Sociology 001 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » First Exam

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Question #1
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was?
A.   Herbert Spencer
B.   C. Wright Mills
C.   Emille Durkheim
D.   Talcott Parsons
Question #2
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
A.   government; economics
B.   religion; education
C.   education; political stability
D.   economics; religion
Question #3
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.
A.   applied sociologist; functionalist
B.   functionalist; conflict theorist
C.   symbolic interactionist; functionalist
D.   basic sociologist; applied sociologist
Question #4
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
A.   conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists
B.   symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
C.   conflict theorists and structural functionalists
D.   symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
Question #5
Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
A.   symbolic interactionism and the conflict perspective
B.   structural functionalism and the conflict perspective
C.   No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.
D.   symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism
Question #6
According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires
A.   an understanding of who may have benefited from the change
B.   a macroanalytical focus of the extent and duration of the change
C.   a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
D.   an understanding of who may have been victimized by the change
Question #7
In his study of suicide, Emile Durkheim, was primarily concerned with
A.   the location of the suicide.
B.   the means people used to take their own life.
C.   suicide rates and how they varied from country to country.
D.   personalities of individual suicide victims.
Question #8
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
A.   bourgeoisie; proletariat
B.   civilized; barbarians
C.   nobles; peasants
D.   upper class; lower class
Question #9
Which of the following would not be a macro approach to research?
A.   the military
B.   race relations
C.   doctor-patient relationships
D.   multinational corporations
Question #10
Which of the following statements is the best example of a hypothesis?
A.   "Unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than employed men."
B.   "A penny saved is a penny earned."
C.   "More than 300 million people live in the United States."
D.   "All men are created equal."
Question #11
A disadvantage of the interview format is that:
A.   it does not permit follow-up questions
B.   the questionnaire is less likely to be completed than with a mail survey
C.   the subject’s answers cannot be clarified
D.   the researcher may inadvertently influence the subject
Question #12
What characteristic of random sampling ensures representativeness?
A.   Everyone has an equal chance of being selected.
B.   Underrepresented elements are ignored.
C.   Few groups are represented in the sample.
D.   No chances are equal.
Question #13
The universe of people who have the characteristics that a researcher wants to study is the:
A.   population
B.   sample
C.   elements
D.   case
Question #14
The feeling of trust that researchers establish with their respondents is referred to as ________.
A.   empathy
B.   commitment
C.   rapport
D.   confidentiality
Question #15
When subjects of research differ from their typical behavior because they realize that they are under observation, it is known as
A.   the Hawthorne Effect
B.   a statistical error
C.   a spurious effect
D.   cross tabulation
Question #16
There is a high correlation between the number of Americans who pay income tax in the month of April and the number of swimsuits sold. Which of the following statements is the best description of this relationship?
A.   It is classified as a null hypothesis.
B.   It is a spurious relationship.
C.   It is an indirect relationship.
D.   It is a cause-and-effect relationship.
Question #17
Which of the following is not considered secondary data?
A.   Data from previous studies.
B.   Participation in an experiment.
C.   Data from the U.S. Census Bureau
D.   Crime statistics
Question #18
Using language, personal names or even jokes are examples of
A.   cultural universals.
B.   sanctions.
C.   normative violations.
D.   subcultures.
Question #19
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe
A.   expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
B.   standards by which people define what is socially desirable
C.   ideas about what is true or false
D.   expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior
Question #20
All of the following statements are examples of countercultures, EXCEPT for which one?
A.   Chicago Cubs fans
B.   individuals advocating the legalization of prostitution
C.   bikers in an outlaw motorcycle club
D.   gang members operating in the San Quentin prison
Question #21
India is one of a number of societies where arranged marriages have been common but are now experiencing a growing number of people who see "love" marriages as a better option. The practice of Indians looking negatively at such long-held traditions in their culture is known as:
A.   ethnocentrism
B.   cultural relativism
C.   xenocentrism
D.   non-material culture
Question #22
On the first day of a summer school class, you walk into your classroom and discover that the teacher is sitting on the floor, playing a guitar, and wearing a tuxedo. This behavior violates
A.   laws
B.   folkways
C.   mores
D.   sanctions
Question #23
Without language, human culture would
A.   be little more advanced than lower primates
B.   focus more on plans and actions instead of talk
C.   live in the past and have no concept of the future
D.   have to become totally dependent upon memory
Question #24
While vacationing in Great Britain, you discover that the British drive on the “wrong” side of the road, speak an “absurd” accent, and use a “silly-looking” currency. Your attitudes are an expression of
A.   cultural relativism
B.   ethnocentrism
C.   xenocentrism
D.   value contradictions
Question #25
A position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking Army officer, a college president, or a handicapped Olympian, would be considered that person’s ________.
A.   status set
B.   ascribed status
C.   social status
D.   master status
Question #26
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.   that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
B.   maximum objectivity and consistency
C.   that any hypothesis will be confirmed
D.   than any perspective has merit.
Question #27
Norms are
A.   collective conceptions of what is considered good or bad, desirable or undesirable, and proper or improper in a culture
B.   specialized language used by members of a subculture
C.   beliefs about the existence of a supreme being
D.   established standards of behavior maintained by a society
Question #28
Which of the following in not an example of a sanction?
A.   Speeding ticket
B.   Capital punishment
C.   Violating traffic laws
D.   Getting an A on the final
Question #29
Which of the societal types did the introduction of power driven machinery take place?
A.   hunting and gathering
B.   agricultural
C.   industrial
D.   feudal
Question #30
According to Max Weber, what was critical in the development of capitalism?
A.   The Protestant Work Ethnic
B.   Ending feudalism
C.   The development of sociology as a scientific discipline.
D.   Ending socialism.
Question #31
Which of the following represents an achieved status?
A.   knowing your particular ethnic descent
B.   having a prescribed sex (male or female)
C.   being a high school drop-out
D.   acting like your mother when she was your age
Question #32
Which of the following is not an ascribed master status?
A.   gender
B.   race
C.   age
D.   lawyer
Question #33
The idea of sociologists being encouraged to keep their personal biases out of their sociological work is referred to as _______ and was developed by _______?
A.   mechanical solidarity/Emile Durkheim
B.   the sociological imagination/C. Wright Mills
C.   value-free sociology/Max Weber
D.   class conflict/Karl Marx
Question #34
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.   that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
B.   maximum objectivity and consistency
C.   really, nothing at all.
D.   that any hypothesis will be confirmed
Question #35
Which early social philosopher feared that France’s stability had been permanently impaired by the excesses of the French revolution, and hoped that the systematic study of social behavior would eventually lead to more rational human interactions, and furthermore, is considered the founder of sociology.
A.   Karl Marx
B.   Herbart Spencer
C.   Aguste Comte
D.   Harriet Martineau
Question #36
Sandra feel that her close friends see her as being unattractive: consequently, she internalizes that view and uses a heavy dose of makeup whenever she goes outside. This internalization and her reaction to it is known as:
A.   self-hatred
B.   Unfair labeling
C.   The Game Stage
D.   The Looking-Glass Self
Question #37
  
A.   A student is expected to take exams in two different classes on the same day.
B.   Being a close friend of your boss.
C.   A student is assigned to work extra holiday hours that conflict with her class schedule.
D.   A surgeon is operating on her own daughter.
Question #38
Which of the following is not associated with the development of the functionalist perspective?
A.   Emile Durkheim
B.   Robert Merton
C.   Karl Marx and W.E.B. DuBois
D.   Charles H Cooley
Question #39
Cultural relativism can be a:
A.   symbol
B.   partial cure for ethnocentrism
C.   cultural universal
D.   material object
Question #40
During finals week, many students will experience ______ ______ because of working full-time jobs and having several classes.
A.   role strain
B.   role consensus
C.   role conflict
D.   role ambiguity

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