Bio 2010 - Microbiology » Summer 2022 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
In lecture, we discussed several specific organisms and their available virulence factors. Which of the following is NOT a virulent factor available to Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis) when it invades human neurons?
A.
pore forming toxins
B.
pili
C.
capsule
D.
more than one of the above is correct
E.
none of these are correct
F.
flagellum
Question #2
Which of the following is an internal motile organelle that some bacteria like spirochetes use to propel themselves?
A.
fimbria
B.
plasma membrane
C.
axial filament
D.
pilum
Question #3
In comparison to vegetative cells, which of the following statements regarding endospores is FALSE?
A.
endospores are more resistant to staining
B.
endospores are more likely to survive treatment with disinfectants
C.
endospores are more likely to die in nutritionally poor conditions
D.
endospores are more resistant to temperature changes
Question #4
Which of the following BEST describes why bacterial attachment to host tissue cells is such a potentially serious, virulent factor?
A.
attachment increases the exchange of genes
B.
attachment increases parasitic damage to the host
C.
attachment increases endospore formation
D.
attachment increases motility
Question #5
Which of the following would be the BEST term describing bacteria living in salt marshes?
A.
acidophiles
B.
thermophiles
C.
halotolerant
D.
barophiles
Question #6
Which of the following would BEST explain why plasmids are considered virulent factors?
A.
they are used in motility
B.
they are used in DNA exchange
C.
none of these are correct
D.
they can cause antibiotic resistance
E.
they are used in attachment
F.
more than one of the above is correct
Question #7
When flagella are distributed all around a bacterial cell, the arrangement is called:
A.
peritrichous
B.
monotrichous
C.
monotrichous
D.
lophotrichous
Question #8
Which of the following are BOTH flagella and pili made of?
A.
nucleic acids
B.
protein
C.
lipids
D.
carbohydrates
Question #9
The presence of a bacterial capsule can help a bacterium that possesses it, in all of the following ways EXCEPT help it to:
A.
move to a new location
B.
evade PAMPS activation
C.
build biofilms
D.
damage host cells
E.
evade phagocytosis
Question #10
Which of the following is required in order to trigger endospore FORMATION?
A.
oxygen
B.
water
C.
starvation
D.
nutrients
Question #11
Bacteria do not always swim aimlessly but are attracted by such nutrients such as sugar and amino acids and are repelled by harmful substances and bacterial waste products. Movement toward chemical attractants and away from repellents is called:
A.
phototaxis
B.
tumbling
C.
chemotaxis
D.
gliding motility
Question #12
Margulisâ s work on Serial Endosymbiosis Theory (SET) was critically important because it demonstrated for the first time, that some eukaryotic organelles evolved directly from specific prokaryotes, becoming permanent cell fixtures over time. Which of the following organelles did Margulisâ s work suggest were once free-living bacteria?
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
mitochondria
C.
more than one of the above is correct
D.
chloroplasts
E.
nucleus
F.
flagella
Question #13
Which of the following BEST describes one specific affect toxins have on their target host cells?
A.
none of these are correct
B.
cause target cells to mutate
C.
cause target cells to function more efficiently
D.
cause target cells to cell divide
E.
more than one of the above is correct
F.
punch holes in target cells
Question #14
Suppose that you made an anti-viral drug for SARS-COV2 that prevented it from attaching to the host cell receptor that it typically attaches to, called the ACE2 receptor. In terms of the virus' ability to replicate, which of the following BEST describes what your novel (new) anti-viral drug did to prevent infection?
A.
prevented the virus from leaving the host cell
B.
prevented the virus from attaching to the host cell
C.
more than one of the above is correct
D.
destroyed the viral nucleic acid
E.
none of these are correct
F.
prevented the virus from entering the host cell
Question #15
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: Microorganisms might be virulent (i.e., be capable of causing infectious diseases) because of:
A.
the production of various enzymatic activities such as hemolysins and leucocidins
B.
the presence of anatomical structures such as pili.
C.
all of these
D.
the production of exotoxins or endotoxins.
Question #16
Which of the following is slippery outer covering found in some bacteria that protects them from phagocytosis by host phagocytic cells?
A.
cell wall
B.
capsule
C.
flagellum
D.
peptidoglycan
Question #17
Suppose that you discover a new bacterium cell that has both capsule AND fimbriae. Which of the following general tasks would this organism perform the BEST?
A.
dying
B.
attaching
C.
reproducing
D.
floating
E.
moving
Question #18
An outbreak of sepsis (bacterial infection) caused by Staphylococcus aureus has occurred in the newborn nursery. You are called upon to investigate. According to your knowledge of the normal flora, which of the following is the most likely human source of the organism?
A.
nose
B.
colon
C.
hand
D.
throat
Question #19
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: The instrument that produces a dark image of the specimen against a bright background is called a(n) __________ microscope.
A.
transmission electron
B.
bright-field
C.
dark-field
D.
scanning electron
E.
phase-contrast
Question #20
In order to best visualize bacterial plasma membrane proteins, which of the following microscope techniques would you use?
A.
differential Interference Contrast microscopy
B.
immunofluoresnce
C.
phase contrast microscopy
D.
bright-field microscopy with staining
Question #21
The minimum distance that two objects may be separated and still be detected as two distinct particles, rather than a single particle is:
A.
the microscope's magnification.
B.
the microscope's resolution.
C.
the minimum cell size of a cell.
D.
the microscope's clarity.
Question #22
Which of the following has the highest radiation energy?
A.
light with an intermediate wavelength
B.
radio wavelength
C.
light with a long wavelength
D.
light with a short wavelength
Question #23
Which of the following is NOT a modification of a compound microscope?
A.
differential interference contrast microscope
B.
darkfield microscope
C.
brightfield microscope
D.
electron microscope
Question #24
Choose the answer that completes the following statement. Electrons have a shorter wavelength than light microscopes. As a result, microscopes using electrons as their energy source have___________ resolution.
A.
no relationship on
B.
lower
C.
higher
D.
the same
Question #25
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: In phase contrast microscopy, unlike other forms of microscope, the special optical system makes it possible to distinguish cells which differ slightly in their:
A.
size
B.
length.
C.
diameter.
D.
light penetration
Question #26
If you were given a specimen of an active, motile microorganism, which of the following types of microscopy would be the MOST EFFECTIVE in visualizing the live microbe?
A.
dark-field microscopy
B.
phase-contrast microscopy
C.
bright-field microscopy
D.
fluorescence microscopy
E.
scanning electron microscopy
Question #27
Which of the following is transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the BEST for viewing?
A.
surface membranes of live, living cells.
B.
surface structure of fixed cells.
C.
internal structure of live, living cells.
D.
internal structure of fixed cells.
Question #28
Which of the following is the MOST suitable temperature range for mesophilic bacteria?
A.
20-30°C
B.
None of these
C.
>40°C
D.
25-40°C
Question #29
Which of the following environments would be BEST at harboring psychrophiles?
A.
salt pond in the desert with a daytime temperature of 34 °C
B.
contaminated plates left in a 35 °C incubator
C.
yogurt cultured at room temperature
D.
mountain lake with a water temperature of 12 °C
Question #30
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. Which of the following terms BEST describes its relationship with oxygen?
A.
an aerotolerant anaerobe
B.
a facultative anaerobe
C.
an obligate anaerobe
D.
an obligate aerobe
Question #31
A soup container was forgotten in the refrigerator and shows contamination. Which of the following BEST describes the contaminating bacteria in the soup?
A.
acidophiles
B.
psychrotrophs
C.
thermophiles
D.
mesophiles
Question #32
Which of the following pairs of growth terms and their corresponding temperatures are MISMATCHED?
A.
thermophile â growth at 50°C
B.
mesophile â growth at 0°C
C.
psychrophile â growth at 15°C
D.
hyperthermophiles â growth at 85°C
Question #33
An aquatic microbe that can grow only at the surface of the water is probably which of the following?
A.
a phototroph
B.
a chemoheterotroph
C.
a chemotroph
D.
a heterotroph
Question #34
Which of the following statements BEST describes an individual that is experiencing the convalescent phase of a typical infectious disease?
A.
An individual that is suffering maximum host cell damage and is manifesting clear and distinct symptoms of the particular disease.
B.
An individual that has been exposed to an infectious microorganism and the microorganism is replicating, but microorganism numbers have not yet reached levels necessary to produce visible symptoms.
C.
An individual that has survived the acute phase of the disease because of an effective immune system and/or because of effective treatment.
D.
none of these are correct
Question #35
Which of the following BEST describes an organism that has an optimal growth rate when the hydrogen ion concentrations are VERY HIGH?
A.
neutrophile
B.
acidophile
C.
osmotolerant
D.
aerotolerant anaerobe
Question #36
Which of the following include functions of BOTH pili and fimbriae?
A.
adherence to certain surfaces.
B.
two of the choices are correct only
C.
bacterial motility.
D.
all of these are correct
E.
none of these are correct
F.
bacterial conjugation.
Question #37
A.
neutrophiles
B.
obligate anaerobes
C.
facultative anaerobes
D.
alkaliphiles
Question #38
Why is the exponential phase of growth curve of bacteria limited in its duration?
A.
due to the accumulation of toxic metabolites
B.
due to the rise in cell density
C.
more than one of the above is correct
D.
due to the exhaustion of nutrients
E.
none of these are correct
Question #39
Which of the following describes the portion of the growth curve where rapid growth of bacteria is observed?
A.
exponential or logarithmic phase
B.
lag phase
C.
decline phase
D.
stationary phase
Question #40
In our lab, we have an organism that is COMPLETELY dependent on atmospheric oxygen for growth. Which of the following terms BEST describes this organism?
A.
acidophile.
B.
osmotolerant.
C.
facultative anaerobe
D.
obligate aerobe.
E.
aerotolerant anaerobe.
Question #41
Which of the following is the BEST reason why psychrophilic bacteria will not grow in hyperthermophilic environments?
A.
they lack the correct pH
B.
they lack the correct salt concentration
C.
they lack the correct enzymes
D.
they lack the correct atmospheric pressure
E.
they lack the correct nucleus
Question #42
Which of the following is the BEST definition of optimal temperature?
A.
the temperature that allows it to grow with the shortest generation time
B.
the temperature that has the highest cell growth and highest enzymatic activity
C.
the temperature that has the longest time between cell divisions
D.
the temperature that is near one extreme of its range of tolerated temperatures
Question #43
Choose the among the answer choices below the pair that BEST completes the following statement: Bacterial endospores function is:
A.
reproduction
B.
protein synthesis
C.
survival
D.
storage
Question #44
You and a friend are enjoying a hotdog with sauerkraut. You tell your friend, "you know sauerkraut is cabbage that is fermented by acidophilic bacteria". She looks at you confused, "acidophilic, what is that?" Which of the following would you tell her about these organisms?
A.
that they grow well at low pH
B.
that they grow well at low oxygen
C.
that they grow well at low oxygen
D.
that they grow well at high pH
E.
that they grow well at high pressure
Question #45
In which environment are you most likely to encounter acidophiles?
A.
milk at pH 6.5
B.
human intestine at pH 8.5
C.
a hot vent at pH 1.5
D.
human blood at pH 7.2
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