Pathophysiology 370 - Pathophysiology » Fall 2022 » Week 1 Check Your Understanding Assignment

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Question #1
Which cellular response is maladaptive?
A.   Change in the shape or arrangement of cells
B.   Shrinkage of cell size
C.   Increase in cell size
D.   Increase in the number of cells
Question #2
In what way do proto-oncogenes become activated oncogenes?
A.   A proto-oncogene within the cell stimulates hyperplasia.
B.   Chromosome replication errors cause fewer copies of the proto-oncogene to be included in the genome.
C.   Excessive ATP activity causes the proto-oncogene to become abnormally active.
D.   Certain retroviruses enter host cells, altering their DNA structure.
Question #3
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular adaptation?
A.   Atrophy
B.   Metaplasia
C.   Hyperplasia
D.   Hypertrophy
Question #4
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
A.   Early detection
B.   Radiation
C.   Chemotherapeutic agents
D.   Surgery
Question #5
Restoration of effective function is the goal of which level of prevention?
A.   Primary
B.   Clinical
C.   Tertiary
D.   Secondary
Question #6
An increase in which of these characteristics would be present in cells that demonstrate hypertrophy?
A.   Size of cells
B.   Number of cells
C.   Size of vacuoles
D.   Lipofuscin
Question #7
A critical event in the death of a cell is caused by
A.   An accumulation of lipofuscin
B.   Disruption of the plasma membrane s permeability barrier
C.   Chronic nutrient insufficiency
D.   An increase in cellular protein content
Question #8
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called
A.   Homeostasis
B.   Psychiatry
C.   Pathophysiology
D.   Physiology
Question #9
What stage is defined by “fight or flight”?
A.   Alarm
B.   Resistance
C.   Adaptation
D.   Exhaustion
Question #10
Which is a characteristic of cancer cells?
A.   Poor differentiation
B.   Evidence of cellular cohesiveness
C.   Predictable, uniform cell division
D.   Uniform size and shape
Question #11
Necrosis is the result of cellular injury that does not allow for cellular adaptation because it is which of the following?
A.   Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself, A result of a disrupted blood supply
B.   Too prolonged, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
C.   Too severe, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
D.   Too severe, Too prolonged, A result of a disrupted blood supply
Question #12
When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to describe this is
A.   Idiopathic
B.   Genotype
C.   Ecogenetics
D.   Iatrogenic
Question #13
Which condition occurs in the presence of cellular damage?
A.   Osmotic pressure decreases.
B.   Cells shrink.
C.   Sodium and water move into the cell.
D.   ATP production increases.
Question #14
Which statement accurately describes the proliferation of cancer cells?
A.   The more anaplastic the tumor is, the slower the growth rate of cells.
B.   The resting phase of the cell cycle is prolonged.
C.   Cancer cells grow at the same rate as normal cells.
D.   The number of developing cells exceeds the number of dying cells.
Question #15
Which is a true statement regarding metastasis?
A.   Lack of proteases and collagenases aids in metastasis.
B.   Penetration of the basement membrane of the vessel occurs first.
C.   Cells must first escape the basement membrane of tissue.
D.   Increased cell-to-cell adhesion helps metastasis.
Question #16
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in
A.   Accumulations
B.   Number
C.   Size
D.   Calcium
Question #17
Which statement is true regarding cancer?
A.   Metastasis means less differentiated cells. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
B.   The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
C.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
D.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Metastasis means less differentiated cells.
Question #18
Cellular hypoxia results in
A.   Loss of intracellular calcium
B.   Increased pH
C.   Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
D.   Enhanced ATP activity
Question #19
Signs and symptoms of a disease first occur during the
A.   Subclinical stage
B.   Latent period
C.   Prodromal period
D.   Acute phase
Question #20
Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells?
A.   Angiogenesis
B.   Staging
C.   Grading
D.   Cachexia

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