Bio 2010 - Microbiology » Summer 2022 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
In lecture, we discussed several specific organisms and their available virulence factors. Which of the following is NOT a virulent factor available to Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis) when it invades human neurons?
A.
more than one of the above is correct
B.
none of these are correct
C.
flagellum
D.
capsule
E.
pore forming toxins
F.
pili
Question #2
Which of the following is an internal motile organelle that some bacteria like spirochetes use to propel themselves?
A.
plasma membrane
B.
axial filament
C.
fimbria
D.
pilum
Question #3
In comparison to vegetative cells, which of the following statements regarding endospores is FALSE?
A.
endospores are more resistant to temperature changes
B.
endospores are more likely to die in nutritionally poor conditions
C.
endospores are more resistant to staining
D.
endospores are more likely to survive treatment with disinfectants
Question #4
Which of the following BEST describes why bacterial attachment to host tissue cells is such a potentially serious, virulent factor?
A.
attachment increases endospore formation
B.
attachment increases parasitic damage to the host
C.
attachment increases motility
D.
attachment increases the exchange of genes
Question #5
Which of the following would be the BEST term describing bacteria living in salt marshes?
A.
halotolerant
B.
barophiles
C.
thermophiles
D.
acidophiles
Question #6
Which of the following would BEST explain why plasmids are considered virulent factors?
A.
they can cause antibiotic resistance
B.
more than one of the above is correct
C.
they are used in DNA exchange
D.
they are used in attachment
E.
none of these are correct
F.
they are used in motility
Question #7
When flagella are distributed all around a bacterial cell, the arrangement is called:
A.
peritrichous
B.
monotrichous
C.
lophotrichous
D.
monotrichous
Question #8
Which of the following are BOTH flagella and pili made of?
A.
lipids
B.
carbohydrates
C.
nucleic acids
D.
protein
Question #9
The presence of a bacterial capsule can help a bacterium that possesses it, in all of the following ways EXCEPT help it to:
A.
evade PAMPS activation
B.
move to a new location
C.
build biofilms
D.
damage host cells
E.
evade phagocytosis
Question #10
Which of the following is required in order to trigger endospore FORMATION?
A.
oxygen
B.
water
C.
nutrients
D.
starvation
Question #11
Bacteria do not always swim aimlessly but are attracted by such nutrients such as sugar and amino acids and are repelled by harmful substances and bacterial waste products. Movement toward chemical attractants and away from repellents is called:
A.
chemotaxis
B.
phototaxis
C.
gliding motility
D.
tumbling
Question #12
Margulisâ s work on Serial Endosymbiosis Theory (SET) was critically important because it demonstrated for the first time, that some eukaryotic organelles evolved directly from specific prokaryotes, becoming permanent cell fixtures over time. Which of the following organelles did Margulisâ s work suggest were once free-living bacteria?
A.
mitochondria
B.
more than one of the above is correct
C.
endoplasmic reticulum
D.
flagella
E.
chloroplasts
F.
nucleus
Question #13
Which of the following BEST describes one specific affect toxins have on their target host cells?
A.
cause target cells to function more efficiently
B.
none of these are correct
C.
punch holes in target cells
D.
more than one of the above is correct
E.
cause target cells to mutate
F.
cause target cells to cell divide
Question #14
Suppose that you made an anti-viral drug for SARS-COV2 that prevented it from attaching to the host cell receptor that it typically attaches to, called the ACE2 receptor. In terms of the virus' ability to replicate, which of the following BEST describes what your novel (new) anti-viral drug did to prevent infection?
A.
prevented the virus from entering the host cell
B.
none of these are correct
C.
more than one of the above is correct
D.
prevented the virus from attaching to the host cell
E.
prevented the virus from leaving the host cell
F.
destroyed the viral nucleic acid
Question #15
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: Microorganisms might be virulent (i.e., be capable of causing infectious diseases) because of:
A.
the presence of anatomical structures such as pili.
B.
the production of various enzymatic activities such as hemolysins and leucocidins
C.
all of these
D.
the production of exotoxins or endotoxins.
Question #16
Which of the following is slippery outer covering found in some bacteria that protects them from phagocytosis by host phagocytic cells?
A.
flagellum
B.
capsule
C.
cell wall
D.
peptidoglycan
Question #17
Suppose that you discover a new bacterium cell that has both capsule AND fimbriae. Which of the following general tasks would this organism perform the BEST?
A.
attaching
B.
dying
C.
moving
D.
reproducing
E.
floating
Question #18
An outbreak of sepsis (bacterial infection) caused by Staphylococcus aureus has occurred in the newborn nursery. You are called upon to investigate. According to your knowledge of the normal flora, which of the following is the most likely human source of the organism?
A.
colon
B.
throat
C.
hand
D.
nose
Question #19
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: The instrument that produces a dark image of the specimen against a bright background is called a(n) __________ microscope.
A.
phase-contrast
B.
transmission electron
C.
dark-field
D.
bright-field
E.
scanning electron
Question #20
In order to best visualize bacterial plasma membrane proteins, which of the following microscope techniques would you use?
A.
phase contrast microscopy
B.
immunofluoresnce
C.
differential Interference Contrast microscopy
D.
bright-field microscopy with staining
Question #21
The minimum distance that two objects may be separated and still be detected as two distinct particles, rather than a single particle is:
A.
the microscope's magnification.
B.
the microscope's clarity.
C.
the microscope's resolution.
D.
the minimum cell size of a cell.
Question #22
Which of the following has the highest radiation energy?
A.
radio wavelength
B.
light with a short wavelength
C.
light with a long wavelength
D.
light with an intermediate wavelength
Question #23
Which of the following is NOT a modification of a compound microscope?
A.
differential interference contrast microscope
B.
electron microscope
C.
darkfield microscope
D.
brightfield microscope
Question #24
Choose the answer that completes the following statement. Electrons have a shorter wavelength than light microscopes. As a result, microscopes using electrons as their energy source have___________ resolution.
A.
lower
B.
the same
C.
no relationship on
D.
higher
Question #25
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: In phase contrast microscopy, unlike other forms of microscope, the special optical system makes it possible to distinguish cells which differ slightly in their:
A.
light penetration
B.
diameter.
C.
size
D.
length.
Question #26
If you were given a specimen of an active, motile microorganism, which of the following types of microscopy would be the MOST EFFECTIVE in visualizing the live microbe?
A.
dark-field microscopy
B.
fluorescence microscopy
C.
phase-contrast microscopy
D.
scanning electron microscopy
E.
bright-field microscopy
Question #27
Which of the following is transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the BEST for viewing?
A.
internal structure of fixed cells.
B.
surface membranes of live, living cells.
C.
surface structure of fixed cells.
D.
internal structure of live, living cells.
Question #28
Which of the following is the MOST suitable temperature range for mesophilic bacteria?
A.
20-30°C
B.
>40°C
C.
None of these
D.
25-40°C
Question #29
Which of the following environments would be BEST at harboring psychrophiles?
A.
contaminated plates left in a 35 °C incubator
B.
yogurt cultured at room temperature
C.
salt pond in the desert with a daytime temperature of 34 °C
D.
mountain lake with a water temperature of 12 °C
Question #30
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. Which of the following terms BEST describes its relationship with oxygen?
A.
an obligate anaerobe
B.
an aerotolerant anaerobe
C.
a facultative anaerobe
D.
an obligate aerobe
Question #31
A soup container was forgotten in the refrigerator and shows contamination. Which of the following BEST describes the contaminating bacteria in the soup?
A.
acidophiles
B.
thermophiles
C.
mesophiles
D.
psychrotrophs
Question #32
Which of the following pairs of growth terms and their corresponding temperatures are MISMATCHED?
A.
psychrophile â growth at 15°C
B.
thermophile â growth at 50°C
C.
mesophile â growth at 0°C
D.
hyperthermophiles â growth at 85°C
Question #33
An aquatic microbe that can grow only at the surface of the water is probably which of the following?
A.
a chemotroph
B.
a phototroph
C.
a chemoheterotroph
D.
a heterotroph
Question #34
Which of the following statements BEST describes an individual that is experiencing the convalescent phase of a typical infectious disease?
A.
none of these are correct
B.
An individual that is suffering maximum host cell damage and is manifesting clear and distinct symptoms of the particular disease.
C.
An individual that has survived the acute phase of the disease because of an effective immune system and/or because of effective treatment.
D.
An individual that has been exposed to an infectious microorganism and the microorganism is replicating, but microorganism numbers have not yet reached levels necessary to produce visible symptoms.
Question #35
Which of the following BEST describes an organism that has an optimal growth rate when the hydrogen ion concentrations are VERY HIGH?
A.
aerotolerant anaerobe
B.
neutrophile
C.
acidophile
D.
osmotolerant
Question #36
Which of the following include functions of BOTH pili and fimbriae?
A.
bacterial motility.
B.
adherence to certain surfaces.
C.
bacterial conjugation.
D.
two of the choices are correct only
E.
all of these are correct
F.
none of these are correct
Question #37
The water in Lake Natron in Tanzania water has pH is close to 10. Which of the following terms BEST describes bacteria isolated from Lake Natron?
A.
facultative anaerobes
B.
obligate anaerobes
C.
neutrophiles
D.
alkaliphiles
Question #38
Why is the exponential phase of growth curve of bacteria limited in its duration?
A.
due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites
B.
none of these are correct
C.
due to the rise in cell density
D.
more than one of the above is correct
E.
due to the exhaustion of nutrients
Question #39
Which of the following describes the portion of the growth curve where rapid growth of bacteria is observed?
A.
decline phase
B.
lag phase
C.
stationary phase
D.
exponential or logarithmic phase
Question #40
In our lab, we have an organism that is COMPLETELY dependent on atmospheric oxygen for growth. Which of the following terms BEST describes this organism?
A.
obligate aerobe.
B.
osmotolerant.
C.
facultative anaerobe
D.
aerotolerant anaerobe.
E.
acidophile.
Question #41
Which of the following is the BEST reason why psychrophilic bacteria will not grow in hyperthermophilic environments?
A.
they lack the correct salt concentration
B.
they lack the correct nucleus
C.
they lack the correct atmospheric pressure
D.
they lack the correct pH
E.
they lack the correct enzymes
Question #42
Which of the following is the BEST definition of optimal temperature?
A.
the temperature that allows it to grow with the shortest generation time
B.
the temperature that is near one extreme of its range of tolerated temperatures
C.
the temperature that has the highest cell growth and highest enzymatic activity
D.
the temperature that has the longest time between cell divisions
Question #43
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: Bacterial endospores function is:
A.
protein synthesis
B.
survival
C.
reproduction
D.
storage
Question #44
You and a friend are enjoying a hotdog with sauerkraut. You tell your friend, "you know sauerkraut is cabbage that is fermented by acidophilic bacteria". She looks at you confused, "acidophilic, what is that?" Which of the following would you tell her about these organisms?
A.
that they grow well at low oxygen
B.
that they grow well at low oxygen
C.
that they grow well at high pressure
D.
that they grow well at high pH
E.
that they grow well at low pH
Question #45
In which environment are you most likely to encounter acidophiles?
A.
a hot vent at pH 1.5
B.
milk at pH 6.5
C.
human intestine at pH 8.5
D.
human blood at pH 7.2
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