Philosophy 305 - Business Ethics » Fall 2022 » Chapter 1 Test The Nature of Morality
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Question #1
According to Tom Regan, our considered moral beliefs are those we hold only after we have made a conscientious effort (a) to attain maximum conceptual clarity, (b) to acquire all relevant information, (c) to think about the belief and its implications rationally, impartially, cooly, and (d) with the benefit of reflection.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #2
The paradox of hedonism (or the paradox of selfishness) is that people who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those who are concerned about other people.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #3
For philosophers, the most important issue is not where our moral principles came from, but:
A.
the legal basis for acting morally
B.
how we acquired the beliefs we have
C.
to what extent religion influences people's moral beliefs
D.
whether those moral principles can be justified
Question #4
An argument is valid only if all its premises are true.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #5
Organizational norms always and inevitably lead to groupthink.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #6
If your conduct is legal, it will also always be moral.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #7
According to divine command theory, if stealing is wrong then this is because:
A.
Stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.
B.
Our reason determines stealing to be wrong.
C.
God leaves right and wrong up to humanity.
D.
God forbids stealing because stealing is already wrong to start with.
Question #8
Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following?
A.
Violating the law is always immoral.
B.
To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values.
C.
The law makes all immoral conduct illegal.
D.
The law is a completely adequate guide to the moral standards that we should follow.
Question #9
Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, regarding human conduct in a business context.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #10
Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette:
A.
etiquette refers to any special code of social behavior or courtesy
B.
conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct
C.
the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality
D.
the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law
Question #11
Ethical relativism supports the theory that:
A.
different societies have similar ideas about right and wrong.
B.
what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right.
C.
morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being.
D.
there are no moral values whatsoever.
Question #12
The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show
A.
business organizations put more pressure on individual integrity than do other kinds of organization.
B.
the power of peer pressure has been greatly exaggerated.
C.
even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.
D.
the truth of utilitarianism.
Question #13
For philosophers, the important question is not how we come to have the particular moral principles we have, but whether we can justify them.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #14
Morality and self-interest
A.
are always in basic, irreconcilable conflict.
B.
can sometimes conflict.
C.
can never come into genuine conflict.
D.
always boil down to the same thing.
Question #15
Good moral judgments should be logical and
A.
always coincide with what most scientifically trained people think.
B.
always based on religion.
C.
completely beyond rational doubt.
D.
based on facts and acceptable moral principles.
Question #16
When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that
A.
as societies evolve, their morality improves.
B.
societies never share any moral values in common.
C.
in ethics, sometimes the minority is right.
D.
we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.
Question #17
An argument is a group of statements, one of which is claimed to follow from the others.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #18
Moral attitudes are best depicted by which of the following?
A.
There is no distinction between morality in a broad sense and morality in a narrow sense.
B.
Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.
C.
As long as your conduct is legal, then it will be moral.
D.
If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.
Question #19
There are four basic kinds of law: statutes, regulations, common law, and constitutional law.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #20
Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #21
Our conscience probably developed as we internalized the moral instructions of the parents or other authority figures who raised us as children.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #22
If an argument is valid, then
A.
the argument is sound.
B.
its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.
C.
the argument's conclusion must be true.
D.
the argument's premises are true.
Question #23
Moral standards concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #24
Ethical relativism is the theory that what is right is determined by what a culture or society says is right.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #25
One of the major characteristics of an organization is the shared acceptance of organizational rules by its members.
A.
False
B.
True
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