Bio 2010 - Microbiology » Summer 2022 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
Strontium (ST) has five periods, an atomic number of 38 and is in group 2. Which of the following is strontium's electron count?
A.
2, 8, 18
B.
2, 8, 18, 8, 5
C.
2, 8, 18, 2
D.
2, 8, 18, 8, 2
Question #2
Which of the following factors play a key role in likelihood of spreading infectious disease?
A.
environmental conditions
B.
genetic profile
C.
all of these
D.
human behavior
Question #3
Which of the following describes primary purpose of Koch's postulates?
A.
clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.
B.
develop vaccines for specific diseases.
C.
demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.
D.
isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.
Question #4
Which of the following BEST describes a pathogen's entry site?
A.
portal of entry
B.
penetration point
C.
infectious point
D.
lethal point
Question #5
Which of the following term describes resistance of a population to infection and pathogen spread due to preexisting population immunity?
A.
resistance effect
B.
threshold immunity
C.
herd immunity
D.
vicarious immunity
Question #6
Which of the following describes the type of bond between NaCl?
A.
ionic bond.
B.
hydrogen bond.
C.
polar-covalent bond.
D.
non-polar covalent bond
Question #7
Which of the following terms describe organisms who are ubiquitously found in nature, but that cause disease only in individuals whose defenses are somehow weak or compromised?
A.
partial
B.
opportunistic
C.
nosocomial
D.
common source
Question #8
Which of the following is the BEST definition of a pathogen?
A.
a microbe that causes disease in humans
B.
a parasite that infects dogs
C.
a parasite that kills its host
D.
a virus that does nothing to humans
Question #9
Which of the following Koch postulates presents ethical challenges for human infectious disease research?
A.
the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal
B.
the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease
C.
the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease
D.
the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture
Question #10
The outcome of most host-parasite relationships depends on which of the following?
A.
the virulence of the organism
B.
none of these are correct
C.
all of these are correct
D.
the host's defenses or degree of resistance
E.
the number of microorganisms infecting the host
Question #11
Which of the following terms specifically means "disease" ?
A.
incidence
B.
morbidity
C.
mortality
D.
prevalence
Question #12
Which of the following describes a disease that is REGULARLY found in very low levels, among small group of individuals or in a certain area?
A.
epidemic.
B.
endemic.
C.
pandemic.
D.
sporadic.
Question #13
Which of the following did proponents of spontaneous generation believe was necessary for spontaneous generation to occur?
A.
disease
B.
air
C.
bacteria
D.
cells
Question #14
Which of the following describes a symbiotic relationship whose interactions are always HARMFUL to the host?
A.
parasitism
B.
commensalism
C.
pathogenicity
D.
mutualism
Question #15
Which of the following type of microorganismal entry portals results from an animal bite on the arm?
A.
prodromal route
B.
parenteral route.
C.
respiratory membrane
D.
nosocomial route
E.
none of the above
Question #16
Which of the following describes a pathogen's typical location site or natural habitat, where it often resides during and after an infection outbreak event?
A.
source
B.
reservoir
C.
hot zone
D.
vector
Question #17
Which of the following terms describes the relationship between resident microbiota and their human host?
A.
parasites.
B.
mutualistic.
C.
pathogens.
D.
commensals.
Question #18
Which of the following is the most frequently used pathogen portal of entry?
A.
the digestive tract
B.
the respiratory tract
C.
the urinary tract
D.
the eyes and skin
E.
the placenta
Question #19
Which of the following statements is the BEST description of biogenesis?
A.
living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells
B.
Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter
C.
nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms
D.
oxygen is necessary for living organisms
Question #20
Which of the following is the correct sequence of a disease process?
A.
incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline
B.
illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline
C.
convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline
D.
incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
E.
prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline
Question #21
Which of the following is the BEST describes an infectious disease VECTOR?
A.
an infected host organism
B.
a place the microbe resides during an infection.
C.
a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.
D.
the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans
Question #22
Which of the following pH measurements would be considered acidic?
A.
7.5
B.
7.0
C.
8.0
D.
14.0
E.
1.5
Question #23
Choose the following term that completes the following statement: Pandemic are infectious diseases that spread between TWO:
A.
animals.
B.
individuals
C.
continents.
D.
states.
E.
insects.
Question #24
Proponents of spontaneous generation believed a vital life force was responsible for causing organisms to arise from non-cellular sources. However, we now know that uncovered flasks will become contaminated. Which of the following is really responsible for contamination of open flasks?
A.
dust
B.
sunlight
C.
air
D.
oxygen
E.
carbon dioxide
Question #25
According to CDC 2014 Ebola Virus out-break data, the total number of deaths resulting from Ebola virus was 11301. The fatalities occurred in the neighboring countries Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Geographically, these countries are very close together on the same continent and are not considered global. Which of the following terms BEST describes the distribution of the 2014 Ebola out-break?
A.
sporadic
B.
pandemic
C.
endemic
D.
epidemic
Question #26
Woese and Whittaker hypothesize separate phylogenetic trees to describe the relationships all living organisms. They use different information to make these Trees of Life reconstructions. Which following type of information did Woese use to make his Trees?
A.
DNA
B.
appearance
C.
Gram stains
D.
mitochondrial
E.
fats
Question #27
Which of the following BEST defines what a zoonosis is?
A.
an infection the spreads in a hospital
B.
an infection that spreads between two humans
C.
an infection that spreads from an animal to a human
D.
an infection whose spread cannot be controlled
Question #28
Which of the following best describes water droplet transmission?
A.
transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing
B.
none of these
C.
transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing
D.
transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating
E.
transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain
F.
more than one of these are correct
Question #29
In our discussions, we described the Infectious Diseases Stage curve. Once infected with a pathogen, which of the following stages MAY NOT be experienced by all of your patients?
A.
convalescence
B.
more than one of these are correct
C.
prodromal
D.
incubation
E.
illness
F.
decline
Question #30
Which of the following statements regarding past pandemics and the current SARS-COV2 (COVID 19) pandemic is CORRECT?
A.
they only affect poor, less affluent countries
B.
social isolation never makes them go away
C.
they usually end with very minimal loss of human life
D.
ignorance almost always makes them worse
Question #31
An element's reactive electrons are found in the shell the furthest away from its nucleus. Which of the following is the name of the shell that meets this description?
A.
valence electrons
B.
inert electrons
C.
octet electrons
D.
reactive electrons
Question #32
The LD50 of Vibrio cholerae is 1080 cells. The LD50 value changes to 502 cells if the bacteria are ingested with alkaline substances. Which of the following BEST demonstrates the relationship between this organism's virulence and low pH of stomach acid:
A.
pH has no effect on virulence.
B.
stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.
C.
stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.
D.
stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae
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