Sociology 001 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » First Exam

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Question #1
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was?
A.   C. Wright Mills
B.   Talcott Parsons
C.   Herbert Spencer
D.   Emille Durkheim
Question #2
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
A.   education; political stability
B.   government; economics
C.   religion; education
D.   economics; religion
Question #3
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.
A.   symbolic interactionist; functionalist
B.   applied sociologist; functionalist
C.   basic sociologist; applied sociologist
D.   functionalist; conflict theorist
Question #4
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
A.   symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
B.   conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists
C.   conflict theorists and structural functionalists
D.   symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
Question #5
Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
A.   symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism
B.   symbolic interactionism and the conflict perspective
C.   structural functionalism and the conflict perspective
D.   No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.
Question #6
According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires
A.   an understanding of who may have benefited from the change
B.   a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
C.   an understanding of who may have been victimized by the change
D.   a macroanalytical focus of the extent and duration of the change
Question #7
In his study of suicide, Emile Durkheim, was primarily concerned with
A.   personalities of individual suicide victims.
B.   the location of the suicide.
C.   the means people used to take their own life.
D.   suicide rates and how they varied from country to country.
Question #8
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
A.   nobles; peasants
B.   civilized; barbarians
C.   upper class; lower class
D.   bourgeoisie; proletariat
Question #9
Which of the following would not be a macro approach to research?
A.   race relations
B.   the military
C.   multinational corporations
D.   doctor-patient relationships
Question #10
Which of the following statements is the best example of a hypothesis?
A.   "Unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than employed men."
B.   "A penny saved is a penny earned."
C.   "More than 300 million people live in the United States."
D.   "All men are created equal."
Question #11
A disadvantage of the interview format is that:
A.   the questionnaire is less likely to be completed than with a mail survey
B.   it does not permit follow-up questions
C.   the researcher may inadvertently influence the subject
D.   the subject’s answers cannot be clarified
Question #12
What characteristic of random sampling ensures representativeness?
A.   Underrepresented elements are ignored.
B.   Few groups are represented in the sample.
C.   No chances are equal.
D.   Everyone has an equal chance of being selected.
Question #13
The universe of people who have the characteristics that a researcher wants to study is the:
A.   elements
B.   case
C.   population
D.   sample
Question #14
The feeling of trust that researchers establish with their respondents is referred to as ________.
A.   commitment
B.   confidentiality
C.   empathy
D.   rapport
Question #15
When subjects of research differ from their typical behavior because they realize that they are under observation, it is known as
A.   the Hawthorne Effect
B.   cross tabulation
C.   a spurious effect
D.   a statistical error
Question #16
There is a high correlation between the number of Americans who pay income tax in the month of April and the number of swimsuits sold. Which of the following statements is the best description of this relationship?
A.   It is classified as a null hypothesis.
B.   It is an indirect relationship.
C.   It is a cause-and-effect relationship.
D.   It is a spurious relationship.
Question #17
Which of the following is not considered secondary data?
A.   Data from previous studies.
B.   Crime statistics
C.   Participation in an experiment.
D.   Data from the U.S. Census Bureau
Question #18
Using language, personal names or even jokes are examples of
A.   subcultures.
B.   normative violations.
C.   sanctions.
D.   cultural universals.
Question #19
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe
A.   ideas about what is true or false
B.   expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
C.   standards by which people define what is socially desirable
D.   expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior
Question #20
All of the following statements are examples of countercultures, EXCEPT for which one?
A.   individuals advocating the legalization of prostitution
B.   bikers in an outlaw motorcycle club
C.   Chicago Cubs fans
D.   gang members operating in the San Quentin prison
Question #21
India is one of a number of societies where arranged marriages have been common but are now experiencing a growing number of people who see "love" marriages as a better option. The practice of Indians looking negatively at such long-held traditions in their culture is known as:
A.   xenocentrism
B.   non-material culture
C.   ethnocentrism
D.   cultural relativism
Question #22
On the first day of a summer school class, you walk into your classroom and discover that the teacher is sitting on the floor, playing a guitar, and wearing a tuxedo. This behavior violates
A.   laws
B.   sanctions
C.   folkways
D.   mores
Question #23
Without language, human culture would
A.   live in the past and have no concept of the future
B.   be little more advanced than lower primates
C.   have to become totally dependent upon memory
D.   focus more on plans and actions instead of talk
Question #24
While vacationing in Great Britain, you discover that the British drive on the “wrong” side of the road, speak an “absurd” accent, and use a “silly-looking” currency. Your attitudes are an expression of
A.   value contradictions
B.   xenocentrism
C.   ethnocentrism
D.   cultural relativism
Question #25
A position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking Army officer, a college president, or a handicapped Olympian, would be considered that person’s ________.
A.   social status
B.   status set
C.   master status
D.   ascribed status
Question #26
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.   that any hypothesis will be confirmed
B.   maximum objectivity and consistency
C.   than any perspective has merit.
D.   that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
Question #27
Norms are
A.   established standards of behavior maintained by a society
B.   beliefs about the existence of a supreme being
C.   collective conceptions of what is considered good or bad, desirable or undesirable, and proper or improper in a culture
D.   specialized language used by members of a subculture
Question #28
Which of the following in not an example of a sanction?
A.   Getting an A on the final
B.   Violating traffic laws
C.   Capital punishment
D.   Speeding ticket
Question #29
Which of the societal types did the introduction of power driven machinery take place?
A.   feudal
B.   industrial
C.   hunting and gathering
D.   agricultural
Question #30
According to Max Weber, what was critical in the development of capitalism?
A.   The development of sociology as a scientific discipline.
B.   Ending socialism.
C.   The Protestant Work Ethnic
D.   Ending feudalism
Question #31
Which of the following represents an achieved status?
A.   being a high school drop-out
B.   having a prescribed sex (male or female)
C.   knowing your particular ethnic descent
D.   acting like your mother when she was your age
Question #32
Which of the following is not an ascribed master status?
A.   gender
B.   race
C.   lawyer
D.   age
Question #33
The idea of sociologists being encouraged to keep their personal biases out of their sociological work is referred to as _______ and was developed by _______?
A.   the sociological imagination/C. Wright Mills
B.   value-free sociology/Max Weber
C.   mechanical solidarity/Emile Durkheim
D.   class conflict/Karl Marx
Question #34
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.   really, nothing at all.
B.   that any hypothesis will be confirmed
C.   maximum objectivity and consistency
D.   that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
Question #35
Which early social philosopher feared that France’s stability had been permanently impaired by the excesses of the French revolution, and hoped that the systematic study of social behavior would eventually lead to more rational human interactions, and furthermore, is considered the founder of sociology.
A.   Harriet Martineau
B.   Karl Marx
C.   Aguste Comte
D.   Herbart Spencer
Question #36
Sandra feel that her close friends see her as being unattractive: consequently, she internalizes that view and uses a heavy dose of makeup whenever she goes outside. This internalization and her reaction to it is known as:
A.   The Looking-Glass Self
B.   The Game Stage
C.   Unfair labeling
D.   self-hatred
Question #37
Which of the following would best describe an instance of role strain?
A.   A surgeon is operating on her own daughter.
B.   A student is expected to take exams in two different classes on the same day.
C.   Being a close friend of your boss.
D.   A student is assigned to work extra holiday hours that conflict with her class schedule.
Question #38
Which of the following is not associated with the development of the functionalist perspective?
A.   Karl Marx and W.E.B. DuBois
B.   Charles H Cooley
C.   Emile Durkheim
D.   Robert Merton
Question #39
Cultural relativism can be a:
A.   symbol
B.   cultural universal
C.   material object
D.   partial cure for ethnocentrism
Question #40
During finals week, many students will experience ______ ______ because of working full-time jobs and having several classes.
A.   role consensus
B.   role ambiguity
C.   role strain
D.   role conflict

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