Bio 2010 - Microbiology » Summer 2022 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1
Strontium (ST) has five periods, an atomic number of 38 and is in group 2. Which of the following is strontium's electron count?
A.   2, 8, 18, 8, 5
B.   2, 8, 18
C.   2, 8, 18, 8, 2
D.   2, 8, 18, 2
Question #2
Which of the following factors play a key role in likelihood of spreading infectious disease?
A.   environmental conditions
B.   genetic profile
C.   human behavior
D.   all of these
Question #3
Which of the following describes primary purpose of Koch's postulates?
A.   demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.
B.   isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.
C.   develop vaccines for specific diseases.
D.   clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.
Question #4
Which of the following BEST describes a pathogen's entry site?
A.   penetration point
B.   lethal point
C.   infectious point
D.   portal of entry
Question #5
Which of the following term describes resistance of a population to infection and pathogen spread due to preexisting population immunity?
A.   threshold immunity
B.   resistance effect
C.   vicarious immunity
D.   herd immunity
Question #6
Which of the following describes the type of bond between NaCl?
A.   ionic bond.
B.   hydrogen bond.
C.   non-polar covalent bond
D.   polar-covalent bond.
Question #7
Which of the following terms describe organisms who are ubiquitously found in nature, but that cause disease only in individuals whose defenses are somehow weak or compromised?
A.   partial
B.   nosocomial
C.   opportunistic
D.   common source
Question #8
Which of the following is the BEST definition of a pathogen?
A.   a microbe that causes disease in humans
B.   a parasite that kills its host
C.   a parasite that infects dogs
D.   a virus that does nothing to humans
Question #9
Which of the following Koch postulates presents ethical challenges for human infectious disease research?
A.   the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal
B.   the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease
C.   the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease
D.   the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture
Question #10
The outcome of most host-parasite relationships depends on which of the following?
A.   the number of microorganisms infecting the host
B.   the virulence of the organism
C.   all of these are correct
D.   none of these are correct
E.   the host's defenses or degree of resistance
Question #11
Which of the following terms specifically means "disease" ?
A.   mortality
B.   prevalence
C.   incidence
D.   morbidity
Question #12
Which of the following describes a disease that is REGULARLY found in very low levels, among small group of individuals or in a certain area?
A.   pandemic.
B.   sporadic.
C.   endemic.
D.   epidemic.
Question #13
Which of the following did proponents of spontaneous generation believe was necessary for spontaneous generation to occur?
A.   air
B.   bacteria
C.   cells
D.   disease
Question #14
Which of the following describes a symbiotic relationship whose interactions are always HARMFUL to the host?
A.   parasitism
B.   commensalism
C.   mutualism
D.   pathogenicity
Question #15
Which of the following type of microorganismal entry portals results from an animal bite on the arm?
A.   parenteral route.
B.   nosocomial route
C.   respiratory membrane
D.   prodromal route
E.   none of the above
Question #16
Which of the following describes a pathogen's typical location site or natural habitat, where it often resides during and after an infection outbreak event?
A.   source
B.   reservoir
C.   vector
D.   hot zone
Question #17
Which of the following terms describes the relationship between resident microbiota and their human host?
A.   parasites.
B.   pathogens.
C.   commensals.
D.   mutualistic.
Question #18
Which of the following is the most frequently used pathogen portal of entry?
A.   the urinary tract
B.   the eyes and skin
C.   the respiratory tract
D.   the digestive tract
E.   the placenta
Question #19
Which of the following statements is the BEST description of biogenesis?
A.   nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms
B.   oxygen is necessary for living organisms
C.   living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells
D.   Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter
Question #20
Which of the following is the correct sequence of a disease process?
A.   incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence
B.   prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline
C.   convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline
D.   incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline
E.   illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline
Question #21
Which of the following is the BEST describes an infectious disease VECTOR?
A.   a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.
B.   an infected host organism
C.   the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans
D.   a place the microbe resides during an infection.
Question #22
Which of the following pH measurements would be considered acidic?
A.   8.0
B.   7.0
C.   1.5
D.   7.5
E.   14.0
Question #23
Choose the following term that completes the following statement: Pandemic are infectious diseases that spread between TWO:
A.   continents.
B.   insects.
C.   individuals
D.   animals.
E.   states.
Question #24
Proponents of spontaneous generation believed a vital life force was responsible for causing organisms to arise from non-cellular sources. However, we now know that uncovered flasks will become contaminated. Which of the following is really responsible for contamination of open flasks?
A.   dust
B.   carbon dioxide
C.   oxygen
D.   sunlight
E.   air
Question #25
According to CDC 2014 Ebola Virus out-break data, the total number of deaths resulting from Ebola virus was 11301. The fatalities occurred in the neighboring countries Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Geographically, these countries are very close together on the same continent and are not considered global. Which of the following terms BEST describes the distribution of the 2014 Ebola out-break?
A.   pandemic
B.   endemic
C.   epidemic
D.   sporadic
Question #26
Woese and Whittaker hypothesize separate phylogenetic trees to describe the relationships all living organisms. They use different information to make these Trees of Life reconstructions. Which following type of information did Woese use to make his Trees?
A.   fats
B.   Gram stains
C.   DNA
D.   appearance
E.   mitochondrial
Question #27
Which of the following BEST defines what a zoonosis is?
A.   an infection the spreads in a hospital
B.   an infection that spreads from an animal to a human
C.   an infection that spreads between two humans
D.   an infection whose spread cannot be controlled
Question #28
Which of the following best describes water droplet transmission?
A.   none of these
B.   more than one of these are correct
C.   transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing
D.   transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing
E.   transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating
F.   transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain
Question #29
In our discussions, we described the Infectious Diseases Stage curve. Once infected with a pathogen, which of the following stages MAY NOT be experienced by all of your patients?
A.   more than one of these are correct
B.   convalescence
C.   prodromal
D.   decline
E.   incubation
F.   illness
Question #30
Which of the following statements regarding past pandemics and the current SARS-COV2 (COVID 19) pandemic is CORRECT?
A.   social isolation never makes them go away
B.   they usually end with very minimal loss of human life
C.   ignorance almost always makes them worse
D.   they only affect poor, less affluent countries
Question #31
An element's reactive electrons are found in the shell the furthest away from its nucleus. Which of the following is the name of the shell that meets this description?
A.   inert electrons
B.   octet electrons
C.   valence electrons
D.   reactive electrons
Question #32
The LD50 of Vibrio cholerae is 1080 cells. The LD50 value changes to 502 cells if the bacteria are ingested with alkaline substances. Which of the following BEST demonstrates the relationship between this organism's virulence and low pH of stomach acid:
A.   stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.
B.   stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae
C.   stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.
D.   pH has no effect on virulence.

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