Anthropology 3600 - Magic, Shamanism and Religion » Fall 2022 » Theoretical Approaches Toward the Study of Religion

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Question #1
We use the term ______ to refer to a person who group who believes that the human mind can not fully conceive of the divine.
A.   positivist
B.   atheist
C.   anotheist
D.   agnostic
Question #2
Which of the following are common characteristics of religion?
A.   belief in a supernatural being(s), moral guidance, and scientific basis
B.   moral guidance and scientific basis
C.   belief in a supernatural being(s), moral guidance, and community
D.   community and scientific basis
Question #3
Anthropologists ______ interested in the truth or falsity of religion.
A.   are
B.   are not
Question #4
There is no universal agreement on the arguments made by E.B. Tylor. Some argue that he claimed that cultures evolve in a ______ manner, but Eric K. Reed argues that, actually, Tylor never specifically made that point.
A.   religious
B.   linear
C.   adaptive
Question #5
Cultural evolutionism argues that cultural structures _________ over time.
A.   remain stagnant
B.   spread along trade routes
C.   change and adapt
D.   are eliminated by those in power
Question #6
Match the social scientist to its argument: Tylor
A.   Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols
B.   Protestant Work Ethic
C.   Cultural Evolutionism
D.   Animatism
Question #7
Match the social scientist to its argument: Marrett
A.   Religion encourages good behavior
B.   Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols
C.   Animatism
D.   Religion comforts and offers a sense of control
Question #8
Match the social scientist to its argument: Weber
A.   Protestant Work Ethic
B.   Religion comforts the working class
C.   Animatism
D.   Cultural Evolutionism
Question #9
Match the social scientist to its argument: Geertz
A.   Religion comforts the working class
B.   Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols
C.   Religion encourages good behavior
D.   Religion comforts and offers a sense of control
Question #10
Match the social scientist to its argument: Malinowski
A.   Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols
B.   Protestant Work Ethic
C.   Cultural Evolutionism
D.   Religion comforts and offers a sense of control
Question #11
Match the social scientist to its argument: Durkheim
A.   Religion expresses moods and motivations through symbols
B.   Religion comforts and offers a sense of control
C.   Religion encourages good behavior
D.   Animatism
Question #12
Match the social scientist to its argument: Marx and Engels
A.   Religion comforts the working class
B.   Cultural Evolutionism
C.   Protestant Work Ethic
D.   Animatism
Question #13
Match the term to its definition: Cultural Evolutionism
A.   A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.
B.   The belief in spirit beings.
C.   The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.
D.   The theoretical approach that argues that human cultures adapt and change over time.
Question #14
Match the term to its definition: Animism
A.   The survival, in some form, of the human soul after death.
B.   The belief in spirit beings.
C.   The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.
D.   A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.
Question #15
Match the term to its definition: Agnostic
A.   The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.
B.   Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.
C.   The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.
D.   Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes
Question #16
Match the term to its definition: Religion
A.   The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.
B.   A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.
C.   The survival, in some form, of the human soul after death.
D.   The belief in spirit beings.
Question #17
Match the term to its definition: Transmigration
A.   The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.
B.   The survival, in some form, of the human soul after death.
C.   Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes
D.   Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.
Question #18
Match the term to its definition: Diffusionism
A.   The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.
B.   Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes
C.   The belief in spirit beings.
D.   The theoretical approach that argues that human cultures adapt and change over time.
Question #19
Match the term to its definition: Animatism
A.   Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.
B.   The idea that all types of work fulfill God's calling.
C.   A major world religion that includes Catholicism and Protestantism.
D.   The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.
Question #20
Match the term to its definition: Mana
A.   The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.
B.   The development of religion inspired by the power of nature.
C.   Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes
D.   Polynesian/ Melanesian word for supernatural force found in nature.
Question #21
Match the term to its definition: Protestant Work Ethic
A.   A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.
B.   The idea that all types of work fulfill God's calling.
C.   The theoretical approach that argues that human cultures adapt and change over time.
D.   Theoretical approach that argues that human religion spreads along trade routes
Question #22
Match the term to its definition: Christianity
A.   A major world religion that includes Catholicism and Protestantism.
B.   The belief in spirit beings.
C.   A cultural structure that typically includes magical belief, ritual, morality, and the building of community.
D.   The belief that the human mind cannot conceive of the divine.
Question #23
R. R. Marrett argued that human beings typically developed religion when they first felt ______ in the face of nature.
A.   control
B.   fear
C.   security
D.   joy
Question #24
Marx's critique of capitalism is based on the _________.              
A.   uneven distribution of resources
B.   fair distribution of resources
C.   inevitable competition for resources
Question #25
Marx and Engels argued that the "false consciousness" of capitalism helped to keep workers ________ in a system that exploits labor.
A.   empowered
B.   cooperative
C.   informed
D.   educated
Question #26
In anthropology, the Marxist Approach examines the _________ that exist within and across cultural groups.
A.   equal distribution of power
B.   linear evolution
C.   power imbalances
Question #27
Clifford Geertz argued that religion can be studied ________ .             
A.   politically
B.   functionally
C.   symbolically
Question #28
In Geertz' view, the symbols used in religion help to establish ________ in people which changes their behavior.
A.   motivations
B.   superstitions
C.   ignorance
Question #29
According to Durkheim, religion helps a community maintain a sense of _________ .
A.   social rules
B.   powerlessness
C.   superstition
Question #30
According to Malinowski, religion offers people _______ and a sense of ________.             
A.   magic; sacrifice
B.   money; power
C.   comfort; control
Question #31
It is very challenging to define "religion" because it exists with great diversity and there is no one, unifying characteristic that can be found in all religions. However, there are some common characteristics that you might find in most religions. For example, most religions do incorporate some element of _____ or repeated event that binds the community together.
A.   magic
B.   death rituals
C.   myth
D.   ritual
E.   meaning
Question #32
_____ are funerary rituals that exist in most cultures and most religions.
A.   meaning
B.   ritual
C.   death rituals
D.   myth
E.   magic
Question #33
At the same time, most religious groups do believe in some kind of _____ or petitionary efforts intended to change the fates of people.
A.   myth
B.   death rituals
C.   magic
D.   ritual
E.   meaning
Question #34
Similarly, most religions incorporate a sacred story that shapes their worldview or _____ .
A.   magic
B.   death rituals
C.   meaning
D.   ritual
E.   myth
Question #35
Perhaps most importantly, religions create a sense of _____ in a life that can otherwise feel out of control and meaningless for people.
A.   death rituals
B.   magic
C.   myth
D.   ritual
E.   meaning

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