Bio 2010 - Microbiology » Summer 2022 » Lecture Exam 3
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Question #1
What is the oxidative phosphorylation function of the ATP proton pump?
A.
to make CO2
B.
to make ATP
C.
to make O2
D.
to make ADP
Question #2
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of what happens in electron transport?
A.
NADH and FADH are oxidized.
B.
The electrons gain energy with each transfer in the chain.
C.
The final electron acceptor is oxidized.
D.
NADH and FADH are reduced.
Question #3
Dividing bacterial cells require large amounts of energy in the form of ATP. Which of the following processes results in the greatest production of ATP?
A.
oxidative phosphorylation
B.
fermentation
C.
the Kreb's cycle
D.
glycolysis
E.
substrate-level phosphorylation
Question #4
Why is oxygen necessary in aerobic cellular respiration?
A.
it is important in creating oxaloacetic acid in the Krebs cycle.
B.
it is needed for glycolysis, which begins the process of respiration in cells.
C.
it provides the hydrogen nuclei needed to create a proton gradient outside of the cell
D.
it is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Question #5
The proton motive force is:
A.
the movement of flagella
B.
ATP accumulation in the plasma membrane
C.
the movement of water across a membrane
D.
the accumulation of water formed in respiration
E.
a H+ electrochemical gradient formed across the plasma membrane
Question #6
How does extreme temperature affect mesophilic proteins?
A.
destroys products
B.
destroys substrates
C.
breaks chemical bonds
D.
preserves existing chemical bonds
Question #7
In allosteric feedback inhibition, which molecule ultimately inactivates the FIRST enzyme in a series of reactions involving many enzymes in a cascade?
A.
sunlight
B.
a new substrate that the cell absorbs
C.
the second enzyme in the reaction series
D.
the final product in the reaction series
Question #8
Some of the drugs used to treat HIV patients are competitive inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme. Unfortunately, the high mutation rate of HIV means that the virus rapidly acquires mutations with amino acid changes that make them resistant to competitive inhibitors. If these drugs are competative inhibitors, where in the reverse transcriptase enzyme would such an amino acid change most likely occur in drug resistant viruses?
A.
in the active site
B.
in regions of the protein that determine packaging into the virus capsid
C.
at an allosteric site
D.
such mutations could occur anywhere with equal probability
E.
at a cofactor binding site
Question #9
Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction through which of the following processes?
A.
changing pH
B.
increasing available ATP
C.
Increasing the activation energy
D.
reducing the activation energy
Question #10
Reducing enzyme activity by blocking its active sites is called:
A.
feedback inhibition
B.
non-competitive inhibition
C.
allosteric inhibition
D.
competitive inhibition
Question #11
Which metabolic pathway or process is common to both aerobic oxidation and fermentation of sugar?
A.
Krebs cycle
B.
electron transport system
C.
transition reaction
D.
glycolysis
Question #12
Microbial fermentation can be detected in laboratory identification by observing a change in:
A.
glucose levels
B.
pH
C.
temperature
D.
oxygen levels
Question #13
What does NADH transfer?
A.
Acetyl CoA
B.
acetyl groups
C.
ATP
D.
phosphate groups
E.
electrons
Question #14
NAD+, FAD, and NADP+ are all examples of:
A.
enzymes.
B.
cytochromes.
C.
electron carriers.
D.
precursor metabolites.
Question #15
During the glycolysis Energy Conserving stage, two glycolytic end-products or final products are made. Which of the following are the final glycolytic products?
A.
phosphoglyceric acid
B.
pyruvic acid
C.
glucose 3-phosphate (G3P)
D.
oxaloacetic acid
Question #16
During the first glycolytic step, 2 ATP molecules have to be invested. The energy from these ATPs is used to immediately make a new molecule so that it can be oxidized later on in glycolysis. What is the name of this new molecule?
A.
citric acid
B.
oxaloacetic acid
C.
glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)
D.
pyruvic acid
E.
glucose 3-phosphate (G3P)
Question #17
The Kreb's cycle is a sequence of enzyme reactions that regenerate themselves once acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) is added. Citric acid is the first compound in this sequence of reactions. The cycle continues when citric acid is further oxidized yield a product in the final step of this cycle. What is the name of the final product in this cycle?
A.
oxaloacetic acid
B.
CO2
C.
NAD+
D.
O2
E.
phosphoglyceric acid
Question #18
The Kreb's cycle completes two full turns for the oxidation of all pyruvic acid from glycolysis. How many total NADH molecules are made from Krebs cycle reactions only?
A.
0
B.
6
C.
2
D.
8
E.
4
Question #19
Which molecule would absolutely have to be present in order to keep the Krebs cycle turning and making more products?
A.
Acetyl CoA
B.
ATP
C.
NADH
D.
O2
E.
H20
Question #20
During light-dependent photosynthesis, photosythetic microbes make NADPH. Ultimately, what will NADPH made in this step be used for?
A.
oxidized in order to make ATP
B.
oxidized in order to make CO2
C.
reduced in order to make glucose
D.
oxidized in order to make water
E.
oxidized in order to make glucose
Question #21
The Calvin-Benson cycle is considered a cycle because the end product, ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in this sequence chemically reacts with CO2 to form more product, which in turn, can be used to start the process to make glucose. What is the name of the first compound made in this cycle?
A.
NAD+
B.
phosphoglyceric acid
C.
oxaloacetic acid
D.
O2
E.
CO2
Question #22
The Escherichia coli lac operon is transcribed when:
A.
all of these
B.
lactose is present.
C.
repressor protein is bound to the operator.
D.
lactose binds to the promoter.
Question #23
This protein is produced by a regulatory gene:
A.
operon
B.
promotor
C.
repressor
D.
inducer
E.
corepressor
Question #24
The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when:
A.
the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell.
B.
there is more glucose in the cell than lactose.
C.
the cyclic AMP levels are low.
D.
the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low.
E.
there is glucose but no lactose in the cell.
Question #25
Transcription of the structural genes in an inducible operon:
A.
starts when the pathway's substrate is present.
B.
occurs continuously in the cell.
C.
stops when the pathway's product is present.
D.
does not result in the production of enzymes.
E.
starts when the pathways product is present.
Question #26
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase is called the:
A.
activator
B.
repressor
C.
regulator
D.
corepressor
Question #27
The transfer of naked DNA from one cell to another is referred to as:
A.
transformation
B.
lysogeny
C.
conjugation
D.
transduction
Question #28
Genes transferred from one cell to another is called:
A.
transfer of gene
B.
gene transfer
C.
vertical gene transfer
D.
horizontal gene transfer
Question #29
The transfer of genes from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is known as:
A.
transformation
B.
transduction
C.
recombination
D.
conjugation
Question #30
Bacterial conjugation is an example of:
A.
vertical gene transfer
B.
transduction
C.
bacterial transformation
D.
horizontal gene transfer
Question #31
A type of substitution in which no amino acids change is called:
A.
missense
B.
silent
C.
Deletion
D.
nonsense
Question #32
Original DNA: CAT GAT Mutated DNA: CAT AT What type of mutation occurred?
A.
substitution
B.
silent
C.
deletion
D.
insertion
Question #33
Original DNA sequence: ATC CAT Mutated DNA sequence: ATC GCAT. What type of mutation occurred?
A.
deletion
B.
point mutation
C.
insertion
D.
silent
Question #34
Okazaki fragments are:
A.
short gaps on the leading copy DNA strand
B.
short gaps on the lagging parent DNA strand
C.
short gaps on the leading parent DNA strand
D.
short gaps on the lagging copy DNA strand
Question #35
DNA unwinding is done by:
A.
topoisomerase
B.
ligase
C.
helicase
D.
DNA polymerase
Question #36
During replication, which of the following enzymes corrects DNA from overwinding ahead of the replication fork?
A.
helicase
B.
primase
C.
topoisomerase
D.
DNA polymerase
Question #37
All of the following are true statements concerning DNA structure, EXCEPT:
A.
the two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds.
B.
the two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel to each other.
C.
DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and U.
D.
DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose.
Question #38
DNA molecules are made up of subunits called nucleotides. How many different types of nucleotides are used to make DNA molecules?
A.
three types
B.
one type
C.
four types
D.
two types
Question #39
In our lecture, I compared genes to:
A.
colors of the rainbow
B.
books of information
C.
different cars
D.
types of people
Question #40
A gene is a segment of mRNA:
A.
between a start and stop codon
B.
between a stop and start codon
C.
at the end of two stop codons
D.
between two start codons
Question #41
Copy of Which of the following represents the correct flow of genetic information, from DNAï mRNAï tRNA:
A.
UUGACUï TTGACTï AACUGA
B.
AACUGAï TTGACTï UUGACU
C.
TTGACT ï AACUGAï UUGACU
D.
UUGACUï AACUGAï TTGACT
Question #42
If a particular short DNA sequence is AGATTC, the corresponding RNA sequence will be:
A.
AGATTC.
B.
UCUAAG.
C.
TCTAAG.
D.
AGAUUC.
Question #43
Which of the following enzymes is used to unwind, transcribe, and rewind DNA during transcription?
A.
topisomerase
B.
primase
C.
DNA polymerase
D.
RNA polymerase
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