Sociology 1 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » Exam 3
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Question #1
What term do sociologists use to refer to a large group of people who rank closely together in property, power, and prestige?
A.
social aggregate
B.
social cliche
C.
social class
D.
social group
Question #2
What are the three main components of the social stratification system?
A.
education, occupation, and rank
B.
gender, race, and age
C.
power, authority, and coercion
D.
wealth (property and income), power, and prestige
Question #3
In terms of the relationship between physical health and social class, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A.
Social class only has a direct relationship between physical health among minorities.
B.
With an increase in social class and there is often a decrease physical health due to stressors experienced with upward social mobility.
C.
There is no observable relationship between social class and physical health.
D.
The increase in social class is likely to result in an increase in health; a decrease in social class is likely to result in a decrease in health.
Question #4
Which explanation of poverty (main cause of povety) do sociologists generally support?
A.
Sociologists support the social structure explanation over the characteristics of the individual as the main cause of poverty.
B.
Neither the social structural nor personal characteristics explanation find much support among sociologists as the cause of poverty.
C.
Sociologists support the characteristics of the individual over the social structure explanation as the main cause of poverty.
D.
Sociologists equally accept the social structure and characteristics of the individual explanations.
Question #5
What is the trend in U.S. society whereby poor families have become increasingly headed by women?
A.
the feminization of poverty
B.
the sexualization of society
C.
the theory of global genderization
D.
the patriarchal society
Question #6
Which of the following was not noted as a consequence of social class?
A.
work ethic
B.
education
C.
physical health
D.
mental health
Question #7
Who was the author who wrote about mythical rags-to-riches boy heroes and their amazing success stories?
A.
Mark Twain
B.
Horatio Alger
C.
Johnny Appleseed
D.
James Fenimore Cooper
Question #8
According to the data presented on wealth and social class _______________________.
A.
meritocracy results in more equality in our society.
B.
the income gap between the upper class and the other social classes as decreased since 1980.
C.
the power elite are not in control in democratic societies.
D.
the income gap between the upper class and the other social classes has continued to widen since 1980.
Question #9
Official poverty ________________, while relative poverty _______________________.
A.
indicates the cycle of poverty; indicates the culture of poverty.
B.
refers to the standard of living and those who do not have their basic needs satisfied; refers to the poverty line set by the government.
C.
refers to the poverty line set by the government; refers to the the standard of living and those who do not have their basic needs satisfied.
D.
refers to those in poverty in third world countries; refers to those in poverty in the United States and in other industrialized nations.
Question #10
Global stratification data shows that ______________.
A.
all of these
B.
much of the world's population lacks access to fresh water, sanitation, shelter, and education.
C.
racial miniorities, women, and children are more likely to live in poverty worldwide.
D.
women represent approximately 60 percent of the population but own less than 1 percent of the world's wealth.
Question #11
According to class lecture which plays a major role in our health?
A.
all of these play a major role
B.
social class
C.
gender
D.
culture
Question #12
Margaret is living in relative poverty and does not have health insurance coverage. When she is sick she is not able to seek medical care. She believes that the commodification of health has created a large number of problems within the United States. Which sociological perspective describes Margaret's situation?
A.
conflict theory
B.
feminist
C.
symbolic interactionist
D.
functionalist
Question #13
Which of the following is correct about the poor?
A.
They are more likely to have heart disease.
B.
There are higher infant mortality rates among the poor often due to a lack of prenatal care and use of substances or smoking.
C.
all of these
D.
The poor are more likely to be obese due to the foods they eat and the lack of physical activity.
Question #14
Which of the following is not correct about Barbara Ehrenreich's research titled, "Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America"?
A.
The research method utilized was participant observation as she wanted to live as a low-wage worker for a period of time.
B.
She found that she couldn't hold down two jobs but that she could not make ends meet on only one job.
C.
Living on low-wage work was more prosperious than living on welfare.
D.
She wanted to see if it was possible to make a living working in the type of jobs available to unskilled, low-wage individuals.
Question #15
What is the goal of environmental sociology?
A.
To stop pollution and discourage the use of nuclear power.
B.
To be activists to establish a cleaner environment.
C.
To understand the interrelationship between individuals, society, and the environment.
D.
To recruit members for green parties.
Question #16
Most of the leading climate scientists agree that climate change and global warming is mainly due to _______________________.
A.
human activity
B.
glacier meltdowns in the Arctic and Antarctica
C.
a shift in the earth's axis
D.
a decrease in the distance between the earth and sun
Question #17
The video clip on the environment and Chester, PA, was an example of
A.
the use of fossil fuels.
B.
both environmental injustice and a social movement.
C.
environmental injustice.
D.
a social movement.
Question #18
Thousands of people have banded together to protest drunk driving, to bring public attention to the deaths and property damage it causes, and to encourage legislators to pass more severe laws directed against drunk drivers. What term describes such a combination of people banding together to create change in society?
A.
a citizens' revolt
B.
a public systems analysis
C.
a social movement
D.
a political action committee
Question #19
Over the past several years there has been a worldwide women's movement that seeks to end patriarchy and advance the concept of feminism all over the world. What classification best applies to this social movement?
A.
alterative social movement
B.
millenarian social movement
C.
transnational social movement
D.
reactive social movement
Question #20
Which of the following is not one of the stages of a social movement?
A.
institutionalization, when the movement begins to develop a form of bureaucracy
B.
resource mobilization
C.
contacting lobbyists
D.
organizing the division of labor among those involved in the social movement
Question #21
Which of the follow is was not noted in the material on the environment and Environmental Sociology?
A.
The interest in environmental problems has decreased in the last fifteen years.
B.
There has been an increase in attention to environmental problem by policy makers, scientists, and the media since the late 1980s.
C.
There has been a widespread recognition that human activities are causing the quality of the environment to deteriorate and that this deterioration is causing negative affects on people.
D.
Environmental sociology has become a practical area of specialization.
Question #22
Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa’s hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of:
A.
A meritocracy
B.
A closed stratification system
C.
A democracy
D.
A caste system
Question #23
Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under:
A.
An oligarchy
B.
A caste system
C.
A dictatorship
D.
A meritocracy
Question #24
With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State’s wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?
A.
1/16
B.
1/3
C.
1/8
D.
1/4
Question #25
In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________.
A.
Horizontal mobility
B.
Social stratification
C.
Downward mobility
D.
Social inconsistency
Question #26
The Davis-Moore Thesis states:
A.
That economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.
B.
That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.
C.
That people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.
D.
That Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.
Question #27
What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility?
A.
How many jobs you work.
B.
How much you spend on your personal appearance.
C.
How much education you have.
D.
How well off your parents are.
Question #28
Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called:
A.
Credit card consumerism
B.
Popular consumerism
C.
Designer consumerism
D.
Conspicuous consumption
Question #29
Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies?
A.
The amount of people in each class has been about the same for the past 10 years.
B.
Upper Class
C.
Middle Class
D.
Lower Class
Question #30
88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.
A.
Subjective poverty
B.
Marginal poverty
C.
Relative poverty
D.
Absolute poverty
Question #31
Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?
A.
Lack of education
B.
Massive credit card debt
C.
Excellent healthcare
D.
Home foreclosures
Question #32
How did Max Weber define power?
A.
Politically elected influence used to control the masses.
B.
The ability to exercise one’s will over others
C.
The authority to imprison citizens without cause.
D.
The legal resources to prosecute and punish.
Question #33
Juan believes that battles such as the French Revolution are necessary for a country to preserve liberty, to maintain or gain land, and will ultimately lead to a more even distribution of wealth among a population. From which sociological perspective do Juan’s thoughts come from?
A.
Symbolic interactionism
B.
Conflict theory
C.
Functionalism
D.
Feminist
Question #34
What is representative democracy?
A.
A form of government in which a small percentage of the population is represented by popular election, and the rest of the population is represented by those whose office is dependent upon noble birth.
B.
A form of goverment in which power is held by a small, elite group.
C.
A government of a nation that recognizes monarchs but requires these figures to abide by the laws of a greater consitution.
D.
A government wherein citizens elect officials to represent their interests.
Question #35
Which sociological perspective would consider activism such as Occupy Wall Street and Teacher’s Union rallies undesirable, because they cause disequalibrium in society and political change?
A.
Feminist
B.
Functionalism
C.
Symbolic interactionism
D.
Conflict theory
Question #36
In recent decades, lobbying has become a powerful force in the political world. Lobbyists frequently meet behind closed doors to negotiate deals with senators, lawmakers, and congressmen and congresswomen and form relationships with those in political positions in order to push influential legislation through the congressional process. Which sociological perspective would best describe the lobbying process?
A.
Feminist perspective
B.
Symbolic interactionism
C.
Strain theory
D.
Social Learning Theory
Question #37
A.
The Agricultural Revolution; Industrial Revolution
B.
Hunting and Gathering society; The Agricultural Revolution
C.
The Industrial Revolution; Post Industrial Revolution and Information Age
D.
Post-Industrial Revolution; Information Age
Question #38
By 2009, America had suffered several consecutive quarters of economic decline. America was in the midst of a:
A.
Recession
B.
Capital rebuttal
C.
Depression
D.
Economic sling-shot recovery
Question #39
Jin is a conflict theorist sociologist. Which of the following statements about Occupy Wall Street would most align with Jin’s sociological perspective?
A.
Occupy Wall Street is positive; our capitalist economy is only making social inequality grow larger.
B.
Occupy Wall Street is dangerous; large crowds in these environments heighten the risk for sexual abuse and gender discrimination.
C.
Occupy Wall Street is a threat; with so many angry people gathered in one place, horrible violence will surely break out.
D.
Occupy Wall Street is a waste of time; our capitalistic economy is keeping our nation healthy, and is designed for maximum efficiency.
Question #40
Which of the following best defines the term globalization?
A.
The process of removing manufacturing and industrial sites from foreign countries and returning them to the United States.
B.
The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.
C.
When products are assembled over the course of several international transactions.
D.
Long periods of recession followed by sharp economic upturn worldwide.
Question #41
Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi instead. This is an example of:
A.
Polarization
B.
Outsourcing
C.
The technology gap
D.
Automation
Question #42
Which of the following industries is not projected to experience growth within the United States within the next 10 years?
A.
Healthcare
B.
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
C.
Community and Social Service
D.
Financial
Question #43
Medical sociology is the systematic study of:
A.
The causes and distribution of diseases
B.
Doctor/Patient relationships among ill and healthy patients
C.
How humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and health care for both the sick and the healthy
D.
The rate at which social diseases spread amongst varying socioeconomic populations
Question #44
Which of the following is not a result of the commodification of health care?
A.
Poorer members of society experiencing illness caused by poor diet
B.
The wealthy having greater access to healthcare
C.
Spousal benefits being frequently denied to gay and lesbian couples
D.
HIV spreading across the United States at a rapid rate in the 1980’s
Question #45
What is one of the largest contributors to health problems in low-income countries?
A.
Sterilization
B.
Veganism
C.
Clean water access
D.
High caloric diets
Question #46
Which of the following best defines Medicare?
A.
A publicly funded health care program which provides services to people with very low incomes who meet other eligibility requirements
B.
A privately funded health care program which provides health services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability
C.
A publicly funded health care program which provides health services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability
D.
A privately funded health care program which provides services to people over 65 years old as well as people who meet other standards for disability
Question #47
Drake lives in Great Britain, where the British government owns and operates the country’s health care system. This is an example of ____:
A.
Private healthcare
B.
Individual mandates
C.
Limited healthcare
D.
Socialized medicine
Question #48
The United States healthcare system consists of:
A.
Socialized medicine
B.
Global healthcare
C.
Private insurance coverage only
D.
Public and private insurance coverage
Question #49
Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role, and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate?
A.
Feminist
B.
Symbolic interactionism
C.
Conflict theory
D.
Functionalism
Question #50
Dana’s lives in a country which guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country which uses:
A.
Globalization healthcare
B.
Optimization healthcare
C.
Universal healthcare
D.
Market-driven healthcare
Question #51
A sociologist is studying how the population of certain countries influences and affects the population and environment of other neighboring countries. This interdependent relationship between countries is best described by which perspective?
A.
Symbolic interactionism
B.
Feminist perspective
C.
Structural functionalism
D.
Conflict theory
Question #52
What is one way the people of the United States, and the world, are reaching and abusing the Earth’s carrying capacity?
A.
We have created parks and protected forested areas, sometimes in vain.
B.
We spend money ejecting trash into outer space.
C.
We eat animals when we should really only eat plants which are much more renewable.
D.
We show little concern about contaminating water with our garbage and waste.
Question #53
Why has e-waste become an issue, especially in the 21st century?
A.
E-waste is a sign of degrading cultural values. People no longer value creating lasting products or getting products fixed; they would much rather just buy a new one and discard the old one.
B.
E-waste is a natural by-product of an industrialized nation and cannot be helped. People must resign themselves to its presence and find better ways of purifying water, soil, and air.
C.
E-waste not only contains harmful chemicals, but electronics become obsolete every six months or so, which means, every six months people are throwing away perfectly good electronics in order to get the newest one. This has led to an enormous increase in the amount of trash people produce.
D.
E-waste is not easily recyclable because often in the same machine there is glass, plastic, and metal. Also e-waste tends to consist of big, heavy machinery that is difficult to dispose of properly.
Question #54
Josh sits in his kitchen in the city projects trying to sip his coffee while inhaling the nauseating fumes wafting from the town dump that was relocated to within a mile of his home. He desperately wishes he could move, but he works two jobs just to make ends meet for his family. Josh lives in the poorer part of town; the part that is greatly overlooked by local government officials. What might a sociologist call this phenomenon?
A.
urbanization
B.
white flight
C.
environmental racism
D.
gentrification
Question #55
The anti-drug campaign in the 1980’s encouraged students to “just say no” to put an end to drug use and drug violence. Which type of framing did this campaign use?
A.
Motivational
B.
Referential
C.
Diagnostic
D.
Prognostic
Question #56
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an animal rights group that has over 2 million members across the country and spends millions of dollars on advertising (print, broadcast and social media) in order to spread social awareness about their cause each year. Which theory attempts to explain PETA’s success?
A.
Collective behavior theory
B.
Resource mobilization theory
C.
Frame alignment process
D.
New social movement theory
Question #57
The National Organization for Marriage is a group which travels across the country, condemning homosexuality and advocating against new laws allowing gay marriage. What type of movement are they participating in?
A.
Revolutionary
B.
Reform
C.
Resistance
D.
Alternative
Question #58
The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) is a non-profit organization located in Washington, D.C. which advocates for equal rights and marriage rights of gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual citizens. The HRC is a ____ group:
A.
Reform
B.
Religious/Redemptive
C.
Revolutionary
D.
Alternative
Question #59
Which of the following is the best definition of social change?
A.
The change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations.
B.
A group of people gathered to protest or rally in favor of a bill or law.
C.
An act of military rebellion.
D.
An act of a bill passing in the House and the Senate.
Question #60
Which of the following best defines a social movement?
A.
All politicians and elected officials.
B.
A purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal.
C.
A group of people organized at a meeting, such as a town hall or a courtroom.
D.
A collection of rights and laws aimed at the silent majority.
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