Sociology 001 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2022 » First Exam

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Question #1
The sociologist responsible for suggesting the connection between history and biography to explain the sociological imagination was?
A.   Emille Durkheim
B.   Talcott Parsons
C.   Herbert Spencer
D.   C. Wright Mills
Question #2
Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.
A.   education; political stability
B.   government; economics
C.   religion; education
D.   economics; religion
Question #3
Mark views society as a system of interrelated parts, while John views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Mark would be considered a(n) ________ and John would be seen as a(n) ________.
A.   symbolic interactionist; functionalist
B.   functionalist; conflict theorist
C.   basic sociologist; applied sociologist
D.   applied sociologist; functionalist
Question #4
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society?
A.   symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
B.   conflict theorists and structural functionalists
C.   symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
D.   conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists
Question #5
Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?
A.   No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.
B.   symbolic interactionism and structural functionalism
C.   structural functionalism and the conflict perspective
D.   symbolic interactionism and the conflict perspective
Question #6
According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires
A.   a macroanalytical focus of the extent and duration of the change
B.   an understanding of who may have been victimized by the change
C.   an understanding of who may have benefited from the change
D.   a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change
Question #7
In his study of suicide, Emile Durkheim, was primarily concerned with
A.   personalities of individual suicide victims.
B.   the location of the suicide.
C.   the means people used to take their own life.
D.   suicide rates and how they varied from country to country.
Question #8
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society were the ________ and the ________.
A.   bourgeoisie; proletariat
B.   upper class; lower class
C.   civilized; barbarians
D.   nobles; peasants
Question #9
Which of the following would not be a macro approach to research?
A.   the military
B.   multinational corporations
C.   race relations
D.   doctor-patient relationships
Question #10
Which of the following statements is the best example of a hypothesis?
A.   "More than 300 million people live in the United States."
B.   "Unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than employed men."
C.   "A penny saved is a penny earned."
D.   "All men are created equal."
Question #11
A disadvantage of the interview format is that:
A.   the questionnaire is less likely to be completed than with a mail survey
B.   it does not permit follow-up questions
C.   the researcher may inadvertently influence the subject
D.   the subject’s answers cannot be clarified
Question #12
What characteristic of random sampling ensures representativeness?
A.   No chances are equal.
B.   Underrepresented elements are ignored.
C.   Everyone has an equal chance of being selected.
D.   Few groups are represented in the sample.
Question #13
The universe of people who have the characteristics that a researcher wants to study is the:
A.   elements
B.   sample
C.   case
D.   population
Question #14
The feeling of trust that researchers establish with their respondents is referred to as ________.
A.   confidentiality
B.   rapport
C.   empathy
D.   commitment
Question #15
When subjects of research differ from their typical behavior because they realize that they are under observation, it is known as
A.   a statistical error
B.   the Hawthorne Effect
C.   cross tabulation
D.   a spurious effect
Question #16
There is a high correlation between the number of Americans who pay income tax in the month of April and the number of swimsuits sold. Which of the following statements is the best description of this relationship?
A.   It is a cause-and-effect relationship.
B.   It is classified as a null hypothesis.
C.   It is a spurious relationship.
D.   It is an indirect relationship.
Question #17
Which of the following is not considered secondary data?
A.   Crime statistics
B.   Data from previous studies.
C.   Data from the U.S. Census Bureau
D.   Participation in an experiment.
Question #18
Using language, personal names or even jokes are examples of
A.   normative violations.
B.   sanctions.
C.   cultural universals.
D.   subcultures.
Question #19
Sociologists use the concept of "norms" to describe
A.   ideas about what is true or false
B.   expectations or rules of behavior that develop from values
C.   expressions of disapproval for violating socially acceptable behavior
D.   standards by which people define what is socially desirable
Question #20
All of the following statements are examples of countercultures, EXCEPT for which one?
A.   Chicago Cubs fans
B.   gang members operating in the San Quentin prison
C.   individuals advocating the legalization of prostitution
D.   bikers in an outlaw motorcycle club
Question #21
India is one of a number of societies where arranged marriages have been common but are now experiencing a growing number of people who see "love" marriages as a better option. The practice of Indians looking negatively at such long-held traditions in their culture is known as:
A.   xenocentrism
B.   non-material culture
C.   ethnocentrism
D.   cultural relativism
Question #22
On the first day of a summer school class, you walk into your classroom and discover that the teacher is sitting on the floor, playing a guitar, and wearing a tuxedo. This behavior violates
A.   mores
B.   folkways
C.   laws
D.   sanctions
Question #23
Without language, human culture would
A.   focus more on plans and actions instead of talk
B.   have to become totally dependent upon memory
C.   be little more advanced than lower primates
D.   live in the past and have no concept of the future
Question #24
While vacationing in Great Britain, you discover that the British drive on the “wrong” side of the road, speak an “absurd” accent, and use a “silly-looking” currency. Your attitudes are an expression of
A.   ethnocentrism
B.   value contradictions
C.   xenocentrism
D.   cultural relativism
Question #25
A position in society that cuts across other statuses a person holds, such as being a high-ranking Army officer, a college president, or a handicapped Olympian, would be considered that person’s ________.
A.   status set
B.   master status
C.   ascribed status
D.   social status
Question #26
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.   that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
B.   than any perspective has merit.
C.   that any hypothesis will be confirmed
D.   maximum objectivity and consistency
Question #27
Norms are
A.   collective conceptions of what is considered good or bad, desirable or undesirable, and proper or improper in a culture
B.   beliefs about the existence of a supreme being
C.   specialized language used by members of a subculture
D.   established standards of behavior maintained by a society
Question #28
Which of the following in not an example of a sanction?
A.   Capital punishment
B.   Violating traffic laws
C.   Speeding ticket
D.   Getting an A on the final
Question #29
Which of the societal types did the introduction of power driven machinery take place?
A.   feudal
B.   industrial
C.   hunting and gathering
D.   agricultural
Question #30
According to Max Weber, what was critical in the development of capitalism?
A.   The development of sociology as a scientific discipline.
B.   Ending feudalism
C.   The Protestant Work Ethnic
D.   Ending socialism.
Question #31
Which of the following represents an achieved status?
A.   having a prescribed sex (male or female)
B.   acting like your mother when she was your age
C.   being a high school drop-out
D.   knowing your particular ethnic descent
Question #32
Which of the following is not an ascribed master status?
A.   gender
B.   race
C.   age
D.   lawyer
Question #33
The idea of sociologists being encouraged to keep their personal biases out of their sociological work is referred to as _______ and was developed by _______?
A.   value-free sociology/Max Weber
B.   class conflict/Karl Marx
C.   mechanical solidarity/Emile Durkheim
D.   the sociological imagination/C. Wright Mills
Question #34
In researching a problem, use of the scientific method will ensure
A.   really, nothing at all.
B.   maximum objectivity and consistency
C.   that one’s theoretical perspective will be confirmed
D.   that any hypothesis will be confirmed
Question #35
Which early social philosopher feared that France’s stability had been permanently impaired by the excesses of the French revolution, and hoped that the systematic study of social behavior would eventually lead to more rational human interactions, and furthermore, is considered the founder of sociology.
A.   Harriet Martineau
B.   Karl Marx
C.   Aguste Comte
D.   Herbart Spencer
Question #36
Sandra feel that her close friends see her as being unattractive: consequently, she internalizes that view and uses a heavy dose of makeup whenever she goes outside. This internalization and her reaction to it is known as:
A.   The Looking-Glass Self
B.   The Game Stage
C.   Unfair labeling
D.   self-hatred
Question #37
  
A.   A surgeon is operating on her own daughter.
B.   Being a close friend of your boss.
C.   A student is expected to take exams in two different classes on the same day.
D.   A student is assigned to work extra holiday hours that conflict with her class schedule.
Question #38
Which of the following is not associated with the development of the functionalist perspective?
A.   Emile Durkheim
B.   Charles H Cooley
C.   Karl Marx and W.E.B. DuBois
D.   Robert Merton
Question #39
Cultural relativism can be a:
A.   symbol
B.   partial cure for ethnocentrism
C.   material object
D.   cultural universal
Question #40
During finals week, many students will experience ______ ______ because of working full-time jobs and having several classes.
A.   role strain
B.   role conflict
C.   role ambiguity
D.   role consensus

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