Pathophysiology 370 - Pathophysiology » Fall 2022 » Week 1 Check Your Understanding Assignment

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Question #1
Which cellular response is maladaptive?
A.   Increase in the number of cells
B.   Increase in cell size
C.   Change in the shape or arrangement of cells
D.   Shrinkage of cell size
Question #2
In what way do proto-oncogenes become activated oncogenes?
A.   Excessive ATP activity causes the proto-oncogene to become abnormally active.
B.   Certain retroviruses enter host cells, altering their DNA structure.
C.   Chromosome replication errors cause fewer copies of the proto-oncogene to be included in the genome.
D.   A proto-oncogene within the cell stimulates hyperplasia.
Question #3
A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which type of cellular adaptation?
A.   Metaplasia
B.   Hyperplasia
C.   Atrophy
D.   Hypertrophy
Question #4
Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer?
A.   Surgery
B.   Chemotherapeutic agents
C.   Early detection
D.   Radiation
Question #5
Restoration of effective function is the goal of which level of prevention?
A.   Clinical
B.   Primary
C.   Tertiary
D.   Secondary
Question #6
An increase in which of these characteristics would be present in cells that demonstrate hypertrophy?
A.   Number of cells
B.   Size of cells
C.   Size of vacuoles
D.   Lipofuscin
Question #7
A critical event in the death of a cell is caused by
A.   An increase in cellular protein content
B.   Chronic nutrient insufficiency
C.   Disruption of the plasma membrane s permeability barrier
D.   An accumulation of lipofuscin
Question #8
The study of specific characteristics and functions of a living organism and its parts is called
A.   Psychiatry
B.   Physiology
C.   Pathophysiology
D.   Homeostasis
Question #9
What stage is defined by “fight or flight”?
A.   Alarm
B.   Resistance
C.   Exhaustion
D.   Adaptation
Question #10
Which is a characteristic of cancer cells?
A.   Uniform size and shape
B.   Predictable, uniform cell division
C.   Evidence of cellular cohesiveness
D.   Poor differentiation
Question #11
Necrosis is the result of cellular injury that does not allow for cellular adaptation because it is which of the following?
A.   Too severe, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
B.   Too prolonged, Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself
C.   Acute in nature, Programmed into the cell itself, A result of a disrupted blood supply
D.   Too severe, Too prolonged, A result of a disrupted blood supply
Question #12
When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to describe this is
A.   Ecogenetics
B.   Iatrogenic
C.   Genotype
D.   Idiopathic
Question #13
Which condition occurs in the presence of cellular damage?
A.   Osmotic pressure decreases.
B.   Sodium and water move into the cell.
C.   ATP production increases.
D.   Cells shrink.
Question #14
Which statement accurately describes the proliferation of cancer cells?
A.   Cancer cells grow at the same rate as normal cells.
B.   The more anaplastic the tumor is, the slower the growth rate of cells.
C.   The resting phase of the cell cycle is prolonged.
D.   The number of developing cells exceeds the number of dying cells.
Question #15
Which is a true statement regarding metastasis?
A.   Lack of proteases and collagenases aids in metastasis.
B.   Penetration of the basement membrane of the vessel occurs first.
C.   Cells must first escape the basement membrane of tissue.
D.   Increased cell-to-cell adhesion helps metastasis.
Question #16
In muscle hypertrophy, the hypertrophied cells increase in
A.   Accumulations
B.   Size
C.   Calcium
D.   Number
Question #17
Which statement is true regarding cancer?
A.   The greater the undifferentiated cell count, the more aggressive the cancer. Malignant tumors have the potential to kill the host.
B.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
C.   Metastasis means less differentiated cells. Anaplasia means more differentiated cells.
D.   Benign tumors grow rapidly than malignant ones. Metastasis means less differentiated cells.
Question #18
Cellular hypoxia results in
A.   Loss of intracellular calcium
B.   Enhanced ATP activity
C.   Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
D.   Increased pH
Question #19
Signs and symptoms of a disease first occur during the
A.   Acute phase
B.   Prodromal period
C.   Subclinical stage
D.   Latent period
Question #20
Which term is used to describe the histologic characterization of tumor cells?
A.   Staging
B.   Angiogenesis
C.   Grading
D.   Cachexia

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