Pathophysiology 370 - Pathophysiology » Fall 2022 » Week 1 Check Your Understanding Assignment

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Question #1
Which cellular response is maladaptive?
A.   Change in the shape or arrangement of cells
B.   Increase in the number of cells
C.   Shrinkage of cell size
D.   Increase in cell size
Question #2
In what way do proto-oncogenes become activated oncogenes?
A.   Chromosome replication errors cause fewer copies of the proto-oncogene to be included in the genome.
B.   A proto-oncogene within the cell stimulates hyperplasia.
C.   Excessive ATP activity causes the proto-oncogene to become abnormally active.
D.   Certain retroviruses enter host cells, altering their DNA structure.
Question #3
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular adaptation?
A.   Hyperplasia
B.   Atrophy
C.   Hypertrophy
D.   Metaplasia
Question #4
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
A.   Radiation
B.   Surgery
C.   Chemotherapeutic agents
D.   Early detection
Question #5
Restoration of effective function is the goal of which level of prevention?
A.   Primary
B.   Secondary
C.   Clinical
D.   Tertiary
Question #6
An increase in which of these characteristics would be present in cells that demonstrate hypertrophy?
A.   Size of cells
B.   Number of cells
C.   Lipofuscin
D.   Size of vacuoles
Question #7
A critical event in the death of a cell is caused by
A.   Disruption of the plasma membrane s permeability barrier
B.   An increase in cellular protein content
C.   Chronic nutrient insufficiency
D.   An accumulation of lipofuscin
Question #8
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called
A.   Physiology
B.   Psychiatry
C.   Homeostasis
D.   Pathophysiology
Question #9
What stage is defined by “fight or flight”?
A.   Exhaustion
B.   Adaptation
C.   Resistance
D.   Alarm
Question #10
Which is a characteristic of cancer cells?
A.   Poor differentiation
B.   Evidence of cellular cohesiveness
C.   Uniform size and shape
D.   Predictable, uniform cell division
Question #11
Necrosis is the result of cellular injury that does not allow for cellular adaptation because it is which of the following?
A.   Too severe, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
B.   Too prolonged, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
C.   Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself, A result of a disrupted blood supply
D.   Too severe, Too prolonged, A result of a disrupted blood supply
Question #12
When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to describe this is
A.   Idiopathic
B.   Iatrogenic
C.   Genotype
D.   Ecogenetics
Question #13
Which condition occurs in the presence of cellular damage?
A.   Sodium and water move into the cell.
B.   Cells shrink.
C.   ATP production increases.
D.   Osmotic pressure decreases.
Question #14
Which statement accurately describes the proliferation of cancer cells?
A.   Cancer cells grow at the same rate as normal cells.
B.   The number of developing cells exceeds the number of dying cells.
C.   The resting phase of the cell cycle is prolonged.
D.   The more anaplastic the tumor is, the slower the growth rate of cells.
Question #15
Which is a true statement regarding metastasis?
A.   Penetration of the basement membrane of the vessel occurs first.
B.   Increased cell-to-cell adhesion helps metastasis.
C.   Cells must first escape the basement membrane of tissue.
D.   Lack of proteases and collagenases aids in metastasis.
Question #16
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in
A.   Calcium
B.   Size
C.   Number
D.   Accumulations
Question #17
Which statement is true regarding cancer?
A.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Metastasis means less differentiated cells.
B.   The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
C.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
D.   Metastasis means less differentiated cells. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
Question #18
Cellular hypoxia results in
A.   Increased pH
B.   Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
C.   Loss of intracellular calcium
D.   Enhanced ATP activity
Question #19
Signs and symptoms of a disease first occur during the
A.   Latent period
B.   Subclinical stage
C.   Acute phase
D.   Prodromal period
Question #20
Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells?
A.   Angiogenesis
B.   Staging
C.   Grading
D.   Cachexia

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