Sociology 001 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » First Exam
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Question #1
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was?
A.
Herbert Spencer
B.
C. Wright Mills
C.
Emille Durkheim
D.
Talcott Parsons
Question #2
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
A.
economics; religion
B.
government; economics
C.
education; political stability
D.
religion; education
Question #3
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.
A.
applied sociologist; functionalist
B.
symbolic interactionist; functionalist
C.
basic sociologist; applied sociologist
D.
functionalist; conflict theorist
Question #4
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
A.
symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
B.
conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists
C.
conflict theorists and structural functionalists
D.
symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
Question #5
Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
A.
No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.
B.
symbolic interactionism and the conflict perspective
C.
structural functionalism and the conflict perspective
D.
symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism
Question #6
According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires
A.
an understanding of who may have been victimized by the change
B.
a macroanalytical focus of the extent and duration of the change
C.
a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
D.
an understanding of who may have benefited from the change
Question #7
In his study of suicide, Emile Durkheim, was primarily concerned with
A.
the location of the suicide.
B.
suicide rates and how they varied from country to country.
C.
the means people used to take their own life.
D.
personalities of individual suicide victims.
Question #8
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
A.
upper class; lower class
B.
civilized; barbarians
C.
bourgeoisie; proletariat
D.
nobles; peasants
Question #9
Which of the following would not be a macro approach to research?
A.
multinational corporations
B.
doctor-patient relationships
C.
race relations
D.
the military
Question #10
Which of the following statements is the best example of a hypothesis?
A.
"Unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than employed men."
B.
"A penny saved is a penny earned."
C.
"More than 300 million people live in the United States."
D.
"All men are created equal."
Question #11
A disadvantage of the interview format is that:
A.
the questionnaire is less likely to be completed than with a mail survey
B.
the subject’s answers cannot be clarified
C.
the researcher may inadvertently influence the subject
D.
it does not permit follow-up questions
Question #12
What characteristic of random sampling ensures representativeness?
A.
No chances are equal.
B.
Underrepresented elements are ignored.
C.
Few groups are represented in the sample.
D.
Everyone has an equal chance of being selected.
Question #13
The universe of people who have the characteristics that a researcher wants to study is the:
A.
elements
B.
case
C.
sample
D.
population
Question #14
The feeling of trust that researchers establish with their respondents is referred to as ________.
A.
confidentiality
B.
empathy
C.
commitment
D.
rapport
Question #15
When subjects of research differ from their typical behavior because they realize that they are under observation, it is known as
A.
a statistical error
B.
the Hawthorne Effect
C.
cross tabulation
D.
a spurious effect
Question #16
There is a high correlation between the number of Americans who pay income tax in the month of April and the number of swimsuits sold. Which of the following statements is the best description of this relationship?
A.
It is classified as a null hypothesis.
B.
It is a spurious relationship.
C.
It is a cause-and-effect relationship.
D.
It is an indirect relationship.
Question #17
Which of the following is not considered secondary data?
A.
Data from the U.S. Census Bureau
B.
Participation in an experiment.
C.
Data from previous studies.
D.
Crime statistics
Question #18
Using language, personal names or even jokes are examples of
A.
sanctions.
B.
subcultures.
C.
cultural universals.
D.
normative violations.
Question #19
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe
A.
expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
B.
ideas about what is true or false
C.
standards by which people define what is socially desirable
D.
expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior
Question #20
All of the following statements are examples of countercultures, EXCEPT for which one?
A.
individuals advocating the legalization of prostitution
B.
Chicago Cubs fans
C.
bikers in an outlaw motorcycle club
D.
gang members operating in the San Quentin prison
Question #21
India is one of a number of societies where arranged marriages have been common but are now experiencing a growing number of people who see "love" marriages as a better option. The practice of Indians looking negatively at such long-held traditions in their culture is known as:
A.
ethnocentrism
B.
non-material culture
C.
xenocentrism
D.
cultural relativism
Question #22
On the first day of a summer school class, you walk into your classroom and discover that the teacher is sitting on the floor, playing a guitar, and wearing a tuxedo. This behavior violates
A.
mores
B.
sanctions
C.
folkways
D.
laws
Question #23
Without language, human culture would
A.
focus more on plans and actions instead of talk
B.
have to become totally dependent upon memory
C.
be little more advanced than lower primates
D.
live in the past and have no concept of the future
Question #24
While vacationing in Great Britain, you discover that the British drive on the “wrong” side of the road, speak an “absurd” accent, and use a “silly-looking” currency. Your attitudes are an expression of
A.
xenocentrism
B.
value contradictions
C.
ethnocentrism
D.
cultural relativism
Question #25
A position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking Army officer, a college president, or a handicapped Olympian, would be considered that person’s ________.
A.
master status
B.
ascribed status
C.
social status
D.
status set
Question #26
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.
maximum objectivity and consistency
B.
that any hypothesis will be confirmed
C.
that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
D.
than any perspective has merit.
Question #27
Norms are
A.
collective conceptions of what is considered good or bad, desirable or undesirable, and proper or improper in a culture
B.
beliefs about the existence of a supreme being
C.
specialized language used by members of a subculture
D.
established standards of behavior maintained by a society
Question #28
Which of the following in not an example of a sanction?
A.
Getting an A on the final
B.
Capital punishment
C.
Violating traffic laws
D.
Speeding ticket
Question #29
Which of the societal types did the introduction of power driven machinery take place?
A.
feudal
B.
industrial
C.
hunting and gathering
D.
agricultural
Question #30
According to Max Weber, what was critical in the development of capitalism?
A.
Ending feudalism
B.
Ending socialism.
C.
The Protestant Work Ethnic
D.
The development of sociology as a scientific discipline.
Question #31
Which of the following represents an achieved status?
A.
knowing your particular ethnic descent
B.
being a high school drop-out
C.
having a prescribed sex (male or female)
D.
acting like your mother when she was your age
Question #32
Which of the following is not an ascribed master status?
A.
age
B.
gender
C.
lawyer
D.
race
Question #33
The idea of sociologists being encouraged to keep their personal biases out of their sociological work is referred to as _______ and was developed by _______?
A.
mechanical solidarity/Emile Durkheim
B.
class conflict/Karl Marx
C.
the sociological imagination/C. Wright Mills
D.
value-free sociology/Max Weber
Question #34
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.
really, nothing at all.
B.
that any hypothesis will be confirmed
C.
that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
D.
maximum objectivity and consistency
Question #35
Which early social philosopher feared that France’s stability had been permanently impaired by the excesses of the French revolution, and hoped that the systematic study of social behavior would eventually lead to more rational human interactions, and furthermore, is considered the founder of sociology.
A.
Harriet Martineau
B.
Aguste Comte
C.
Herbart Spencer
D.
Karl Marx
Question #36
Sandra feel that her close friends see her as being unattractive: consequently, she internalizes that view and uses a heavy dose of makeup whenever she goes outside. This internalization and her reaction to it is known as:
A.
The Game Stage
B.
Unfair labeling
C.
self-hatred
D.
The Looking-Glass Self
Question #37
Which of the following would best describe an instance of role strain?
A.
A student is assigned to work extra holiday hours that conflict with her class schedule.
B.
A student is expected to take exams in two different classes on the same day.
C.
A surgeon is operating on her own daughter.
D.
Being a close friend of your boss.
Question #38
Which of the following is not associated with the development of the functionalist perspective?
A.
Emile Durkheim
B.
Robert Merton
C.
Charles H Cooley
D.
Karl Marx and W.E.B. DuBois
Question #39
Cultural relativism can be a:
A.
material object
B.
symbol
C.
cultural universal
D.
partial cure for ethnocentrism
Question #40
During finals week, many students will experience ______ ______ because of working full-time jobs and having several classes.
A.
role conflict
B.
role consensus
C.
role ambiguity
D.
role strain
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