Psychology 1012 - General Psychology » Summer 2022 » Chapter 6
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Question #1
Which of the following may occur if a learned operant response is not reinforced?
A.
Discrimination
B.
Latency
C.
Avoidance
D.
Extinction
Question #2
A learned response that is exhibited following an extended period of absence has undergone ________.
A.
stimulus discrimination
B.
spontaneous recovery
C.
token reinforcement
D.
systematic desensitization
Question #3
A therapist who helps patients overcome a fear of heights by gradually exposing them to locations of increasing height is employing ________.
A.
systematic desensitization
B.
stimulus discrimination
C.
programmed instruction
D.
stimulus generalization
Question #4
Thorndike's law of effect is primarily focused on which of the following?
A.
Stimuli
B.
Consequences
C.
Reinforcements
D.
Ethics
Question #5
Which of the following defines negative reinforcement?
A.
Weakening of a learned response when it is no longer followed by reinforcement
B.
Removal of a positive reinforcer after a response is made
C.
Any event that follows a response and decreases its likelihood of occurring again
D.
Strengthening a behavior by removing something unpleasant from the environment
Question #6
One of the drawbacks of using punishment to manage behavior is that the person it is applied to can experience elevated levels of ________.
A.
depression
B.
withdrawal
C.
aggression
D.
mania
Question #7
Which of the following terms describes nonlearned reinforcers that usually satisfy physiological needs?
A.
Discriminative
B.
Secondary
C.
Token
D.
Primary
Question #8
The partial reinforcement effect is focused on which of the following?
A.
Extinction
B.
Desensitization
C.
Discrimination
D.
Punishment
Question #9
Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?
A.
Playing a slot machine
B.
Receiving money every Saturday for doing chores
C.
Checking for social media "likes"
D.
Catching four fish in a day
Question #10
A classroom of third-grade children who recite the multiplication tables aloud every morning demonstrateS which type of learning?
A.
iscovery
B.
Rote
C.
Programmed
D.
Latent
Question #11
Learning from models is primarily based on what two factors?
A.
Responding and reinforcing
B.
Discovering and generalizing
C.
Observing and imitating
D.
Exploring and understanding
Question #12
In operant conditioning, the learner's response can be described as ________.
A.
voluntary and reflexive
B.
voluntary and spontaneous
C.
involuntary and reflexive
D.
involuntary and spontaneous
Question #13
Which of the following methods is primarily characterized by presenting information in small amounts, offering immediate practice, and providing continuous feedback to learners?
A.
Educational simulation
B.
Cognitive mapping
C.
Guided discovery
D.
Programmed instruction
Question #14
Which of the following, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood that a response will be repeated?
A.
Reinforcement
B.
Stimulus
C.
Consequence
D.
Punishment
Question #15
Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?
A.
Water
B.
Money
C.
Praise
D.
Affection
Question #16
Amber is conducting research to condition rats to press a lever for a food reward. During week two of the study, the rats are given a food pellet every six minutes, regardless of how many times they press the lever. Which type of reinforcement schedule is Amber using?
A.
Variable interval
B.
Variable ratio
C.
Fixed ratio
D.
Fixed interval
Question #17
Marvin sees on the work schedule that he is assigned to work with the manager that he doesn't like. So Marvin calls into work sick that night. He enjoyed not having to listen to the manager yell at everyone, so he does the same thing the next two times they are scheduled for the same shift. What is Marvin engaging in?
A.
Avoidance learning
B.
Social learning
C.
Observational learning
D.
Latent learning
Question #18
When the big new high school opened, students asked friends and staff in the hallways to help them locate their classrooms, lockers and other locations. At first it was a funny chaotic adventure, but within a few days, the students were bustling around easily from place to place, just like in the old school. What enabled the students to quickly master the new facility?
A.
Cognitive maps
B.
Knowledge of results
C.
Guided discovery
D.
Rote learning
Question #19
As a young teenager riding in the car to her grandparents' house, Malika always noticed the various landmarks, highway exits, and street signs. When she got her license, she drove to visit her grandparents by herself, without once having to turn on the GPS or ask for directions. Malika is demonstrating ________.
A.
rote learning
B.
latent learning
C.
programmed instruction
D.
discovery learning
Question #20
Professional athletes often donate time and money to various community programs and nonprofit organizations, with their efforts documented by cameras, social media, and news stories. In addition to helping people in need, the athletes hope their celebrity status will encourage others to perform similar actions through the process of ________.
A.
behavioral contracts
B.
discovery learning
C.
observational learning
D.
operant conditioning
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