An Iowa state statute requires amusement parks to maintain equipment in specific condition for the protection of patrons. Jack’s Fun Park fails to maintain its equipment. Keely, a patron, is injured. Jack’s has committed

Bette backs out of City Parking Garage, colliding with Dill’s car and thereby causing damage to the vehicle. Dill may recover the cost of repair if Bette failed to act as

Brady knows that the brakes on his car do not work, but he tells Celia, a potential buyer, that there are no problems with the car. On this assurance, Celia buys the car. On learning the truth, she may sue Brady for

Cook’s Pantry Appliances, a retail store, must use reasonable care on its premises to warn its patrons of

Hayley is injured in an incident precipitated by Isolde. Hayley files a tort action against Isolde, seeking to recover for the damage suffered. Damages that are intended to compensate or reimburse a plaintiff for actual losses are

In advertising circulars, Lo-Price Autos falsely accuses Hi-Value Vehicles, a competitor, of selling stolen cars. Hi-Value’s sales decrease. Lo-Price has most likely committed

Jackie, an accountant, distributes a handbill to her business clients and potential customers accusing her competitor Ked of being a convicted thief. The statement is defamatory if

Jayne develops a new color of lipstick. To market her lipstick, Jayne uses a computer design program to show a famous model using Jayne’s lipstick. Jayne does not ask the model’s permission. The model can sue Jayne for

Jenny Lee is an appliance salesperson. To make a sale, she asserts that a certain model of a Kitchen Helper refrigerator is the “best one ever made.” This is

Liu enters Mountain Triathlon, an athletic competition in which Liu has never competed. Regarding the risk of injury, Liu assumes the risks

Luella trespasses on Merchandise Mart’s property. Through the use of reasonable force, Merchandise Mart’s security guard Norris detains Luella until the police arrive. Merchandise Mart is liable for

Oakes enters Parnell’s property to read an electric meter. Parnell asks Oakes to leave. Oakes refuses. Oakes has most likely committed

OK Dry-Cleaning advertises so effectively that the regular customers of its competitor Purity Cleaners patronize OK instead of Purity. This is

Oliver slips and falls on Port Harbor’s Tour Boat and is injured. Oliver files a suit against Port Harbor for $500,000. If Oliver is 20 percent at fault and Port Harbor is 80 percent, under the “50 percent rule” comparative negligence principles, Oliver would recover

Precision Crafted Tools, Inc., makes tools for consumers and construction professionals. While using a Precision Crafted tool to replace an electrical fixture, Quinn neglects to shut off the power and is electrocuted. Quinn’s heirs file a suit against Precision Crafted. In a contributory negligence jurisdiction, the plaintiffs could recover

Rafi, a van driver for Speedy Delivery Company, causes a multi-vehicle accident on a city street. Rafi and Speedy are liable to

Failure to live up to a standard of care may be an act or an omission.

Judges use proximate cause to limit the scope of a defendant’s liability to a subset of the total number of potential plaintiffs that might have been harmed by the defendant’s negligence.

Negligence per se may occur if an individual violates a statute or an ordinance providing for a criminal penalty and the violation causes another to be injured.

The duty to exercise reasonable care requires storeowners to warn business invitees of all risks.

The tort of trespass to land is designed to protect the right of an owner to exclusive possession.

There are three broad classifications of torts: intentional torts, unintentional torts, and accidental torts.

Under the doctrine of comparative negligence, only the plaintiff’s negligence is computed and the liability for damages is distributed accordingly.