example of role strain?
A.   Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive.
B.   Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham.
C.   Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of Molecular Biology to raise his two young children.
D.   Krista lands a role on Days of Our Lives and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.
Question #47
Charles Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that:
A.   Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image.
B.   Personal identity isn’t influenced by outside social forces.
C.   The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures.
D.   People base their images on how they think other people see them.
Question #48
Bobby came home from school crying because the other kids in his class were calling him stupid. His mother tried to console him, but he really started to believe that he was stupid. Charles Cooley would say that this is a classic example of _______.
A.   The looking-glass self
B.   Poor parenting
C.   The resocialization process
D.   A degradation ceremony
Question #49
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role?
A.   Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
B.   Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.
C.   Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey.”
D.   Letting Kim wear pants to school.
Question #50
Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o’clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o’clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o’clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition?
A.   Resocialization.
B.   A shift in her reading habits.
C.   A complete and permanent loss of herself.
D.   A shift in her desire to enjoy life.
Question #51
During the Medieval Age monks would lock themselves inside a monastery in order to devote their lives to prayer. A sociologist in the 21st century would look at this cultural phenomenon and label it:
A.   An incomplete institution
B.   A psychological phenomenon that is outside the realm of sociological study
C.   An excellent cross section of the population
D.   A total institution
Question #52
Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much and maintain the norms of their family history. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
A.   Feminist Theory
B.   Exchange Theory
C.   Conflict Theory
D.   Structural Functionalism
Question #53
Baby Marla is always well dressed. She has ribbons, bows, and frills all over her dresses and even in her hair. Her mother, who is worried that people might mistake Marla for a little boy, is determined to communicate to the world that she has a baby girl. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit?
A.   Exchange Theory
B.   Symbolic Interactionism
C.   Conflict
D.   Structural Functionalism
Question #54
What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?
A.   A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships.
B.   A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.
C.   A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.
D.   A primary group is small and impersonal; a secondary group is large and consists of face-to-face relationships.
Question #55
The United States Government is a form of:
A.   A bureaucracy
B.   A total institution
C.   A coercive organization
D.   A normative organization
Question #56
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a bureaucracy?
A.   Clear division of labor
B.   Impersonality
C.   Personality-based promotion
D.   Explicit rules
Question #57
In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?
A.   Democratic
B.   Oligarchy
C.   Laissez-faire
D.   Authoritarian
Question #58
The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:
A.   A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.
B.   The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation.
C.   A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely.
D.   The authoritarian devalue of an employee .
Question #59
Some believe that religion is important because it provides social norms and answers to difficult questions about life and the meaning of life.  Which social theory does this represent?
A.   A conflict theorist
B.   A structural functionalist
C.   A symbolic interactionist
D.   A feminist
Question #60
A sociologist studying how religious beliefs can become so deeply rooted in people that they can hate people and discriminate against people of other religions probably is:
A.   A feminist
B.   A structural functionalist
C.   A conflict theorist
D.   A symbolic interactionist

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