Geology 001 - Historical Geology » Fall 2022 » Chapter 02 Minerals and Rocks
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Question #1
An electron is the smallest unit of matter that retains the characteristics of an element.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
A proton is a positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #3
Carbon has six protons; therefore, its mass number is six.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
Quartz is made of the elements silicon and oxygen; therefore, it is a compound.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
Metamorphic rock around a batholith most likely formed by contact metamorphism.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
Igneous rocks are classified by composition and texture.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
Sedimentary rocks that are composed of rounded gravel-sized particles are classified as conglomerates.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
A limestone that is metamorphosed becomes marble.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
A shale that is subject to metamorphism may become a slate.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
Evaporites are examples of chemical sedimentary rocks.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #11
Elongated minerals aligned in a parallel manner in metamorphic rocks create a foliated texture.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #12
Felsic rocks are lighter in color than mafic rocks.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
What is a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid, having characteristic physical properties and a narrowly defined chemical composition?
A.
gem
B.
magma
C.
glass
D.
rock
E.
mineral
Question #14
The process by which loose sand from a beach or desert is converted into a solid rock called sandstone is an example of ____.
A.
mafic
B.
lithification
C.
lava
D.
metamorphism
E.
evaporite
Question #15
Metamorphism taking place adjacent to a body of magma (a pluton) or beneath a lava flow from heat and chemically active fluids is called ____.
A.
orogenic metamorphism
B.
burial metamorphism
C.
uncomformable metamorphism
D.
contact metamorphism
E.
regional metamorphism
Question #16
You are hiking in the desert in Namaqualand in South Africa and notice an area covered with white sedimentary deposits. You taste the deposits and they taste salty. This is most likely an example of a(n) ____.
A.
detrital sedimentary rock
B.
volcanic rock
C.
metamorphic rock
D.
pyroclastic rock
E.
evaporite
Question #17
What volcanic texture describes fragmental materials, such as ash, explosively erupted from volcanoes?
A.
cementation
B.
pyroclastic
C.
sedimentary
D.
metamorphic
E.
intrusive
Question #18
Molten rock material below the surface of Earth is called ____.
A.
evaporite
B.
magma
C.
lithosphere
D.
mantle
E.
lava
Question #19
A strong chemical bond in which electrons are shared rather than transferred or exchanged is a(n) ____. (HINT: An example is the bond in quartz.)
A.
metallic bond
B.
hydrogen bond
C.
covalent bond
D.
van der Waals bond
E.
ionic bond
Question #20
The process of ____ is responsible for breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.
A.
clastification
B.
sedimentation
C.
weathering
D.
lithification
E.
erosion
Question #21
What type of metamorphic rock results from the recrystallization of quartz sandstone?
A.
marble
B.
quartzite
C.
anthracite
D.
gneiss
E.
slate
Question #22
Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified by ____.
A.
clast size
B.
color
C.
depositional environment
D.
foliation
E.
composition
Question #23
For a neutrally-charged atom to become a positively-charged ion of the same element, it must ____.
A.
gain an electron
B.
gain a proton
C.
lose a proton
D.
lose an electron and gain a proton
E.
lose an electron
Question #24
When an atom gains or loses and electron it becomes charged.These atoms are called a(n) ____.
A.
ion
B.
isotope
C.
positron
D.
neutron
E.
electron
Question #25
You observe a dark colored igneous rock with very fine crystals that are only visible under magnification. What can be said about this rock?
A.
It cooled slowly in a magma chamber.
B.
It was ejected as a fine ash and later cemented together.
C.
It cooled quickly on Earth’s surface.
D.
It cooled slowly on Earth’s surface.
E.
It cooled quickly in a magma chamber.
Question #26
What is the mineral responsible for lustrous paint on cars and glittery cosmetics?
A.
quartz
B.
muscovite mica
C.
calcite
D.
kaolinite
E.
gypsum
Question #27
What type of metamorphism would be most associated with mountain building?
A.
hydrothermal metamorphism
B.
fault-block metamorphism
C.
deformational metamorphism
D.
regional metamorphism
E.
contact metamorphism
Question #28
The sedimentary rock ____ forms from the burial and compaction of land plants.
A.
chert
B.
dolostone
C.
shale
D.
coal
E.
conglomerate
Question #29
The transportation of sediment away from its source is called ____.
A.
erosion
B.
foliation
C.
sedimentation
D.
lithification
E.
weathering
Question #30
A volcanic rock with a glassy texture commonly has experienced ____________________ cooling.
A.
slow
B.
rapid
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