Pathophysiology 370 - Pathophysiology » Fall 2022 » Week 1 Check Your Understanding Assignment

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Question #1
Which cellular response is maladaptive?
A.   Increase in the number of cells
B.   Shrinkage of cell size
C.   Change in the shape or arrangement of cells
D.   Increase in cell size
Question #2
In what way do proto-oncogenes become activated oncogenes?
A.   A proto-oncogene within the cell stimulates hyperplasia.
B.   Excessive ATP activity causes the proto-oncogene to become abnormally active.
C.   Certain retroviruses enter host cells, altering their DNA structure.
D.   Chromosome replication errors cause fewer copies of the proto-oncogene to be included in the genome.
Question #3
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular adaptation?
A.   Metaplasia
B.   Hyperplasia
C.   Hypertrophy
D.   Atrophy
Question #4
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
A.   Radiation
B.   Surgery
C.   Chemotherapeutic agents
D.   Early detection
Question #5
Restoration of effective function is the goal of which level of prevention?
A.   Clinical
B.   Primary
C.   Secondary
D.   Tertiary
Question #6
An increase in which of these characteristics would be present in cells that demonstrate hypertrophy?
A.   Size of vacuoles
B.   Size of cells
C.   Lipofuscin
D.   Number of cells
Question #7
A critical event in the death of a cell is caused by
A.   An accumulation of lipofuscin
B.   Chronic nutrient insufficiency
C.   An increase in cellular protein content
D.   Disruption of the plasma membrane s permeability barrier
Question #8
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called
A.   Psychiatry
B.   Physiology
C.   Pathophysiology
D.   Homeostasis
Question #9
What stage is defined by “fight or flight”?
A.   Exhaustion
B.   Alarm
C.   Resistance
D.   Adaptation
Question #10
Which is a characteristic of cancer cells?
A.   Evidence of cellular cohesiveness
B.   Poor differentiation
C.   Predictable, uniform cell division
D.   Uniform size and shape
Question #11
Necrosis is the result of cellular injury that does not allow for cellular adaptation because it is which of the following?
A.   Too prolonged, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
B.   Too severe, Too prolonged, A result of a disrupted blood supply
C.   Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself, A result of a disrupted blood supply
D.   Too severe, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
Question #12
When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to describe this is
A.   Idiopathic
B.   Iatrogenic
C.   Genotype
D.   Ecogenetics
Question #13
Which condition occurs in the presence of cellular damage?
A.   Cells shrink.
B.   ATP production increases.
C.   Sodium and water move into the cell.
D.   Osmotic pressure decreases.
Question #14
Which statement accurately describes the proliferation of cancer cells?
A.   The number of developing cells exceeds the number of dying cells.
B.   The resting phase of the cell cycle is prolonged.
C.   The more anaplastic the tumor is, the slower the growth rate of cells.
D.   Cancer cells grow at the same rate as normal cells.
Question #15
Which is a true statement regarding metastasis?
A.   Penetration of the basement membrane of the vessel occurs first.
B.   Cells must first escape the basement membrane of tissue.
C.   Increased cell-to-cell adhesion helps metastasis.
D.   Lack of proteases and collagenases aids in metastasis.
Question #16
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in
A.   Calcium
B.   Size
C.   Number
D.   Accumulations
Question #17
Which statement is true regarding cancer?
A.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
B.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Metastasis means less differentiated cells.
C.   The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
D.   Metastasis means less differentiated cells. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
Question #18
Cellular hypoxia results in
A.   Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
B.   Loss of intracellular calcium
C.   Increased pH
D.   Enhanced ATP activity
Question #19
Signs and symptoms of a disease first occur during the
A.   Prodromal period
B.   Subclinical stage
C.   Acute phase
D.   Latent period
Question #20
Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells?
A.   Grading
B.   Angiogenesis
C.   Cachexia
D.   Staging

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