Psychology 101 - Introduction to Psychology » Summer 2022 » Exam 2

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Question #1
In Bandura’s famous experiment children observed either an aggressive or a non-aggressive model in a room of toys and a Bobo Doll. When allowed to play with Bobo, researchers observed that children who observed the aggressive model were more aggressive in their own interactions. Research concluded that:
A.   children used their observation of adult models to determine that aggressive behavior was acceptable
B.   children who observed the aggressive models were more aggressive than the other children.
C.   the aggressive models instructed the children how to hit and kick
D.   that observation had no impact on behavior
Question #2
Crystallized Intelligence is to Creative Intelligence:
A.   ability to problem solve to a high level: ability to problem solve at a basic level
B.   ability to apply information in novel settings: ability to reason and problem solve in novel situations
C.   information that has been acquired through experience: ability to reason and problem solve in novel situations
D.   ability to problem solve at a basic level: ability to problem solve at a high level
Question #3
Freud believed that repression lies in the __________________ .
A.   preconscious
B.   unconscious
C.   superconsciousness
D.   conscious
Question #4
In a study, researchers asked one group of participants to watch a video about two friends in an unpleasant argument. They asked another group of participants to watch the same video, but told participants that it was a video of two friends enjoying a lively discussion. Afterwards, the researchers notice that participants who were told the discussion was an argument were more likely to falsely report that the people in the video were yelling, frowning, and getting angry. This is an example of:
A.   misattribution effect
B.   misinformation effect
C.   source Amnesia
D.   cue overload
Question #5
If old experiences disrupt recall of new experiences, this is referred to as:
A.   encoding failure.
B.   proactive interference.
C.   retrieval failure.
D.   retroactive interference.
Question #6
The id operates on the ________ principle.
A.   reality
B.   pleasure
C.   latency
D.   phallic
Question #7
One psychoanalytic theory that has gain large acceptance in psychology today is the ___________________.
A.   conditioning theory
B.   cognitive-behavioral theory
C.   object relations theory
D.   observational model
Question #8
Eight-month old Jonathan was left by his mother at the baby-sitter's place. The minute his mother left and he could not see her, Jonathan started to cry. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development which concept would explain Jonathan's behavior?
A.   conservation
B.   egocentrism
C.   transformation
D.   object permanence
Question #9
A child who learns to play kickball by sitting back and watching is engaged in:
A.   occasion setting
B.   observational learning
C.   operant conditioning
D.   classical conditioning
Question #10
The Oedipus complex occurs in the ________ stage of psychosexual development.
A.   anal
B.   latency
C.   oral
D.   phallic
Question #11
Leonard is a psychotherapist and is very good at his job partly because he has a strong sense of empathy for others. Which type of intelligence from Gardner's multiple intelligences theory does this most clearly indicate?
A.   interpersonal.
B.   intrapersonal.
C.   naturalistic.
D.   bodily-kinesthetic.
Question #12
In a “Skinner box” experiments with rats the rats can learn:
A.   rats were unable to learn new behaviors.
B.   rat’s behavior varied over several days.
C.   to quit pressing a lever when reinforced with a food pellet
D.   to press a lever when reinforced with a food pellet
Question #13
Effects that increase behaviors are __________; effects that decrease them are ____________.
A.   reinforcers; punishers
B.   rewards; consequences
C.   positive; negative
D.   right; wrong
Question #14
Randy has a box of Smarties candies. Randy leaves the room, and while he is away, Michelle plays a trick on him. She removes the Smarties and replaces them with rocks. Their son, Zeven, notices this, and starts laughing knowing that his Dad, Randy, will be tricked! Zeven has mastered:
A.   conventional reasoning
B.   formal operations
C.   secure attachment
D.   a theory of mind
Question #15
According to Piaget, the developmental processes that explain children’s cognitive development are measured by:
A.   the answers children give to each problem
B.   a child’s age
C.   how well they work together to solve a problem
D.   how children reason, with fundamental changes in thinking occurring in each stage
Question #16
Piaget’s stage theory can be described as which of the following?
A.   continuous and qualitative
B.   discontinuous and qualitative
C.   discontinuous and quantitative
D.   continuous and quantitative
Question #17
If Jack confiscates his son Joshua’s video game console to stop him from misbehaving, what technique is Jack using to modify Joshua’s behavior?
A.   positive reinforcement.
B.   passive aggressive behavior.
C.   negative reinforcement.
D.   negative punishment.
Question #18
The first three editions of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM), were highly influenced by the ______________________ perspective.
A.   cognitive
B.   psychodynamic
C.   experimental
D.   behavioral
Question #19
In Pavlov’s experiments, what type of stimulus was the bell after pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus?
A.   discriminative.
B.   conditioned.
C.   unconditioned.
D.   neutral.
Question #20
Ronaldo’s dog, Mickey, used to be classically conditioned to bark every time he heard the doorbell because he knew people would be arriving and he wanted to say hello. While Mickey’s owner did a good job of extinguishing Mickey’s association of these stimuli, a doorbell can still sometimes evoke some responding again of Mickey barking. It is likely that Mikey is showing what aspect of conditioning?
A.   spontaneous recovery
B.   obedience
C.   renewal effect
D.   elimination
Question #21
If a tone is sometimes preceded by a light, and always followed by a shock, an animal will likely learn to fear:
A.   only the tone and light if paired together
B.   the tone absolutely and the light to a lesser degree
C.   the tone and the light equally
D.   the tone, but not the light
Question #22
Which of the following pairs of psychologists were responsible for the first recognized test of intelligence quotient, or IQ?
A.   Thurstone and Gladman
B.   Wechsler and Terman
C.   Spearman and Galton
D.   Binet and Simon
Question #23
The founder of the psychodynamic perspective is ________________.
A.   Wilhelm Wundt
B.   Sigmund Freud
C.   William James
D.   B.F. Skinner
Question #24
During the lecture Wayne is busy texting on his cell phone, while kind of half paying attention to what the professor is saying. A few minutes after making a point the professor gives a pop quiz on the material. Wayne can’t retrieve the information the prof gave in the lecture and does poorly on the test. A likely factor in Wayne’s not being able to retrieve the information is:
A.   state dependent memory
B.   context dependent memory
C.   encoding failure
D.   encoding elaboration
Question #25
In Freud's topographic (iceberg) theory, the superego lies in the ______________________ .
A.   preconcious
B.   conscious
C.   unconscious
D.   all of these
Question #26
Social Learning Theory requires ___________ in order for learning to take place.
A.   a set of rules
B.   a complex game
C.   reinforcements
D.   social models
Question #27
The ego works on the ___________________ principal.
A.   morality
B.   reality
C.   instinct
D.   none of the above
Question #28
Which of the following is an important difference between classical and operant conditioning?
A.   In classical conditioning, the behavior is involuntary, whereas in operant conditioning it is voluntary.
B.   In classical conditioning, the behavior is not an indicator of learning, whereas in operant conditioning, it is an indicator of learning.
C.   In classical conditioning, the behavior it voluntary, whereas in operant conditioning it is involuntary.
D.   In classical conditioning, the behavior is an indicator of learning, whereas in operant conditioning the behavior is not an indicator of learning.
Question #29
What is NOT one of the core assumptions of the psychodynamic perspective?
A.   Majority of psychological processes (psyche) take place outside conscious awareness.
B.   All human behavior lies in the conciousness of self.
C.   Diathesis of behavior lies in early childhood experiences
D.   There is no such thing as a random thought, feeling, motive, or behavior.

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